Abstract: There is provided a facsimile apparatus that analyzes an image of a received original, and prints an image, which is different according to analysis results, in combination with the received original, thereby allowing a user to easily sort the received original. The facsimile apparatus includes communication means that transmits and receives facsimile data via a communication line, analyzing means that analyzes received image data generated on the basis of the received facsimile data, composite image data generating means that acquires ornamental image data according to analysis results of the received image data, and generates composite image data on the basis of the acquired ornamental image data and the received image data, and composite image printing means that makes a printing unit print a composite image on the basis of the composite image data.

Abstract: To improve the probability of error correction, thereby generating correct read data. Data is read from the same sector by a number of times and a majority decision is done in the same address, thereby the most frequently read value is regarded as the true data value in the address. For example, for an address 00, “00” is handled as a true data value.

Abstract: A LCD device element of frequency modulation mode enables high speed on and off control of an electro-optical response by switching the frequency of applied electric field. The LCD device element is capable of changing a frequency modulation range freely. The LCD device element has conductive layers between two parallel substrates; liquid crystal (LC) alignment layers with pre-tilt angle on the conductive layers; and a LC layer between the two liquid crystal alignment layers. LC soluble particles nanoparticles composing a core and a liquid crystal molecules or like molecules on its periphery), are in the LC layer. A control circuit applies voltage while modulating frequency on the conductive layer for varying light transmittance of the LC layer. Under a constant voltage, an electro-optical response is turned on by switching the frequency from low to high frequency and is turned off by switching the frequency from high to low frequency. The electro-optical response is varied also by varying voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell is provided having high-speed response, wide angle of view, bistable memory properties and high contrast and applicable to large-screen display. The liquid crystal display cell includes a pair of substrates with transparent electrode film and a liquid crystal, at least one of the substrates having a transparent electrode film, a transparent film and an alignment layer laminated successively on a surface of a substrate.

Abstract: To improve the probability of error correction, thereby generating correct read data. Data is read from the same sector by a number of times and a majority decision is done in the same address, thereby the most frequently read value is regarded as the true data value in the address. For example, for an address 00, “00” is handled as a true data value.

Abstract: A dielectric dispersion determining method applying a transient grating method. The transient response of a sample is observed by the transient grating method using a femtosecond ultrashort visible optical pulse. A vibrational waveform b(t) is determined such that its square b(t).sup.2 replicates vibrational components observed in the transient response. The vibrational waveform b(t) is converted into b(.omega.) through the Fourier transform. The dielectric constant .epsilon.(.omega.) is obtained by substituting the converted value for b(.omega.)/.omega..sup.2 on the right-hand side of the following equation (1) derived from Maxwell's equations. The dielectric constant and/or refraction index can be directly obtained from the transient response to the femtosecond ultrashort visible optical pulse without passing through the dispersion relation which leaves some ambiguity in its definition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and electrodes respectively formed on facing surfaces of the pair of substrates for applying an electric field to each pixel. A first alignment film is formed on the surface of one of the pair of substrates and covers the electrodes formed thereon. The first alignment film aligns the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in a direction generally vertical to a plane of the substrates. A second alignment film is formed on the surface of the other of the pair of substrates and covers the electrodes formed thereon. The second alignment film aligns the liquid crystal molecules in a direction generally parallel to the plane of the substrates and gives a pre-tilt to the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell comprising a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal material sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and an optical polarization memory film provided on one or both of the substrates. The optical polarization memory film is exposed by polarized lights to produce a positive orientation means including a multiple micro domains. In the micro domains, orientation direction is uniform in each domain and substantially isotropic as a whole. The visual angular dependency is eliminated. No rubbing treatment is done, and problems caused by rubbing can be solved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, includes the steps of: forming thin film transistors TFTs, pixel electrodes connected to the TFTs, and electrode lines connected to the TFTs, respectively on a surface of a first substrate; forming a common electrode on a surface of a second substrate which is not subjected to any orientation process, the first substrate having no orientation means; forming an orientation film on the common electrode on the second substrate and performing a rubbing process only on the orientation film on the second substrate wherein the first substrate is not subjected to a rubbing process; disposing the first and second substrates to face each other and to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and injecting a nematic liquid crystal material that is in an isotropic phase thereof, which is heated to at least a phase transition temperature that provides an isotropic phase of said liquid crystal material, said liquid crystal material being injected in bet

