Abstract: Substantially solvent-free multilayer articles characterized by excellent color retention and gloss retention, solvent resistance and recyclability comprise a substrate layer comprising a first material selected from the group consisting of a metal, ceramic, glass, a cellulosic material, a thermoset resin, and a thermoplastic resin, and a resinous coating layer which comprises at least one auxiliary color stabilizer additive and an arylate polymer comprising ester structural units derived from a resorcinol or alkylresorcinol isophthalate-terephthalate. An intermediate layer may also be present.

Abstract: A mixture of natural gas and air is converted to a C5-C19 diesel fuel-grade liquid hydrocarbon. The natural gas and air mixture is supplied to the input of a catalytic partial oxidation reactor. The carbon-containing gas output of the catalytic partial oxidation reactor is connected as an input to a first Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to thereby form a first diesel fuel grade C5-C19 liquid hydrocarbon output. A carbon-containing gas output of the first Fischer-Tropsch reactor is connected to the input of a second Fischer-Tropsch reactor, to thereby form a second diesel fuel grade C5-C19 liquid hydrocarbon output. The catalytic partial oxidation reactor contains a platinum group catalyst, a promoted platinum group catalyst, a rhodium catalyst, or a platinum promoted rhodium catalyst. Each of the Fischer-Tropsch reactors contain a catalyst that is made up of from about 3 to about 60 parts-by-weight cobalt and from about 0.

Abstract: A cased well in the earth is electrically energized with A.C. current. Voltages are measured from three voltage measurement electrodes in electrical contact with the interior of the casing while the casing is electrically energized. In a measurement mode, A.C. current is conducted from a first current carrying electrode within the cased well to a remote second current carrying electrode located on the surface of the earth. In a calibration mode, current is passed from the first current carrying electrode to a third current carrying electrode located vertically at a different position within the cased well, where the three voltage measurement electrodes are located vertically in between the first and third current carrying electrodes. Voltages along the casing and resistances along the casing are measured to determine wall thickness and the location of any casing collars present so as to electrically inspect the casing.

Abstract: Multilayer articles are disclosed which comprise: a substrate layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer, thermoset polymer, cellulosic material, glass, or metal, and at least one coating layer thereon, said coating layer comprising at least one stabilizer additive and a thermally stable polymer comprising resorcinol arylate polyester chain members substantially free of anhydride linkages linking at least two mers of the polymer chain, prepared by an interfacial method comprising the steps of: (a) combining at least one resorcinol moiety and at least one catalyst in a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent substantially immiscible with water; and (b) adding to the mixture from (a) at least one dicarboxylic acid dichloride while maintaining the pH between 3 and 8.5 through the presence of an acid acceptor, wherein the total molar amount of acid chloride groups is stoichiometrically deficient relative to the total molar amount of phenolic groups.

Abstract: A cubical computer housing assembly comprises first and second ends and four sides, which define an interior compartment for housing the various computer components. The first and second ends are rigidly connected to one another and are slidingly detachable from four sides of the assembly. The interior compartment comprises three parallelepiped portions, one for accommodating a plurality of circuit boards, one for accommodating a heat sink and hard disk drive, and one for accommodating other memory device such as a CD ROM or DVD player. A hard disk drive is slidingly mounted in a frame which is rigidly mounted relative to the first and second ends. A hinged door on which is mounted a printed circuit board can be moved to an open position to provide access to the disk drive for removal and replacement of same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process wherein a solution of a carboxylic acid in a first solvent and an alcohol are fed to a simulated moving bed reactor (SMBR) containing a solid(s) to produce a first stream comprising a solution of an ester of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol and a second stream comprising the first solvent. The solid(s) present in the SMBR facilitates the esterification reaction and the separation of the first solvent from the carboxylic acid. The process is particularly valuable for the preparation of an alkanol solution of an alkyl 2-keto-L-gulonate ester (AKLG) from an aqueous fermentation broth containing dissolved 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (KLG) by feeding the fermentation broth and an alkanol to a simulated moving bed reactor which contains a solid acidic esterification catalyst to produce a stream comprising an alkanol solution of an ALKG. The alkanol solution of an ALKG may be used directly to convert the ALKG to ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Abstract: An apparatus and method allow a user to define markers referred to herein as “bookmarks” that are used to mark portions of a DVD. One type of bookmark defined herein is a position bookmark that creates a mark that corresponds to a position on the DVD. Another type of bookmark is an interval bookmark that comprises two position bookmarks that define the beginning and end of an interval on the DVD. Yet another type of bookmark is an interval sequence that lists multiple intervals defined by interval bookmarks. An interval sequence may include intervals from a single DVD, or may include intervals from multiple DVDs as well. Once an interval sequence is defined, the information recorded on the DVD(s) that corresponds to the intervals in the sequence may be stored on a mass storage device, such as a hard disk drive. In this manner, several “clips” from different DVDs may be merged into a single video stream that may be displayed without breaks or interruptions.

