Abstract: The present invention related to an apparatus and method for the manufacturing of beverage capsules. The apparatus can preheat the material used to form the beverage material during the manufacturing process. The material and apparatus are particularly suitable for use in producing single serve beverage capsules from biodegradable materials.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for determining a distance (or range) between a first wireless entity and a second wireless entity. In an aspect, the first wireless entity transmits a first positioning reference signaling (PRS) signal to the second wireless entity at a first time, where the first PRS signal is received by the second wireless entity at a second time, and receives a second PRS signal from the second wireless entity at a third time, where the second PRS signal is transmitted by the second wireless entity at a fourth time. The first wireless entity enables the distance to be determined by a location computing entity, for example, by a location server, based on the first, second, third, and fourth times. The first wireless entity may be a mobile device or a base station and the second wireless entity may be the other of the mobile device or base station.

Abstract: Described herein are hybrid material firearms magazines that combine a polymer overmold with a metal ammunition magazine to provide a superior magazine capable of holding increased amounts of ammunition while overcoming various problems associated with traditional metal only and/or polymer only magazines as well as methods for making the magazines disclosed herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining fuel delay in a fuel injected engine with cylinders that may be deactivated are presented. In one example, the fuel injection delay is determined via a cylinder firing schedule array when the cylinder firing schedule array is available. The fuel injection delay is determined via weighted average of a fuel injection delay of a present engine cycle and a fuel injection delay of a past engine cycle when the cylinder firing schedule array is not available.

Abstract: A method of measuring positioning signals at a user equipment (UE) includes: obtaining, at the UE, one or more transmission characteristics corresponding to each of a plurality of positioning signals; obtaining, at the UE, topographic information regarding physical features of a region associated with the UE and the plurality of positioning signals; determining, at the UE, one or more selected positioning signals, of the plurality of positioning signals, to measure based on the one or more transmission characteristics and the topographic information; and measuring, at the UE, the one or more selected positioning signals to produce one or more measurements.

Abstract: Positioning of a UE is supported in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Inactive state. The UE receives from a location server a request for periodic or triggered location and an indication of whether uplink, downlink, or uplink and downlink positioning will be used for subsequent location reporting events when the UE is in the RRC Inactive state. When an event is detected, the UE sends a first event report and a second event report to the location server to report the event and enable UE location while the UE is in the RRC Inactive state. The event reports are each sent with Small Data Transmission (SDT). The first event report may include a Request Assistance Data message indicating a request for an uplink (UL) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) configuration and the second event report may include location measurement performed by the UE.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a gasoline urea selective catalytic reductant catalyst are described. In one example, an observer is provided that corrects an estimate of an amount of NH3 that is stored in a SCR. The amount of NH3 that is stored in the SCR is a basis for generating additional NH3 or ceasing generation of NH3.

Abstract: A valve component 1 of the invention comprises a main valve 2 which is located on a centre line and at least one auxiliary valve 3 which is located radially outwardly of the main valve 2. The main valve may be used for sealing engagement with a cannula. In some cases the cannula may be used for introduction of a number of robotically controlled surgical instruments generally, including a camera. The auxiliary valves 3 may be utilised to introduce another instrument through the valve component. The valve component is mounted in a manner which ensures that the valve component 1 is rotatable about a centre line through the axis of the valve component 1. This ensures that the valve component 1 can be rotated relative to a cannula inserted through the main valve 2 and consequently that the auxiliary valves 3 are rotatable relative to the cannula allowing the auxiliary valves 3 to be positioned to facilitate optimum access and manipulation for an auxiliary instrument(s) inserted through the auxiliary valve(s) 2.

Abstract: Uplink high efficiency location of a user equipment (UE) includes initiating periodic or triggered location in the UE by a location server (LS) in a wireless network. The UE enters an idle state and monitors for triggering events. After detecting an event, the UE transmits an uplink positioning signal (UPS) to a base station, where the UPS encodes UPS data comprising a UE ID, an ID for the LS, an authentication code (AC) and location measurements. UPS transmission occurs in an uplink positioning occasion shared with other UEs. The location measurements may be ciphered but other UPS data is unciphered. The base station obtains additional location measurements and transfers the UPS data and the location measurements to the LS. The LS authenticates the UE ID using the AC, determines the UE location using the location measurements and transfers the location to an external client.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) access to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) via a satellite to a Fifth Generation (5G) public land mobile network (PLMN) is supported using fixed tracking areas (TAs) and fixed cells. The fixed TAs and fixed cells are defined in the NTN independently of NTN radio cells. Network elements in the NTN are provided with configuration information for the fixed TAs and fixed cells from a server (e.g., an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) server). The configuration information includes location related information for the fixed TAs and fixed cells, which may not be standardized. The network entities perform one or more services for the UE based on the location related information for the fixed TAs and fixed cells, such as determining a fixed TA or fixed serving cell for a UE, locating the UE, routing emergency calls, and supporting wireless emergency alerting (WEA).

