Abstract: Preparation of anhydrous lithium sulfide (Li2S) purified suitably for applications in advanced batteries, and, in particular, for synthesis of solid electrolytes based on Li2S, including sulfide solid electrolytes of the type that may be described as crystalline (e.g., polycrystalline), amorphous (e.g., glass) and combinations thereof, such as sulfide glass-ceramic solid electrolyte materials.

Abstract: A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. An automated machine based system, apparatus and methods assessing and inspecting the quality of such vitreous solid electrolyte sheets, electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies can be based on spectrophotometry and can be performed inline with fabricating the sheet or web (e.g., inline with drawing of the vitreous Li ion conducting glass) and/or with the manufacturing of associated electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies and battery cells.

Abstract: Batteries, component structures and manufacturing methods, in particular including a glassy embedded battery electrode assembly having a composite material structure composed of interpenetrating material components including a porous electroactive network including a solid electroactive material, and a continuous glassy medium including a Li ion conducting sulfide glass, can achieve enhanced power output, reduced charging time and/or improved cycle life.

Abstract: Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and various methods for making the solid-state laminate electrode assemblies involve a lithium metal layer reactively bonded to a lithium ion conducting sulfide glass layer. During manufacture, highly reactive surfaces of the lithium metal layer and the lithium ion conducting sulfide glass layer are maintained in its substantially unpassivated state until they have been reactively bonded. An intermediary solid electrolyte structure has a Li ion conducting solid electrolyte layer covered with a thin as-deposited lithium phosphorus nitride film. A surface protected solid electrolyte having a solid electrolyte layer having a first major surface that is covered by a composite protective film, the composite protective film having a lithium phosphorus material component and a phosphorus nitride material component.

Abstract: A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.

Abstract: A high energy density lithium water-activated battery having a compact, readily manufacturable, and scalable electrode stack structure has enhanced tolerance to stress conditions such as shock and vibration, which may be experienced during shipping, transport and/or deployment into a waterbody (e.g., an ocean). A Li seawater battery pack can provide power to a marine device deployed in or on the surface of a waterbody via one or more seawater battery modules and a power circuit module having one or more input terminals for receiving battery voltages from the one or more battery modules. The power module conditions each of the battery voltages and consolidates these into a single operating output voltage, and the cathode electrodes from each of the battery modules share a common electrolyte comprising water from the waterbody.

Abstract: A Li ion conducting sheet of sulfide glass has a vitreous sheet of Li ion conducting sulfide glass having a first major surface and composite material interlayer on the first major surface of the vitreous sheet. The Li ion conducting sheet may be for use as an interlayer in a battery cell, the composite material layer having a first material component that is an electronically conductive non-metal, typically a carbonaceous material, such as carbon black, and a second material component that is a metal or semi-metal. In a particular embodiment, the second material component may be a transition metal, such as a precious metal, for example silver. The composite material interlayer may be a silver carbon composite.

Abstract: A standalone lithium ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolyte, methods of making and using the electrolyte, and battery cells and cell components incorporating the electrolyte can include a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium-ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.

Abstract: Chemically treating ionically conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte separators or separator layers can improve performance. In particular, treatment involving chemically etching a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass separator to blunt, lessen or remove edge defects or surface flaws, and/or to enhance surface smoothness is cost effective, reliable and well suited for high production environments compared to physical methods of removing scratches or smoothing surfaces, such as mechanical grinding and polishing.

Abstract: Batteries, component structures and manufacturing methods, in particular including a glassy embedded battery electrode assembly having a composite material structure composed of interpenetrating material components including a porous electroactive network including a solid electroactive material, and a continuous glassy medium including a Li ion conducting sulfide glass, can achieve enhanced power output, reduced charging time and/or improved cycle life.

Abstract: Battery component structures and manufacturing methods for solid-state battery cells include a unitary Li ion conducting sulfide glass solid electrolyte structure that serves as the basic building block around which a solid-state battery cell can be fabricated. The unitary glass structure approach can leverage precision controlled high throughput processes from the semiconductor industry that have been inventively modified as disclosed herein for processing a sulfide glass solid electrolyte substrate into a unitary Li ion conducting glass structure, for example, by using etching and lithographic photoresist formulations and methods. The glass substrate may be precision engineered to effectuate a dense glass portion and a porous glass portion that can be characterized as sublayers having predetermined thicknesses.

