Patents by Inventor Stephen R. Forrest

Stephen R. Forrest has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • OLED WITH HYBRID EMISSIVE LAYER
    Publication number: 20190237694
    Abstract: A hybrid emissive layer and OLED incorporating the same are provided. The hybrid emissive layer includes a first material having a triplet state energy level T1H and a singlet state energy level S1H, a second material having a triplet state energy level T1F and a singlet state energy level S1F; and a third material having a triplet state energy level T1P and a single state energy level S1P, where T1F?T1H; S1F?S1H; and T1P<T1H.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 30, 2019
    Publication date: August 1, 2019
    Inventors: Mark E. THOMPSON, Abegail TADLE, Muazzam IDRIS, Karim EL ROZ, Daniel Sylvinson MUTHIAH RAVINSON, Stephen R. FORREST, Chan Ho SOH
  • Strain relief epitaxial lift-off via pre-patterned mesas
    Patent number: 10340187
    Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods to eliminate or reduce the peeling-off of epitaxial lifted-off thin film epilayers on secondary host substrates that allow for the fabrication of high yield ELO processed thin film devices. The methods employ patterned strain-relief trenches.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 18, 2016
    Date of Patent: July 2, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Kyusang Lee, Dejiu Fan
  • Organic photosensitive devices comprising aryl squaraines and methods of making the same
    Patent number: 10333079
    Abstract: There is disclosed squaraine compounds of formula I: wherein each of Y1 and Y2 is independently chosen from an optionally substituted amino group and an optionally substituted aryl group. Also described are organic optoelectronic devices comprising a Donor-Acceptor heterojunction that is formed from one or more of the squaraine compounds. A method of making the disclosed device, which may include one or more sublimation step for depositing said squaraine compound, is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 14, 2015
    Date of Patent: June 25, 2019
    Assignees: University of Southern California, The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Mark E. Thompson, Stephen R. Forrest, Guodan Wei, Siyi Wang, Lincoln Hall, Viacheslav V. Diev, Xin Xiao
  • Integrated photovoltaic window and light source
    Publication number: 20190190438
    Abstract: Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a window, an energy and light producing device including at least one transparent photovoltaic device and at least one non-transparent Organic Light Emitting Device (OLED) in an optical path of the window. A controller may control the operation of the non-transparent OLED of the energy and light producing device. An energy storage device may be electrically coupled to the controller and the energy and light producing device to store energy generated by the transparent photovoltaic device and to power the non-transparent OLED. In some implementations, a LED or OLED may be mounted in the frame of the window and may be powered by the energy storage device.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 17, 2018
    Publication date: June 20, 2019
    Inventors: Michael HACK, Stephen R. FORREST
  • SUB-ELECTRODE MICROLENS ARRAY FOR ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES
    Publication number: 20190181384
    Abstract: Substrates are disclosed that include an embedded or partially-embedded microlens array. Devices are disclosed that include an OLED disposed over a substrate having an embedded or partially embedded micro lens array. Devices as disclosed herein redirect up to 100% of the light that otherwise would be confined in organic and electrode layers toward the substrate and thus provide improved light extraction and device efficiency.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 16, 2018
    Publication date: June 13, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Yue QU
  • Highly Reliable Stacked White Organic Light Emitting Device
    Publication number: 20190165294
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising: a cathode and an anode; a blue emitting layer; and at least two hybrid red/green emitting layers. One of the at least two hybrid red/green emitting layers is a cathode side, red/green emitting layer that is disposed between the cathode and the blue emitting layer. The second of the at least two hybrid red/green emitting layers is an anode side, red/green emitting layer that is disposed between the blue emitting layer and the anode. The OLED emits white light.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 27, 2018
    Publication date: May 30, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Caleb COBURN, Changyeong JEONG
  • ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES USING A LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX DIELECTRIC
    Publication number: 20190157620
    Abstract: A device including an organic light emitting diode and a dielectric layer is provided. The dielectric layer provides additional distance between a reflector and the organic emission region, leading to improved reduction in non-emissive modes and enhanced efficiency.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 16, 2018
    Publication date: May 23, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Yue QU
  • Organic optoelectronics with electrode buffer layers
    Patent number: 10297775