Abstract: A fence straining element includes a post, attachment elements to attach a fence to the post, connection elements whereby in use the post is connected to a fence post. The connection is in a manner that allows the post to be rotated in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the post. Rotation elements are provided whereby the post may be rotated to tighten, or loosen the fence attached thereto. Lock elements are also provided whereby the post may be locked, in use, in at least the position with the fence under some tension.

Abstract: The present invention includes a device for X-ray treatment in a passage, a method for positioning an X-ray emitter at a treatment area in the passage, a method for exposing a length of the treatment area, and a method for moving a catheter automatically. In addition, the present invention includes a bellows valve adapter and a hemostasis valve adapter that allows fluid to circulate between a sheath and an X-ray emitter within the device and allows movement of the X-ray emitter within the sheath. Further, the invention includes a catheter pullback assembly for retracting or advancing an X-ray emitter, a system for X-ray treatment in a body, and a treatment system for controlling an X-ray emitter.

Abstract: An auxiliary solenoid controlled variable displacement power steering pump, hydraulic systems incorporating same, and method for improving the efficiency of variable displacement power steering pumps. In one embodiment, a rotor is arranged within a pump body, and a cam fitted on an outer periphery of the rotor and movably arranged within the pump body to form a variable volume pump chamber. The cam is biased towards a position within the pump body to create maximum displacement. A mechanism is provided for forcing the cam into a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement under certain conditions, such as low engine speed and power steering demand. In a preferred embodiment, the mechanism comprises a solenoid driven connecting rod that is operatively connected to the cam. Activation of the solenoid forces the cam to a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of ascorbic acid using a simulated moving bed (SMB) reactor system to accomplish the simultaneous conversion of KLG or a derivative of KLG to ascorbic acid and the separation of reaction products. The SMB reactor contains a solid or mixture of solids effective for catalyzing the reaction of KLG or its derivative and for separating the reactions products by selective adsorption of at least one product. In a general embodiment, this process involves (1) feeding a solution of KLG or a derivative thereof in a first solvent and a desorbent which is miscible with the first solvent, to a simulated moving bed reactor; (2) reacting the KLG or the KLG derivative to form ascorbic acid; and (3) removing from the simulated moving bed reactor (i) a first liquid stream comprising a solution of ascorbic acid in the desorbent and the first solvent (ii) a second liquid stream comprising the first solvent and the desorbent.