Abstract: A sulfide glass solid electrolyte sheet can be protected from reaction with moisture by a thin metal layer coating converted to a thin electrochemically functional and protective compound layer. The converted protective compound layer is electrochemically functional in that it allows for through transport of lithium ions.

Abstract: Manufacturing methods for making a substantially rectangular and flat glass preform for manufacturing a Li ion conducting glass separator can involve drawing the preform to a thin sheet and may involve one or more of slumping, rolling or casting the glass within a frame that defines a space filling region and therewith the shape and size of the preform. The thickness of the rectangular flat preform so formed may be about 2 mm or less. The frame may be slotted having a back surface and widthwise wall portion that define the height and width of the space filling region. The flat backing surface and surfaces of the widthwise wall portions are defined may be coated by a material that is inert in direct contact with the heated glass material, such as gold.

Abstract: Battery component structures and manufacturing methods for solid-state battery cells include a unitary Li ion conducting sulfide glass solid electrolyte structure that serves as the basic building block around which a solid-state battery cell can be fabricated. The unitary glass structure approach can leverage precision controlled high throughput processes from the semiconductor industry that have been inventively modified as disclosed herein for processing a sulfide glass solid electrolyte substrate into a unitary Li ion conducting glass structure, for example, by using etching and lithographic photoresist formulations and methods. The glass substrate may be precision engineered to effectuate a dense glass portion and a porous glass portion that can be characterized as sublayers having predetermined thicknesses.

Abstract: Batteries, component structures and manufacturing methods, in particular including a glassy embedded battery electrode assembly having a composite material structure composed of interpenetrating material components including a porous electroactive network including a solid electroactive material, and a continuous glassy medium including a Li ion conducting sulfide glass, can achieve enhanced power output, reduced charging time and/or improved cycle life.

Abstract: Chemically treating ionically conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte separators or separator layers can improve performance. In particular, treatment involving chemically etching a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass separator to blunt, lessen or remove edge defects or surface flaws, and/or to enhance surface smoothness is cost effective, reliable and well suited for high production environments compared to physical methods of removing scratches or smoothing surfaces, such as mechanical grinding and polishing.

Abstract: A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery. Such an electrolyte is also manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner using an automated machine based system, apparatus and methods based on inline spectrophotometry to assess and inspect the quality of such vitreous solid electrolyte sheets and associated components. Suitable manufacturing methods can involve multi-stage thinning of a sulfide glass preform that includes a first thinning operation that involves applying a compressive force onto the preform to form a glass sheet and a second thinning operation that involves applying a tensile force on the as-formed glass sheet (e.g., drawing the sheet by pulling).

Abstract: An ionically conductive glass (or glassy) monolithic preform having a certain shape, size, and dimension may be made from a monolithic precursor material (e.g., an ingot or boule of ion conductive glass), generally of a different shape and size.

Abstract: Batteries, component structures and manufacturing methods, in particular including a glassy embedded electrode assembly having a solid electrolyte separator layer of a glass or glass ceramic or full ceramic of the garnet type that is fabricated initially as a glass sheet. The glass may be processed from a Ta doped Li7La3Zr2O12 material using glass forming dopants (e.g., by melt quenching and then drawing the glass into the ribbon). The ribbon so formed may be used as a dense solid electrolyte layer if sufficiently conductive, or otherwise heat treated to crystallize a more conductive phase. The solid electrolyte layer may be an oxide or phosphate Li ion conducting solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery. Such an electrolyte is also manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner using an automated machine based system, apparatus and methods based on inline spectrophotometry to assess and inspect the quality of such vitreous solid electrolyte sheets and associated components. Suitable manufacturing methods can involve providing a sulfur precursor, providing a boron precursor material having lithium as a second constituent, combining the sulfur and boron precursor materials to form a precursor mixture, melting the mixture, and cooling the melt to form a solid lithium ion conducting glass. The glass may have a Li+ conductivity of at least 10?5 S/cm.