    Abstract: There is disclosed an organic optoelectronic device comprising two electrodes in superposed relation comprising an anode and a cathode, at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material located between the two electrodes forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction, an anode buffer layer adjacent to the anode and a cathode buffer layer adjacent to the cathode, and an intermediate layer adjacent to at least one of the anode and cathode buffer layers, wherein when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the anode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of holes to the anode buffer layer, and when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the cathode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of electrons to the cathode buffer layer. Also disclosed are methods of making the same.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 2013
    Date of Patent: May 21, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Brian Lassiter, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Stephen R. Forrest
  • OLED WITH MINIMAL PLASMONIC LOSSES
    Publication number: 20190148674
    Abstract: A top-emitting organic light emitting device (OLED) that comprises: a substrate having an inward side and an outward side; an OLED body that includes a transparent bottom electrode proximate to the inward side of the substrate, an organic emitting layer, and a transparent top electrode in that order; a non-metallic, diffuse reflective layer with a roughened top surface proximate to and facing the bottom transparent electrode; and a high refractive index waveguide layer. The diffuse reflective layer is positioned between the inward side of the substrate and the OLED body, and the waveguide layer is positioned between the diffuse layer and the bottom transparent electrode.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 13, 2018
    Publication date: May 16, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Jongchan KIM
  • Organic electroluminescent materials and devices
    Patent number: 10290816
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device is disclosed whose emissive layer has a host material, a first emissive dopant, and a second dopant. The second dopant is an excited energy state managing dopant provided in an amount between 2-10 vol. % of the emissive layer and has a lowest triplet state energy level, TM, that is higher than a lowest triplet state energy levels, T1, of both the host and the first dopant and lower than the multiply-excited energy level, T*, of the first dopant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 9, 2016
    Date of Patent: May 14, 2019
    Assignee: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Jaesang Lee, Quinn Burlingame
  • Stable organic photosensitive devices with exciton-blocking charge carrier filters utilizing high glass transition temperature materials
    Patent number: 10276817
    Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable organic photosensitive devices including at least one exciton-blocking charge carrier filter. The filters comprise a mixture of at least one wide energy gap material having a sufficiently high glass transition temperature, e.g., higher than the temperature or temperature range at which the device typically operates, higher than a highest operating temperature of the device, higher than a threshold temperature value, etc. and at least one electron or hole conducting material. As described herein, the novel filters simultaneously block excitons and conduct the desired charge carrier (electrons or holes).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 20, 2015
    Date of Patent: April 30, 2019
    Assignees: University of Southern California, The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Quinn Burlingame, Xin Xiao, Kevin Bergemann, Anurag Panda, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Brian E. Lassiter, Mark E. Thompson, Andrew N. Bartynski, Cong Trinh
  • Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells made by glancing angle deposition
    Patent number: 10263186
    Abstract: A method of making a bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell by glancing angle deposition. As the disclosed method relies on a trajectory of incident vapor flux that is not parallel to the substrate normal, micro and nano-scale columnar structures of thin films can be grown on the substrate. There is also disclosed a method of forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction by depositing at least one additional organic material over the columnar structures.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2010
    Date of Patent: April 16, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Ning Li
  • Fusing porphyrins with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles for optoelectronic applications
    Patent number: 10256421
    Abstract: A compound that can be used as a donor material in organic photovoltaic devices comprising a non-activated porphyrin fused with one or more non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or one or more non-activated heterocyclic rings can be obtained by a thermal fusion process. The compounds include those having the following structure By heating the reaction mixture of non-activated porphyrins with non-activated polycyclic aromatic rings or heterocyclic rings to a fusion temperature and holding for a predetermined time, fusion of one or more polycyclic rings or heterocyclic rings to the non-activated porphyrin core in meso,? fashion is achieved resulting in hybrid structures containing a distorted porphyrin ring with annulated aromatic rings. The porphyrin core can be olygoporphyrins.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 3, 2016
    Date of Patent: April 9, 2019
    Assignees: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
    Inventors: Mark E. Thompson, Viacheslav Diev, Kenneth Hanson, Stephen R. Forrest
  • Devices combining thin film inorganic LEDs with organic LEDs and fabrication thereof
    Patent number: 10229958
