Abstract: A topology management method of a node, a non-transitory computer readable recording medium, and an electronic device are provided. The method includes transmitting, by the node, a unicast message comprising its presence information to at least one neighbor node in a network; receiving, by the node, an acknowledgement message for the unicast message; and receiving, by the node, first broadcast messages each of which comprises presence information on each of the at least one neighbor node.

Abstract: A test method of a semiconductor device and a semiconductor test apparatus. The test method includes providing a semiconductor device including a substrate having an active region and an isolation region, a volatile device cell including a gate insulation layer and a gate on the active region, a junction region in the active region, a capacitor connected to the junction region, and a passing gate on the isolation region, providing a first test voltage to the gate and a second test voltage greater than the first test voltage to the passing gate to deteriorate interfacial defects of the gate insulation layer, and measuring retention characteristics of the volatile device cell.

Abstract: In a polarizing liquid crystal panel and a display apparatus including the polarizing liquid crystal panel, the polarizing liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plastic substrate, a first electrode on the plastic substrate, and a first alignment layer on the first electrode. The second substrate includes a base substrate which opposes the first substrate, a second electrode on the base substrate, and a second alignment layer on the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer is between the first and second substrates and polarizes a light using an electric field between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A polarizing liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate including a first base substrate, a first alignment layer, and a first electrode between the first base substrate and the first alignment layer, a second substrate including a second base substrate, a second alignment layer, and a second electrode between the second base substrate and the second alignment layer, the second substrate facing the first substrate, a spacer between the first and second substrates and maintaining a cell gap therebetween, and a liquid crystal flow preventing portion between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal flow preventing portion extends in a first direction, and restricts movement of the spacer in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a field regions in a substrate to define active regions, gate trenches including active trenches disposed across the active region and field trenches in the field regions, and word lines that fill the gate trenches and extend in a first direction. The word lines include active gate electrodes occupying the active trenches, and field gate electrodes occupying the field trenches. The bottom surface of each field gate electrode, which is disposed between active regions that are adjacent to each other and have one word line therebetween, is disposed at a higher level than the bottom surfaces of the active gate electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a scribing wheel having a predetermined thickness and a disk shape. The scribing wheel includes: a wheel body configured in such a way that at least a peripheral edge portion thereof is gradually reduced in thickness from the center to the radial outside; and a cutter part including recesses and cutting blade teeth which are alternately arranged along the peripheral edge portion. Each recess is formed by a combination of side recess portions formed in opposite side surfaces of the peripheral edge portion of the wheel body and an edge recess portion formed in the peripheral edge of the wheel body.

Abstract: There are provided a toilet cleaning apparatus having a bubble supply mechanism and a cleaning method thereof. The toilet cleaning apparatus having a bubble supply mechanism includes a mixture tank in which raw water supplied from a raw water supply unit, air introduced from an air supply unit, and a cleaning solution supplied from a cleaning solution supply unit are mixed and accommodated, a bubble generation unit provided in the mixture tank and generating bubbles with the raw water, air, and the cleaning solution by using an impeller, and a bubble discharging unit connected to the mixture tank and discharging bubbles generated by the bubble generation unit to the toilet bowl to cover water stored in the toilet.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) and a method of driving the same are disclosed. The TFT includes: an active layer; a bottom gate electrode disposed below the active layer to drive a first region of the active layer; and a top gate electrode disposed on the active layer to drive a second region of the active layer. The TFT controls the conductivity of the active layer by using the bottom gate electrode and the top gate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cliché, a manufacturing method of a cliché, and a pattern formed by a roll printing method to prevent deteriorations due to sagging and a disconnection of an end portion or a rounded angular portion, the cliché having a surface formed with a groove, wherein the end portion of the groove has a narrower width than the width of the center portion of the groove.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting after-cataract including a hydrophilic sulfasalazine; a high content of hyaluronic acid; and a carrier containing an aqueous solution, and a method of preparing a composition for inhibiting after-cataract including the steps of adding hyaluronic acid powder to a hydrophilized sulfasalazine; and mixing the same with a specific condition.

Abstract: A memory device comprises: a memory cell array comprising first and second word lines located adjacent to each other, a first memory cell connected to the first word line, and a second memory cell connected to the second word line and located adjacent to the first memory cell; and a word line voltage supplying unit that transitions a word line voltage of the first word line from a first word line voltage to a second word line voltage, in response to a first control signal. A transition control unit generates the first control signal for controlling a pulse of the word line voltage of the first word line in a transition period from the first word line voltage to the second word line voltage in such a way that a transition waveform profile from the first word line voltage to the second word line voltage is different from a transition waveform profile from the second word line voltage to the first word line voltage.