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element does not include an orientation layer for orienting a liquid crystal material injected between a pair of substrates thereof. Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal material are oriented randomly in random directions between the substrates. Macroscopically, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material are oriented omnidirectionally in a substrate in-plane direction, so that the molecules have an equal random probability of orientation in each direction. Microscopically, however, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material are unidirectionally oriented.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which comprises an orientation film and at least one charge transporting material doped in the orientation film. The charge transporting material having an amount being sufficient to cause a leakage of an electric charge temporarily accumulated in the orientation film or a portion adjacent thereto, during an operation of the device, to thereby inhibit a formation of an electric bilayer in the device. Since the formation of an electric bilayer is inhibited, generation of crosstalk and reduction of display characteristics such as memory properties of the LC display device are effectively prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical waveguide type synaptic weight modulator with a nematic liquid crystal cladding layer. The modulator can be used for optronics and optical neural computing. The modulator includes a multichannel waveguide provided on a glass substrate, electrodes which are provided on the glass substrate and which sandwich the channels of the waveguide, a nematic liquid crystal cladding layer provided perpendicularly to the waveguide and electrodes, a control power supply connected to the electrodes, a light source prism coupled to the waveguide, and a multimode fiber end surface coupling an output of the waveguide to a photomultiplier. The nematic liquid crystal cladding layer provides an electrooptical effect and is fixed by an orientation film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element has a pair of opposed substrates, electrodes thereon, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal sealed between the substrates. A film of a conductive organic compound or a mixture of a conductive organic compound and another organic compound is disposed on the substrate surface, optionally via an orienting film. The conductive organic compound is typically a charge-transfer complex. The film may be formed by an LB method, coating, vapor phase polymerization or electrolytic polymerization. The element has improved optical bistability, contrast, and response.

Abstract: The disclosed liquid crystal electrooptic memory device uses a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched by a pair of molecular oriented films attached to opposite surfaces thereof, and a pair of transparent conductive films are attached to the outside surfaces of the molecular oriented films, respectively. An impedance having a constant electrostatic capacitance and a variable resistance is connected to one of the transparent conductive films. Further, an electric pulse source is connected across the transparent conductive films through the impedance. When a pulse from the pulse source is applied to the transparent conductive films, light transmittance of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is set at different levels depending on the resistance of the impedance. Thus, the resistance of the impedance is memorized in the form of the light transmittance of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The impedance can be in the form of a photoconductive film attached to the molecular oriented film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of transparent electrode bases, each comprised of a transparent electrode, an alignment layer on each of the bases, the bases facing each other with the alignment layer thereof being inside, and a liquid crystal sealed between the bases, in which at least one of the alignment layers is formed by plasma polymerization of acetonitrile.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to be adapted to be used for an integrated liquid crystal panel having a built-in direct touch-entry enabling device, a liquid crystal material made by dispersing many needle-shaped magnetic substance particles respectively coated with a surface active agent in a well known liquid crystal substance and a method of making the same. The liquid material can be utilized in the form of many encapsulated liquid material units combined with one another. In case such encapsulated liquid crystal material is used for a liquid crystal device, it need not be sealed with glass or the like and can be directly applied to paint any required part and, even if the painted part is curved during the use, it can develop its performance.

Abstract: An electro-optical display element for a multiplexing system has a first and a second electrode substrate opposed to each other and an electrically responsive optical member provided between the two electrode substrates. Each of the two electrode substrates has combinations of ten segments, which are, in order from above, first, second and third lateral segments juxtaposed, a longitudinal upper left segment, upper middle segment and upper right segment juxtaposed between the first segment and the second segment, and a longitudinal lower left segment, lower middle segment, lower right segment juxtaposed between the second and third segments and a point segment for displaying the decimal point. The first electrode substrate has a first, a second and a third signal terminal. The second electrode substrate has a first, a second and a third scanning terminal. The signal terminals and the scanning terminals are specifically connected.

Abstract: A field-effect liquid-crystal type display device employing a twisted alignment method is provided with a pair of electrode glass plates spaced apart from each other and a field-effect type liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy loaded in the space defined by the plates, the plates being disposed in such a manner that an angle formed by the alignment treatment directions of the plates is changed a proper angle from 90.degree., so that the twisting direction of molecules in the liquid crystal is unified and the liquid crystal type display device is improved to show homogeneity, and thus to reduce the number of dirty domains or spots in display.