    Abstract: Devices including organic and inorganic LEDs are provided. Techniques for fabricating the devices include fabricating an inorganic LED on a parent substrate and transferring the LED to a host substrate via a non-destructive ELO process. Scaling techniques are also provided, in which an elastomeric substrate is deformed to achieve a desired display size.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 27, 2018
    Date of Patent: March 12, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Kyusang Lee
  • Enhancing light extraction of organic light emitting diodes via nanoscale texturing of electrode surfaces
    Patent number: 10211429
    Abstract: An organic light emitting device is described, having an OLED including an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer between the anode and cathode. At least a portion of an electrode surface includes a plurality of scattering structures positioned in a partially disordered pattern resembling nodes of a two dimensional lattice. The scattering structures are positioned around the nodes of the two dimensional lattice with the average distance between the position of each scattering structure and a respective node of the lattice is from 0 to 0.5 of the distance between adjacent lattice nodes. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and a method of enhancing the light-extraction efficiency of an organic light emitting device are also described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 2017
    Date of Patent: February 19, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Ardavan Oskooi, Stephen R. Forrest
  • STACKED COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATORS INTEGRATED WITH MULTIPLE DIELECTRIC LAYERS FOR WIDE ACCEPTANCE ANGLE
    Publication number: 20190044014
    Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compound parabolic concentrators. In one implementation, a compound parabolic concentrator may include a parabolic array having a base, a side wall, and an aperture for receiving light and a dielectric layer having a refractive index. In another implementation, a stacked compound parabolic concentrator may include a parabolic array having a base, a side wall, and an aperture for receiving light and multiple dielectric layers within the array. Each dielectric layer may have a refractive index, and the refractive index may decrease with each dielectric layer moving from the base of the parabolic array to the light receiving aperture.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 22, 2017
    Publication date: February 7, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Kyusnag LEE, Byungjun Lee
  • EXCITED STATE MANAGEMENT
    Publication number: 20190036060
    Abstract: Arrangements and techniques for providing organic emissive layers are provided, in which the emissive layer includes a first dopant having a dissociative energy level. A second dopant in the emissive layer provides a solid state sink energy level, to which doubly excited excitons and/or polarons may transition instead of to the dissociative energy level, thereby decreasing the undesirable effects of transitions to the dissociative energy level.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 22, 2018
    Publication date: January 31, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Michael SLOOTSKY, Mark E. THOMPSON
  • Thin film lift-off via combination of epitaxial lift-off and spalling
    Patent number: 10186629
    Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to thin film liftoff processes for use in making devices such as electronic and optoelectronic devices, e.g., photovoltaic devices. The methods described herein use a combination of epitaxial liftoff and spalling techniques to quickly and precisely control the separation of an epilayer from a growth substrate. Provided herein are growth structures having a sacrificial layer positioned between a growth substrate and a sacrificial layer. Exemplary methods of the present disclosure include forming at least one notch in the sacrificial layer and spalling the growth structure by crack propagation at the at least one notch to separate the epilayer from the growth substrate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 26, 2014
    Date of Patent: January 22, 2019
    Assignee: The Regents of the University of Michigan
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Kyusang Lee, Jeramy D. Zimmerman
  • EFFECTIVE COMPOUND SUBSTRATE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EPITAXIAL LIFT-OFF
    Publication number: 20190019730
    Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compound substrates for use in epitaxial lift-off. In one implementation, a compound substrate may include a diced wafer layer formed of a plurality of wafer pieces and a wafer-receiving layer having a surface. The wafer layer may have a bottom surface and a top surface, and the bottom surface of the wafer layer may be attached to the surface of the wafer-receiving layer.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 24, 2017
    Publication date: January 17, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. Forrest, Kyusang Lee
  • DEVICES COMBINING THIN FILM INORGANIC LEDS WITH ORGANIC LEDS AND FABRICATION THEREOF
    Publication number: 20190013366
    Abstract: Devices including organic and inorganic LEDs are provided. Techniques for fabricating the devices include fabricating an inorganic LED on a parent substrate and transferring the LED to a host substrate via a non-destructive ELO process. Scaling techniques are also provided, in which an elastomeric substrate is deformed to achieve a desired display size.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 27, 2018
    Publication date: January 10, 2019
    Inventors: Stephen R. FORREST, Kyusang LEE