Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a plurality of signal lines, a gate driver, and a sealant. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area. The signal lines are integrated with the substrate and include a clock signal line. The gate driver includes a stage located between the clock signal line and the display area. The stage is integrated with the substrate and is configured to apply a gate voltage to the display area. The sealant is distributed over part of the peripheral area. A seal region where the sealant is distributed includes a seal line, and the clock signal line is located within the seal line. The clock signal line is located further away from the stage than the other signal lines.

Abstract: A cooperative communication system is provided. The cooperative communication system includes a transmitter that generates a codeword from data blocks based on a long message encoding scheme, and multicasts a signal including the codeword; relays, each relay configured to receive the multicasted signal, encode the multicasted signal using a encoding scheme independent from encoding schemes of other relays to generate a random-mapped signal of the data blocks, and relay the random-mapped signal of the data blocks; and a receiver that receives signals relayed by the relays, and generates the data blocks from the signals based on a joint decoding scheme.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a plurality of signal lines, a gate driver, and a sealant. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area. The signal lines are integrated with the substrate and include a clock signal line. The gate driver includes a stage located between the clock signal line and the display area. The stage is integrated with the substrate and is configured to apply a gate voltage to the display area. The sealant is distributed over part of the peripheral area. A seal region where the sealant is distributed includes a seal line, and the clock signal line is located within the seal line. The clock signal line is located further away from the stage than the other signal lines.

Abstract: The display panel includes an opposite substrate and an array substrate. The opposite substrate includes a first substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first wire electrode formed on the first surface, a first transparent electrode formed on the first surface and partially overlapping with the first wire electrode, and a common electrode formed on the second surface. The first wire on the first surface is formed before the first transparent electrode on the first surface. The array substrate includes a second substrate including a third surface facing the second surface, and a pixel layer formed on the third surface and facing the common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first insulation substrate; a first gate conductor disposed on the first insulation substrate and in a same layer as a gate line and a second gate conductor disposed on the first insulation substrate and in the same layer as the gate line; a gate insulating layer disposed on the first gate conductor and the second gate conductor; a data conductor disposed on the gate insulating layer and in a same layer as a data line; a thin film transistor disposed on the first insulation substrate; a first spacer disposed on the first insulation substrate; and a second spacer disposed on the first insulation substrate, where heights or widths of the first and second spacers are different from each other and having different heights or widths, and the second spacer overlaps the first gate conductor and the second gate conductor.

Abstract: To restrict a period velocity change of a photoconductor that is an immediate cause of a color registration error, a gap change of a color registration error detection pattern caused by a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is acquired and a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is reduced based on a relationship between the gap change and a velocity of a motor, whereby a reduced color registration error is accomplished.

Abstract: To restrict a period velocity change of a photoconductor that is an immediate cause of a color registration error, a gap change of a color registration error detection pattern caused by a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is acquired and a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is reduced based on a relationship between the gap change and a velocity of a motor, whereby a reduced color registration error is accomplished.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of first gate lines extended in a first direction and disposed on a substrate on which a plurality of pixels is disposed, a plurality of second gate line extended in a second direction to cross the first gate lines, a plurality of data lines disposed substantially parallel to the first gate lines, and a first insulating layer disposed between the first gate lines and the second gate lines and provided with a plurality of via holes to expose a portion of a corresponding first gate line of the first gate lines. Each of the first gate lines makes contact with a corresponding second gate line of the second gate lines through a corresponding via hole of the via holes.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes: a data line which extends in a column direction and transfers a data voltage; a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode connected to the data line and adjacent in a row direction; a first thin film transistor connected to the first pixel electrode and the data line, and including a first source electrode and a first drain electrode; and a second thin film transistor connected to the second pixel electrode and the data line, and including a second source electrode and a second drain electrode. The first pixel electrode is at the right of the data line, the second pixel electrode is at the left of the data line, and relative positions of the first source electrode and the first drain electrode are the same as relative positions of the second source electrode and the second drain electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a plurality of signal lines, a gate driver, and a sealant. The substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area. The signal lines are integrated with the substrate and include a clock signal line. The gate driver includes a stage located between the clock signal line and the display area. The stage is integrated with the substrate and is configured to apply a gate voltage to the display area. The sealant is distributed over part of the peripheral area. A seal region where the sealant is distributed includes a seal line, and the clock signal line is located within the seal line. The clock signal line is located further away from the stage than the other signal lines.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a data line, a gate line and a fan-out line. The data line is disposed in a display area of a base substrate and transfers a data signal to a switching element electrically connected to a pixel electrode. The gate line is disposed in the display area and transfers a gate signal to the switching element. The fan-out line is disposed in a peripheral area of the base substrate surrounding the display area, electrically connected to at least one of the data line and the gate line, and includes a plurality of conductive layers making contact with each other through a contact hole.

