Abstract: Provided are a Raman amplifier and a Raman pumping method. A light source unit outputs a pumping light having a wavelength that periodically changes. A light intensity control unit varies a light intensity of the pumping light using the pumping light to improve the gain flatness of a Raman gain. A control unit directs the light intensity control unit to control the light intensity of the pumping light in synchronization with changes in the wavelength of the pumping light.

Abstract: A computing system includes a buffer memory configured to temporarily store data intended for storage in an external storage device and a processing unit configured to selectively invalidate data stored in the buffer memory and to control transfer of data from the buffer memory to the external storage device responsive to the selective invalidation. In some embodiments, for example, the processing unit may be configured to manage write state information of the temporarily stored data and to update the write state information according to information related to the temporarily stored data. The processing unit may be configured to control the buffer memory and the external storage according to the write state information so that at least a part of the temporarily stored data is not written in the external storage.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a buffer oxide film on a substrate; a polysilicon layer on the buffer oxide film; a silicon oxy-nitride (SiON) layer on the polysilicon layer, a first insulator layer on the SiON layer, a nitride film on the first insulator, a second insulator layer on the nitride film, an electrode on the second insulator, and a source/drain in the polysilicon layer.

Abstract: An LCD and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The LCD includes first and second substrates defined by a display region and a non-display region, and spaced a predetermined interval apart from each other. The LCD further comprises a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates, a conductive part formed on at least one side of the first substrate corresponding to the non-display region. The conductive part has a first dummy pattern formed of metal identical to that of a gate line in the display region. The LCD then comprises a common electrode formed on the second substrate, and a conductive thread pattern that electrically connects the common electrode and the conductive part, and attaches the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A system, medium, and method for controlling an operation according to movement. A movement model can be generated based on at least one movement and stored corresponding to a predetermined operation. Movement input by a user may then be compared with the stored movement model, and the predetermined operation can be controlled according to the comparison result. The system may include an inertial sensor sensing movement, a movement probability distribution maker making a probability distribution of movement using stored movement models, a movement comparator determining similarity between a movement model and a movement sensed by the inertial sensor using the probability distribution, and an output unit outputting a operation control signal stored corresponding to a movement model according to a determination result made by the movement comparator.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrode of an external electrode fluorescent lamp (EEFL) includes plating nickel on both ends of a glass tube through an electroless nickel plating process and forming electrodes by dipping the glass tube into an electrode material including zinc, and tin or lead.

Abstract: In a plasma display device, a plurality of row electrodes are divided into first and second row electrode groups, and the respective first and second row electrode groups are divided into a plurality of sub-groups. In respective subfields of one field, an operation of an address period is performed for the respective sub-groups of the first and second row electrode groups, and an operation of a sustain period is performed between the address periods of the respective sub-groups. In addition, the operation of the address period is performed for the respective sub-groups of the second row electrode group while the operation of the sustain period is performed for the respective sub-groups of the first row electrode group, and the operation of the sustain period is performed for the respective sub-groups of the first row electrode group while the operation of the address period is performed for the respective sub-groups of the second row electrode group.

Abstract: A plasma display device is driven by dividing a plurality of row electrodes into first and second row groups. A first row group of electrodes are dividedinto a plurality of first sub-groups, and a second row group of row electrodes are divided into a plurality of second sub-groups. During a first subfield of a first group of subfields, non-light emitting cells are selected from light emitting cells of a first sub-groups and light emitting cells of a second sub-groups are sustain-discharged during a first period. In addition, during the first subfield, the non-light emitting cells are selected from the second sub-group, and the light emitting cells of a first sub-group are sustain-discharged during a second period. With such an operation, a length of one subfield can be reduced because another row group is sustain-discharged while one row group is being selected as the non-emitting cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are multilayered liposomes for transdermal absorption and a method of preparing the liposomes. The multilayered liposomes are prepared using a mixture of oil-phase components comprising squalane, sterols, ceramides, neutral lipids or oils, fatty acids and lecithins, is 200 to 5000 nm in particle size, and is capable of entrapping a physiologically active substance. The multilayered liposomes entrap a larger amount of a physiologically active substance and are structurally stable when encapsulating the physiologically active substance, compared to unilamellar liposomes. Also, they are prepared by a simple and cost-effective process not using a high-pressure homogenizer but using a general homo mixer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a portable device. An apparatus for controlling a portable device includes: a touch sensor which comprises at least one touch cell which is chosen by a touch of a user; a first calculation unit which calculates a first probability value while taking dependency relationships among the chosen at least one touch cell into consideration; a second calculation unit which calculates a second probability value without taking the dependency relationships among the chosen at least one touch cell into consideration; a determination unit which determines whether a current touch cell combination of the chosen at least one touch cell is a registered touch cell combination or an unregistered touch cell combination with reference to the first probability value and the second probability value; and an output unit which outputs a function execution signal according to the results of the determining.

