Abstract: A composition for forming an electrode. The composition includes a metal fluoride, such as copper fluoride, and a matrix material. The matrix material adds capacity to the electrode. The copper fluoride compound is characterized by a first voltage range in which the copper fluoride compound is electrochemically active and the matrix material characterized by a second voltage range in which the matrix material is electrochemically active and substantially stable. A method for forming the composition is included.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell including a metal fluoride containing active electrode material and an intrinsically conductive coating wherein the coating is applied to the active electrode material by heating the mixture for a time and at a temperature that limits degradation of the cathode active material. The active material can be a hybrid material formed from the reaction of a metal fluoride and a metal complex.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures, high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode active material by reacting a metal fluoride and a reactant. The reactant can be a metal oxide, metal phosphate, metal fluoride, or a precursors expected to decompose to oxides. The method includes a milling step and an annealing step. The method can alternately include a solution coating step. Also included is the composition formed following the method.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electrode. The composition includes a metal fluoride compound doped with a dopant. The addition of the dopant: (i) improves the bulk conductivity of the composition as compared to the undoped metal fluoride compound; (ii) changes the bandgap of the composition as compared to the undoped metal fluoride compound; or (iii) induces the formation of a conductive metallic network. A method of making the composition is included.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electrode. The composition includes a metal fluoride, such as copper fluoride, and a matrix material. The matrix material adds capacity to the electrode. The copper fluoride compound is characterized by a first voltage range in which the copper fluoride compound is electrochemically active and the matrix material characterized by a second voltage range in which the matrix material is electrochemically active and substantially stable. A method for forming the composition is included.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode active material by reacting a metal fluoride and a reactant. The reactant can be a metal oxide, metal phosphate, metal fluoride, or a precursors expected to decompose to oxides. The method includes a milling step and an annealing step. The method can alternately include a solution coating step. Also included is the composition formed following the method.

Abstract: A composition for use in a battery electrode including lithium-sulfur particles coated with a transition metal species bonded to a sulfur species. Methods and materials for preparing such a composition. Use of such a compound in a battery.

Abstract: A composition for use in a battery electrode comprising a compound including lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen. The composition is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks including 18.6±0.2, 35.0±0.2, 36.4±0.2, 37.7±0.2, 42.1±0.2, and 44.5±0.2 degrees 2? as measured using Cu K? radiation.

Abstract: A method for extracting ions from an active material for use in a battery electrode includes mixing the active material and an activating compound to form a mixture. The mixture is annealed such that an amount of ions is extracted from the active material, an amount of oxygen is liberated from the active material, and an activated active material is formed. Embodiments of the invention include the activated active material, the electrode, and the primary and secondary batteries formed from such activated active materials.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing of multiple material samples includes a gas delivery control system operatively connectable to the multiple material samples and configured to provide gas to the multiple material samples. Both a gas composition measurement device and pressure measurement devices are included in the apparatus. The apparatus includes multiple selectively openable and closable valves and a series of conduits configured to selectively connect the multiple material samples individually to the gas composition device and the pressure measurement devices by operation of the valves. A mixing system is selectively connectable to the series of conduits and is operable to cause forced mixing of the gas within the series of conduits to achieve a predetermined uniformity of gas composition within the series of conduits and passages.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: A cathode active material including a lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 1: Li[LixMeyM?z]O(2+d)??Formula 1 wherein x+y+z=1, 0<x<0.33, 0<z?0.1, and 0?d?0.1, Me is at least one metal selected from Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, and B, and M? is at least one metal selected from Sc, Y, and La.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesis and assaying of materials is provided that significantly improves throughput efficiency by allowing for material synthesis and assaying in the same assembly while possessing the ability to reach higher pressures and higher temperatures than existing designs capable of synthesis and assaying in the same assembly. In addition, the apparatus provides for gas flow over the material sample, allowing for a number of materials to be synthesized within the apparatus by gas synthesis.

Abstract: A method for extracting ions from an active material for use in a battery electrode includes mixing the active material and an activating compound to form a mixture. The mixture is annealed such that an amount of ions is extracted from the active material, an amount of oxygen is liberated from the active material, and an activated active material is formed. Embodiments of the invention include the activated active material, the electrode, and the primary and secondary batteries formed from such activated active materials.

Abstract: Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within supercapacitors, such as high stability during supercapacitor cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell including an active electrode material and an intrinsically conductive coating wherein the coating is applied to the active electrode material by heating the mixture for a time and at a temperature that limits degradation of the cathode active material.