Abstract: Disclosed are a memory device and an operating method thereof. The memory device includes a bitline sense amplifier connected to a bitline and a complementary bitline connected to a memory cell, and a sense amplifier driver circuit. The bitline sense amplifier senses and amplifies a voltage difference by developing a voltage of the bitline and a voltage of the complementary bitline. The sense amplifier driver circuit includes a pull-up circuit adjusting a level of a bitline low-level voltage developed by the bitline sense amplifier to be higher than a ground voltage in response to a first pull-up pulse, and a pull-down circuit adjusting the level of the bitline low level adjusted by the pull-up circuit to be equal to the ground voltage in response to a pull-down pulse. A pulse generator generates the first pull-up pulse and the pull-down pulse based on a command received from a host.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery pack including a housing unit configured to receive a battery cell therein, the housing unit including: a first housing including a first contact surface; and a second housing including a second contact surface opposite the first contact surface, wherein, the first housing and the second housing are coupled in a state in which the first contact surface and the second contact surface are in contact with each other and pressed against each other, a first support provided on an outer surface of the first housing, the first support configured to contact a first pressing module that that is configured to press the first housing toward the second housing, and a second support provided on an outer surface of the second housing, the second support configured to contact a second pressing module that is configured to press the second housing toward the first housing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device including: a display panel configured to display an image of a series of frames based on input image data; a light source configured to emit light to the display panel; a light source driver configured to supply a driving signal to the light source so that the light source can emit light; and a processor configured to detect a brightness change of a first frame of image data input to the display panel, make the light source driver supply a driving signal having a first frequency to the light source when the brightness change is lower than a predetermined boundary value, and make the light source driver supply a driving signal having a second frequency lower than the first frequency to the light source when the brightness change is higher than the boundary value. Thus, it is possible to decrease a flicker that occurs when the liquid crystal display device is driven with a PWM signal, i.e. an impulse signal for reducing a motion blur.

Abstract: To reduce structure noise, input data representing an input structure is obtained and boundary conditions are set by classifying data of each of multiple structure elements of the input data as a signal component or a noise component. A smoothing operation is performed with respect to the input data and based on the boundary conditions. Output data representing an output structure is provided by reducing noise from the input structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resource-recycling type method and apparatus for treating industrial wastewater using an oxidizing agent produced from wastewater, wherein, in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing nitrogen compounds and refractory COD-causing pollutants, an oxidizing agent is autonomously produced using ammonia gas stripped from wastewater and is then added back to the wastewater, thus economically treating the wastewater without the need to purchase an expensive oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a color selector configured to select a preferred color corresponding to at least one among a main target and a sub-target determined in an image based on color distribution; a color converter configured to perform color conversion by setting a degree of color conversion of at least one among the main target and the sub-target and converting a color of the at least one among the main target and the sub-target in the image based on the set degree of color conversion; and a controller configured to display the color-converted image via a display panel.

Abstract: A semiconductor process simulation method includes classifying a semiconductor process simulation into a plurality of blocks based on an annealing simulation, performing a shape simulation corresponding to a block selected from the plurality of blocks, and performing at least two ion implantation simulations among a plurality of ion implantation simulations corresponding to the selected block in parallel, based on result data of the shape simulation corresponding to the selected block.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device including: a display panel configured to display an image of a series of frames based on input image data; a light source configured to emit light to the display panel; a light source driver configured to supply a driving signal to the light source so that the light source can emit light; and a processor configured to detect a brightness change of a first frame of image data input to the display panel, make the light source driver supply a driving signal having a first frequency to the light source when the brightness change is lower than a predetermined boundary value, and make the light source driver supply a driving signal having a second frequency lower than the first frequency to the light source when the brightness change is higher than the boundary value. Thus, it is possible to decrease a flicker that occurs when the liquid crystal display device is driven with a PWM signal, i.e. an impulse signal for reducing a motion blur.