Abstract: An auxiliary solenoid controlled variable displacement power steering pump, hydraulic systems incorporating same, and method for improving the efficiency of variable displacement power steering pumps. In one embodiment, a rotor is arranged within a pump body, and a cam fitted on an outer periphery of the rotor and movably arranged within the pump body to form a variable volume pump chamber. The cam is biased towards a position within the pump body to create maximum displacement. A mechanism is provided for forcing the cam into a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement under certain conditions, such as low engine speed and power steering demand. In a preferred embodiment, the mechanism comprises a solenoid driven connecting rod that is operatively connected to the cam. Activation of the solenoid forces the cam to a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and an apparatus for the manufacture of an L-ascorbic acid product in high yield by direct conversion of an aqueous solution containing 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by contact with an acid catalyst or under thermal self-catalyzed conditions at a conversion level that maximizes the formation of L-ascorbic acid and minimizes decomposition of the L-ascorbic acid thus formed. The separation process for L-ascorbic acid and KLG is operated in such a way that an efficient separation process allows the majority of the KLG to be recycled for further conversion. The product stream from the separation process is then subjected to a recovery step to obtain crystalline L-ascorbic acid product.

Abstract: The present invention comprises the use of sulfite additives to reduce discoloration of L-ascorbic acid produced from acid or aqueous solutions of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. In one aspect, the present invention comprises a continuous process for producing L-ascorbic acid from an aqueous solution of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. The use of sulfite additives reduces product stream color and improves product recovery by binding to high molecular weight reaction by-products. In a continuous process, the reaction stream is separated from residual sulfite and sulfite-bound by-products products to produce a product stream enriched in aqueous ascorbic acid for recovery, and an enriched 2-keto-L-gulonic acid stream which is recycled to the reactor. The in situ use of sulfite additives during the reaction increases the overall yield of L-ascorbic ascorbic acid, with no loss in selectivity of the synthesis.

Abstract: A security service for an electronic marketplace that permits members of the marketplace to use any signing service to attach electronic signatures to documents resident on the marketplace regardless of format differences between the member's internal computer system and the electronic marketplace.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variable displacement pump. A pump body has an outer ring defining an inner cavity, where the inner cavity further defines a pump suction path and a pump discharge path in fluid communication with the inner cavity. A cam ring is pivotably supported in the inner cavity by a pivot pin formed on a portion of an inner diameter of the adapter ring. An actuated cam is formed on the cam ring. An actuator is linked through the actuated cam to the cam ring for moving the cam ring in a pivotable motion. A control module is linked to the actuator.

Abstract: An auxiliary solenoid controlled variable displacement power steering pump, hydraulic systems incorporating same, and method for improving the efficiency of variable displacement power steering pumps. In one embodiment, a rotor is arranged within a pump body, and a cam fitted on an outer periphery of the rotor and movably arranged within the pump body to form a variable volume pump chamber. The cam is biased towards a position within the pump body to create maximum displacement. A mechanism is provided for forcing the cam into a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement under certain conditions, such as low engine speed and power steering demand. In a preferred embodiment, the mechanism comprises a solenoid driven connecting rod that is operatively connected to the cam. Activation of the solenoid forces the cam to a position of fixed minimum or reduced displacement.

Abstract: A package for increasing shelf life of electrodes packaged therein. A first package within which one or more gel-containing electrode pads are sealed. In addition, at least one moisture source is sealed within the package.

Abstract: A sensor detects a possible attempt to open a vehicle door latch by mechanical means, and temporarily disables an electronic unlocking signal until the mechanical activation means are absent. Preferably, all functions are performed by an on-board microprocessor controller, which checks the state of the door sensor(s) upon occurrence of an unlock event. If the sensor(s) indicate that a person is or may be attempting to open the door mechanically, no unlock signal is transmitted immediately to the door latch. Preferably, the controller continues to check the state of the door sensor(s), and activates the unlock mechanism after the sensor is clear. However, if the sensor is not clear within some timeout period, the controller may simply abort the unlock operation. This is done to avoid confusing the user with an unlocking action some time after pressing the unlock switch.

Abstract: Ammonium sulfate nitrate composite materials useful as fertilizers having desirable levels of nitrate ions, superior stability against detonation, higher density, greater resistance to moisture, and a method for their manufacture. The ammonium sulfate nitrate composites have as essential constituents ammonium sulfate and the NH4SO4.2(NH4NO3) double salt with less than 5 wt. % in combined total of the more hazardous NH4SO4.3(NH4NO3) double salt and ammonium nitrate.