Abstract: Methods and techniques are described for supporting location services for a user equipment (UE) using a location server and service based interfaces (SBIs) and SBI service operations in a Fifth Generation wireless network. The location server may be, e.g., a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF may be in either a serving Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) for a UE or in a Home PLMN for a roaming UE. The LMF may receive a location service request for the UE using an SBI and may communicate with another entity in the network, through a second entity and using an SBI, to obtain location information for the UE measured by the other entity. The LMF may determine a location for the UE based on the location information.

Abstract: Latency in location of a user equipment (UE) is reduced by requesting and scheduling the location of the UE in advance of the time of when it is needed. A positioning request from an external client or the UE may indicate the time that the location is to be determined or measured. A location management function (LMF) may manage and coordinate location measurements for the UE prior to the location determination time. The LMF may schedule downlink and/or uplink measurements to be performed at the desired time. Either the LMF or a location server associated with a serving base station for the UE may be assigned to receive positioning measurements and obtain the location of the UE. The location server or LMF may send the location to the UE or the external client. User plane transport may be used to further reduce latency.

Abstract: During positioning of a user equipment (UE), for example, during an emergency call, a civic location of the UE may be determined. For example, during a location session in a wireless network, a UE may detect a WiFi access point (AP) and obtain the civic location of the WiFi AP from the AP. The UE may provide the civic location to a location server in the wireless network, which may treat the civic location as the civic location of the UE. The location server may validate the civic location using a geodetic location, e.g., obtained based on measurements from a satellite positioning system and/or base stations in the wireless network. The location server may further verify that the UE is proximate to the WiFi AP using WiFi positioning measurements performed by the UE. The validated civic location can be provided to an external client, e.g. a PSAP.

Abstract: A modular valve system having fixed valve ports with frame openings on the exterior of each port. Corresponding connectors or plugs are designed to fit within the valve ports and be locked in place by a clip passing through the framed openings and around the connector or plug. The internal valve component may be electrically or mechanically controlled. The modular valve system may be connected to a vehicle coolant system to control fluid flow to a heat exchanger or bypassing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a gasoline urea selective catalytic reductant catalyst are described. In one example, an observer is provided that corrects an estimate of an amount of NH3 that is stored in a SCR. The amount of NH3 that is stored in the SCR is a basis for generating additional NH3 or ceasing generation of NH3.

Abstract: The strike indicator includes a float formed from a plurality of sealed air enclosures, each of the plurality of sealed air enclosures including an outer membrane, each of the plurality of sealed air enclosures being entirely offset from the center of the float. The strike indicator also includes a line attachment device configured to secure a fishing line therein, the line attachment device being attached to the float and located in a center of the float between the plurality of sealed air enclosures. The line attachment device includes a threaded bolt having an L-shaped or V-shaped notch formed in its shaft, wherein a fishing line can be inserted in the notch to secure the strike indicator to the fishing line.

Abstract: A RAN location server function (e.g. for 5G New Radio), referred to as Location Management Component (LMC), may be included in a gNB and connected to a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU). The gNB-CU may receive a location request for a UE (e.g. from an AMF) and may initiate a location session for the UE, including selecting an LMC for the location session. The gNB-CU may handover the UE to a new serving gNB during the location session. The LMC for the location session may then remain unchanged after the handover or may be changed to a new LMC to suit the new serving gNB. The location session may then continue using the original LMC if not changed or the new LMC if changed.

Abstract: Access, mobility management and regulatory services are supported for satellite access to a 5G core network. A coverage area, e.g., a country or region, is divided into fixed virtual cells and fixed tracking areas. The UE receives configuration information for fixed cells and fixed tracking areas associated with a serving PLMN. The fixed cells and the fixed tracking areas are defined, independently of each other, as fixed geographic areas. A position of the UE is used to determine a fixed serving cell and/or fixed tracking area for the UE. A service operation for the UE is enabled for the serving PLMN based on the fixed serving cell or the fixed tracking area. A fixed cell may be associated with an overlapping fixed tracking area by assigning a color code to the tracking area and appending the color code to an ID for the fixed cell.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a radio access network (RAN) node may transmit, to an access and mobility function (AMF) of a core network, a request associated with a location-based state of a user equipment (UE) served by the RAN node. For example, the location-based state of the UE may be associated with whether the UE is flying or whether the UE is driving. Accordingly, the RAN node may receive a message in response to the request. The RAN node may receive the message in response to the request from the AMF. Alternatively, the AMF may establish a connection between the RAN node and a location management function (LMF) of the core network such that the RAN node receives the message in response to the request from the LMF. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A high brightness, wavelength-adjustable, deep-UV-C light source identifies, neutralizes, and validates the absence of one or more pathogens. An optical source using a Raman-based nonlinear optical amplification process converts low brightness continuous wave (CW) and Quasi-CW pump light into high brightness and high peak power optical UV-C radiation at a specific wavelength, pulse duration, repetition rate, and optical bandwidth for targeted pathogen identification, neutralization, and absence validation. A tunable Raman-based output operates at a wavelength between 400 nm and 460 nm, which is employed for Raman spectroscopic pathogen detection, and which is frequency doubled to the Deep-UV-C (DUV-C) spectral region of between 200 nm to 230 nm for fluorescence detection of potential pathogens.