Abstract: To reduce structure noise, input data representing an input structure is obtained and boundary conditions are set by classifying data of each of multiple structure elements of the input data as a signal component or a noise component. A smoothing operation is performed with respect to the input data and based on the boundary conditions. Output data representing an output structure is provided by reducing noise from the input structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a shifting apparatus for a vehicle which includes a transmission realizing series of multi shift stages so that shift stages are sequentially increased as shift ratios are decreased. The shifting apparatus may include a shift limit means designating a lowest shift stage having a largest shift ratio to a shift stage for climbing and limiting so that a driver may select the shift stage for climbing in an only case that the vehicle satisfies a predetermined climbing condition; a gradient angle sensor for measuring a climb gradient of the vehicle; a vehicle speed sensor for measuring a vehicle speed; and a controller determining the climbing condition based on signals of the gradient angle sensor and the vehicle speed sensor so as to control the shift limit means.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a shifting apparatus for a vehicle which includes a transmission realizing series of multi shift stages so that shift stages are sequentially increased as shift ratios are decreased. The shifting apparatus may include a shift limit means designating a lowest shift stage having a largest shift ratio to a shift stage for climbing and limiting so that a driver may select the shift stage for climbing in an only case that the vehicle satisfies a predetermined climbing condition; a gradient angle sensor for measuring a climb gradient of the vehicle; a vehicle speed sensor for measuring a vehicle speed; and a controller determining the climbing condition based on signals of the gradient angle sensor and the vehicle speed sensor so as to control the shift limit means.

Abstract: A semiconductor process simulation method includes classifying a semiconductor process simulation into a plurality of blocks based on an annealing simulation, performing a shape simulation corresponding to a block selected from the plurality of blocks, and performing at least two ion implantation simulations among a plurality of ion implantation simulations corresponding to the selected block in parallel, based on result data of the shape simulation corresponding to the selected block.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a color selector configured to select a preferred color corresponding to at least one among a main target and a sub-target determined in an image based on color distribution; a color converter configured to perform color conversion by setting a degree of color conversion of at least one among the main target and the sub-target and converting a color of the at least one among the main target and the sub-target in the image based on the set degree of color conversion; and a controller configured to display the color-converted image via a display panel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resource-recycling type method and apparatus for treating industrial wastewater using an oxidizing agent produced from wastewater, wherein, in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing nitrogen compounds and refractory COD-causing pollutants, an oxidizing agent is autonomously produced using ammonia gas stripped from wastewater and is then added back to the wastewater, thus economically treating the wastewater without the need to purchase an expensive oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method of driving backlight of a display apparatus and the display apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating a control pulse configured to drive a backlight unit, the control pulse including: a first high pulse section configured to turn on the backlight unit; and an afterimage removal section configured to remove a frame afterimage; and inputting the control pulse into the backlight unit to alternately turn on and off the backlight unit, wherein the afterimage removal section comprises at least one second high pulse section having smaller duty than duty of the first high pulse section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device comprises forming a thin layer structure by alternately stacking first and second material layers on a substrate, forming a penetration dent penetrating the thin layer structure and exposing a top surface of the substrate recessed by the penetration dent, forming a vertical insulation layer penetrating the thin layer structure to cover an inner wall of the penetration dent, forming a semiconductor pattern penetrating the vertical insulation layer at the penetration dent to be inserted into the substrate, and forming an oxide layer between the thin layer structure and the substrate by oxidizing a sidewall of the penetration dent.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a display method for displaying an image. The display method includes: receiving image frames; detecting motion values of front and back image ones of the received image frames; analyzing the detected motion values to determine whether a scene change occurs each preset time unit; and adjusting a brightness value of an image frame to be displayed according to whether the scene change occurs. Therefore, the display apparatus improves a loss of a contrast ratio occurring when varying a brightness of an image frame of each fraction in an occurrence of a scene change and improves a viewing visual brightness.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device comprises forming a thin layer structure by alternately stacking first and second material layers on a substrate, forming a penetration dent penetrating the thin layer structure and exposing a top surface of the substrate recessed by the penetration dent, forming a vertical insulation layer penetrating the thin layer structure to cover an inner wall of the penetration dent, forming a semiconductor pattern penetrating the vertical insulation layer at the penetration dent to be inserted into the substrate, and forming an oxide layer between the thin layer structure and the substrate by oxidizing a sidewall of the penetration dent.

Abstract: A method of driving backlight of a display apparatus and the display apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating a control pulse configured to drive a backlight unit, the control pulse including: a first high pulse section configured to turn on the backlight unit; and an afterimage removal section configured to remove a frame afterimage; and inputting the control pulse into the backlight unit to alternately turn on and off the backlight unit, wherein the afterimage removal section comprises at least one second high pulse section having smaller duty than duty of the first high pulse section.

Abstract: A method and a system for correcting an engine torque based on a vehicle load may include: determining whether a vehicle load determination condition is satisfied continuously for a predetermined maintaining time, determining an average engine torque for the predetermined maintaining time if the vehicle load determination condition is satisfied continuously, determining whether the average engine torque is larger than a predetermined engine torque, determining a ratio of the average engine torque and the predetermined engine torque if the average engine torque is larger than the predetermined engine torque, determining a correction factor using the ratio of the average engine torque and the predetermined engine torque, and determining the engine torque using the correction factor and a predetermined normal torque filter.