Abstract: The display panel includes an opposite substrate and an array substrate. The opposite substrate includes a first substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first wire electrode formed on the first surface, a first transparent electrode formed on the first surface and partially overlapping with the first wire electrode, and a common electrode formed on the second surface. The first wire on the first surface is formed before the first transparent electrode on the first surface. The array substrate includes a second substrate including a third surface facing the second surface, and a pixel layer formed on the third surface and facing the common electrode.

Abstract: To restrict a period velocity change of a photoconductor that is an immediate cause of a color registration error, a gap change of a color registration error detection pattern caused by a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is acquired and a linear velocity change of the photoconductor is reduced based on a relationship between the gap change and a velocity of a motor, whereby a reduced color registration error is accomplished.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming carbon nano tubes, a field emission display device having the carbon nanotubes formed using the method, and a method of manufacturing the field emission display device. The method of forming carbon nanotubes includes forming a catalytic metal layer on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the catalytic metal layer, and forming carbon nanotubes on the insulation layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming carbon nano tubes, a field emission display device having the carbon nanotubes formed using the method, and a method of manufacturing the field emission display device. The method of forming carbon nanotubes includes forming a catalytic metal layer on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the catalytic metal layer, and forming carbon nanotubes on the insulation layer.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming carbon nano tubes, a field emission display device having the carbon nanotubes formed using the method, and a method of manufacturing the field emission display device. The method of forming carbon nanotubes includes forming a catalytic metal layer on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the catalytic metal layer, and forming carbon nanotubes on the insulation layer.

Abstract: In an autonomous message transmission control system and method, a network management system including a management server stores whether an autonomous message is allowed to be received by at least one management client connected to a network element transmitting the autonomous message corresponding to a predetermined event when the event occurs. The network element transmits the autonomous message only to the management client permitted receipt of the autonomous message upon receipt of the autonomous message from the network element. Accordingly, when a generation inhibition command is issued on a specific autonomous message by an arbitrary management client, other management clients can actively select whether receipt of the autonomous message is permitted, so that more convenient and safer network management can be implemented.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming carbon nano tubes, a field emission display device having the carbon nanotubes formed using the method, and a method of manufacturing the field emission display device. The method of forming carbon nanotubes includes forming a catalytic metal layer on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the catalytic metal layer, and forming carbon nanotubes on the insulation layer.

Abstract: A field emitter having a high current density even at a low voltage using a carbon nanotube film, a method of manufacturing the same, and a field emission display device having the field emitter, are provided, The field emitter includes an insulating substrate. a thin film transistor formed on the insulating substrate, the thin film transistor having a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode, and an electron emitting unit formed of a carbon nanotube film on the drain electrode of the thin film transistor The thin film transistor can be a coplanar-type transistor, a stagger-type transistor, or an inverse stagger-type transistor. The surface of a portion of the drain electrode, which contacts the carbon nanotube film, contains catalytic metal which is transition metal such as nickel or cobalt. Alternatively, the drain electrode itself can be formed of catalytic metal for carbon nanotube growth.

Abstract: A carbon nanotip and method of fabrication, wherein a carbon nanotip includes a silicon-metal alloy (MexSi1-x) on a silicon substrate, a carbon graphite phase on the silicon-metal alloy and a nanotip.