Abstract: Graphene transferring methods, a device manufacturing method using the same, and substrate structures including graphene, include forming a catalyst layer on a first substrate, forming a graphene layer on the catalyst layer, forming a protection metal layer on the graphene layer, attaching a supporter to the protection metal layer, separating the first substrate from the catalyst layer such that the protection metal layer, the graphene layer, and the catalyst layer remain on the supporter, removing the catalyst layer from the supporter, and transferring the protection metal layer and the graphene layer from the supporter to a second substrate.

Abstract: A humanoid robot fall controller controls motion of a robot to minimize damage when it determines that a fall is unavoidable. The robot controller detects a state of the robot during the fall and determines a desired rotational velocity that will allow the robot to re-orient itself during the fall to land on a predetermined target body segment (e.g., a backpack). The predetermined target body segment can be specially designed to absorb the impact of the fall and protect important components of the robot.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal pattern includes forming a precursor layer including a metal precursor on a substrate, irradiating a light on the precursor layer to form a metal seed layer having a predetermined pattern, and electroless-plating the metal seed layer to form a metal pattern layer.

Abstract: A printing plate cleaning apparatus may include a cleaning chamber configured to receive a printing plate to be cleaned, a nozzle supporter in the cleaning chamber, and/or a unified nozzle unit that includes a cleaning nozzle unit and a rinsing nozzle unit unified as a body and attached to the nozzle supporter. The cleaning nozzle unit may include a cleaner nozzle configured to inject cleaner to the printing plate and/or a first suction nozzle suctioning waste. The rinsing nozzle unit may include a rinsing liquid nozzle configured to inject rinsing liquid to the printing plate and/or a second suction nozzle suctioning the waste. A printing plate cleaning apparatus may include the cleaning chamber, a cleaning nozzle unit in the cleaning chamber, and/or a rinsing nozzle unit in the cleaning chamber. The cleaning and rinsing nozzle units may be configured to move together with each other in the cleaning chamber.

Abstract: A solder composite is provided. The solder composite may include: a metal-based solder matrix, a capsule dispersed in the solder matrix, and a self-healing material that is encapsulated in the capsule. The self-healing material may be configured to react with the solder matrix when in contact with the solder matrix such that at least one of an electrically conductive intermetallic compound and an electrically conductive alloy is formed.

Abstract: A touch panel which is used as an input device for an electronic device, etc., and an electronic device including the touch panel are provided. A touch panel includes a first substrate, and a second substrate spaced from the first substrate by a distance and having a contact surface. A fluid is filled in a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, and an input button area is delimited due to movement of the fluid when a driving voltage is applied. If a thickness of the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate is reduced below a threshold thickness value in the input button area, the driving voltage is cut off.

Abstract: A robot controller controls a robot to maintain balance in response to an external disturbance (e.g., a push) on level or non-level ground. The robot controller determines a predicted stepping location for the robot such that the robot will be able to maintain a balanced upright position if it steps to that location. As long as the stepping location predicted stepping location remains within a predefined region (e.g., within the area under the robot's feet), the robot will maintain balance in response to the push via postural changes without taking a step. If the predicted stepping location moves outside the predefined region, the robot will take a step to the predicted location in order to maintain its balance.

Abstract: A touch panel and an electronic device are provided. The touch panel includes a first substrate; a second substrate that is spaced apart from the first substrate by a gap and includes a contact surface; driving electrodes that are formed on each of the first substrate and the second substrate; and electro-rheological fluid that is disposed in the gap. When a driving voltage is applied between the driving electrodes, a button area is delimited due to a variation in viscosity of the electro-rheological fluid at the button area. When a thickness of the gap is reduced to a value equal to or less than a threshold due to a pressing force applied to the contact surface at the button area, the driving voltage is cut off.

Abstract: A test method of a semiconductor device and a semiconductor test apparatus. The test method includes providing a semiconductor device including a substrate having an active region and an isolation region, a volatile device cell including a gate insulation layer and a gate on the active region, a junction region in the active region, a capacitor connected to the junction region, and a passing gate on the isolation region, providing a first test voltage to the gate and a second test voltage greater than the first test voltage to the passing gate to deteriorate interfacial defects of the gate insulation layer, and measuring retention characteristics of the volatile device cell.