Abstract: A system and method for providing an online community service is disclosed. The online community provision system includes a played-content information provision server, a client and a community server. The played-content information provision server provides played-content information about digital content. The client selects digital content through a user, requests played-content information about the selected digital content from the played-content information provision server, and receives the played-content information. The community server provides an online community service corresponding to user preferences based on the played-content information to the client at the request of the client.

Abstract: A cassette assembly and a method of manufacturing fluorescent lamps using the cassette assembly are provided. The cassette assembly includes a housing defining a process chamber and having a plurality of holes in which glass tubes for the fluorescent lamps are inserted to communicate with the chamber, a carrying unit including two or more porous plates through which the glass tubes are fitted, a plurality of ring members disposed on the porous plates to preliminarily fix the glass tubes to the carrying unit by allowing the outer circumferences of the glass tubes to contact, and a locking unit for changing the glass tubes from the preliminary fixing status to a lockup status by varying contact pressure applied between the ring members and the glass tubes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for directly writing multimedia data onto a digital device are provided. The method includes sensing multimedia data written on a storage medium; displaying a user interface screen to display the multimedia data and a folder for a digital device; receiving a command to write the multimedia data in the folder; converting the multimedia data to a format which is playable by the digital device; and writing the converted data in the folder. The apparatus includes a sense unit which senses multimedia data written on a storage medium; a display unit which displays a user interface screen; an input unit which provides input in the form of a command to write the multimedia data in a folder; and a converting and writing unit which converts the multimedia data to a format which is playable by the digital device and writes the converted multimedia data in the folder.

Abstract: A slide module of a portable terminal that provides relative sliding movement in longitudinal and transverse directions between a first body and a second body. The portable terminal includes a first body, a second body positioned facing the first body, and a slide module provided between the first body and the second body to guide the first body in sliding movement in longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the second body. The slide module includes a first slide member fixed to the first body, a second slide member fixed to the second body, and a guide unit provided between the first slide member and the second slide member to guide the first slide member in sliding movement in longitudinal and transverse directions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an IgG Fc fragment useful as a drug carrier. Also, the present invention discloses a recombinant vector expressing the IgG Fc fragment, a transformant transformed with the recombinant vector, and a method of preparing an IgG Fc fragment, comprising culturing the transformant. When conjugated to a certain drug, the IgG Fc fragment improves the in vivo duration of action of the drug and minimizes the in vivo activity reduction of the drug.

Abstract: A thermal image forming apparatus is provided adapted to form images on both sides of a recording medium. The thermal image forming apparatus includes an image forming part having a recording head for forming an image on the recording medium and a support member facing the recording head and supporting the recording medium with respect to the recording head. The recording medium has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. A position changing unit rotates the recording head around a shaft of the support member to move the recording head to first and second locations respectively facing the first and second sides of the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus using a thermal printing head (TPH) and a printing method thereof to print a borderless image on both sides of a printing medium. The image forming apparatus includes first and second feeding units respectively disposed at front and rear sides of the TPH to transfer the printing medium at a predetermined printing speed and a pair of out-feed rollers that co-rotates and feeds out the printing medium, in which one of the out-feed rollers rotates in contact with the pick-up roller. A platen roller co-rotates in contact with the printing medium fed by the first and second feeding units The TPH has a printing position in which the TPH is pressed towards the platen roller to form a printing nip, and an open position in which the TPH is separated from the platen roller. The knock-up plate has a pick-up position where the printing medium comes in contact with the pick-up roller and a stand-by position where the printing medium loaded thereon is separated from the pick-up roller.

Abstract: In an address driving circuit including a power recovery circuit, an energy charged in an external capacitor is established to be greater than an energy discharged from the external capacitor. As a result, a voltage of the external capacitor is increased to an address voltage to automatically stop a power recovery operation in the case of displaying a full white pattern. Further, to perform the power recovery operation in the cases of the dot on/off pattern and the line on/off pattern, the voltage of the external capacitor reaches an equilibrium state between the half the address voltage and the address voltage.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus capable of improving printing speed and image quality. The image forming apparatus includes a print head having a plurality of heaters for heating a printing medium and a driving chip unit for selectively driving the heaters according to printing data. Also included is a feeding unit that transfers the printing medium to the print head. The driving chip unit has a first preheating part for preheating the printing medium before the printing medium is directly heated by the heaters.

Abstract: In a method of resetting a plasma display panel including a front substrate and a rear substrate separated from each other and facing each other, in which a first electrode line and second display electrode line are formed parallel to each other on the front substrate and address electrode lines are formed perpendicular to the first electrode line and the second display electrode lines, a voltage applied to the first display electrode lines is gradually increased up to a first voltage. Then, a voltage applied to the second display electrode lines is gradually increased up to a second voltage higher than the first voltage while the voltage applied to the first display electrode lines is gradually increased up to a third voltage lower than the first voltage. The voltage applied to the first display electrode lines is maintained at the first voltage while the voltage applied to the second display electrode lines is gradually decreased down to a fourth voltage lower than the third voltage.