Abstract: Digital halftoning processes for producing a halftone image include, for each pixel in the image: indexing a two-dimensional look up table using a position of the pixel, identifying a threshold value for the pixel from the two-dimensional look up table, creating an index that indexes a three-dimensional lookup table using the threshold value and the position of the pixel, and obtaining an output value for the pixel from the three-dimensional look up table via the index. The digital halftoning processes also produce a halftone representation of the image from output values for corresponding pixels.

Abstract: A method for managing shared passwords on a multi-user computer system is disclosed. A set of shared passwords and an administrator internal key are initially generated. After the receipt of an administrator external key, the administrator internal key is encrypted with the administrator external key. For each user level within the computer system, an internal key is generated by hashing the administrator internal key. For each user level within the computer system, each of the shared passwords encrypted with a respective one of the internal keys. The internal keys and the encrypted shared passwords are then stored in a non-volatile storage device.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a magnesium alloy having high strength and sufficient formability. A magnesium alloy mainly contains magnesium and has high tensile strength and high compression strength. The crystal grain structure of the alloy has a high angle grain boundary, and the inside of the crystal grain surrounded by the high angle grain boundary is composed of subgrains.

Abstract: The manufacturability of a lithographic mask employed in fabricating instances of a semiconductor device is determined. Target edge pairs are selected from mask layout data of the lithographic mask to determine a manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask. The mask layout data includes polygons, where each polygon has edges, and where each target edge pair is defined by two of the edges of one or more of the polygons. The number of the target edge pairs is reduced to decrease computational volume in determining the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask, including the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask, is determined based on the target edge pairs as reduced in number. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is output. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is dependent on the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask.

Abstract: The manufacturability of a lithographic mask employed in fabricating instances of a semiconductor device is determined. Target edge pairs are selected from mask layout data of the lithographic mask, for determining a manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask. The mask layout data includes polygons, where each polygon has a number of edges. Each target edge pair is defined by two of the edges of one or more of the polygons. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask, including the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask, is determined. Determining the manufacturing penalty is based on the target edge pairs as selected. Determining the manufacturability of the lithographic mask uses continuous derivatives characterizing the manufacturability of the lithographic mask on a continuous scale. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is output. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is dependent on the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask.

Abstract: The manufacturability of a lithographic mask employed in fabricating instances of a semiconductor device is determined. Target edges are selected from mask layout data of the lithographic mask. The mask layout data includes polygons distributed over cells, where each polygon has edges. The cells include a center cell, two vertical cells above and below the center cell, and two horizontal cells to the left and right of the center cell. Target edge pairs are selected for determining a manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask, in a manner that decreases the computational volume in determining the manufacturing penalty. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask, including the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask, is determined based on the target edge pairs selected. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is output. The manufacturability of the lithographic mask is dependent on the manufacturing penalty in making the lithographic mask.

Abstract: A method of rolling a material in two more continuous passes is disclosed. The method includes rolling the material with a flattened-shaped caliber in a first pass, and subsequently rolling with a square-shaped caliber in a second pass. The rolling is performed with a first pass caliber having a flattened shape, wherein the ratio of the length (2A01) of minor axis of the first pass caliber to an initial width (2A0) is (A01/A0)?0.75; and a second pass caliber, wherein the ratio of a diagonal dimension (2AS1) of the second pass caliber to the length (2B1) of the major axis of the material after the first pass is (AS1/B1)?0.75 to introduce the large strain into the material.

Abstract: There are provided a steel for warm working, to be subjected to warm working as various structures, components of cars, and the like, a warm working method thereof, and a steel material and a steel component obtainable from the warm working method. [Solving Means] A steel is to have a particle dispersion type fiber structure formed in the matrix by warm working. The steel is characterized in that the total amount of the dispersed second-phase particles at room temperature is 7×10?3 or more in terms of volume fraction, and the Vickers hardness (HV) is equal to or larger than the hardness H of the following equation (2): H=(5.2?1.2×10?4?)×102??(2) when the steel is subjected to any of annealing, tempering, and aging treatments in the as-unworked state under conditions such that a parameter ? expressed by the following equation (1): ?=T(log t+20)(T; temperature(K), t; time(hr))??(1) is 1.4×104 or more in a prescribed temperature range of 350° C. or more and Ac1 point or less.

Abstract: There is provided an ultrahigh strength steel sheet containing 0.10 to 0.40 mass % of C, 0.01 to 3.5 mass % of Cr, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.10 to 2.0 mass % of Mo, 0.20 to 1.5 mass % of W, 0.002 to 1.0 mass % of V, 0.002 to 1.0 mass % of Ti and 0.005 to 1.0 mass % of Nb, 0.02 mass % or less of P and 0.01 mass % or less of S as impurities and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities based on the total mass of the steel sheet and having a base structure of lower bainite, a prior austenite grain size of 30 ?m or smaller and a tensile strength of 980 MPa or higher. There is also provided an automotive strength part using the ultrahigh strength steel sheet.

Abstract: In a steel plate having tensile strength of 1 GPa or more at the normal temperature, the steel plate is made, stress decrement (SD) after uniform elongation in the stress-strain diagram obtained by using a tabular specimen of which is not less than 1.8×102 MPa, yield ratio (YR) of which is preferably not lower than 0.7, further preferably not lower than 0.8, and matrix structure of which is composed of martensite or bainite, or mixture of martensite and bainite substantially without proeutectoid ferrite, whereby the tough-ductility is improved on a practically utilizable level, and the steel plate becomes possible to be supplied in large quantities by winding up into a coil.

Abstract: A raster-imaging processing (RIP) time is predicted for each of a number of pages to be printed in printed-page number order. The pages are sorted based at least on when RIP should be finished for each page. The pages are dispatched to RIP components for RIP at least substantially in an order in which the pages have been sorted. Each page is dispatched to a next RIP component that is available. A RIP component is available for a given page to be dispatched thereto where a total size of the RIP component's output buffer minus space within this output buffer taken up by any pages ordered after the given page in the printed-page number order is greater than the needed space to store the given page. The pages as have been raster-image processed are retrieved from the output buffers in the printed-page number order and transmitted to a printing device.

Abstract: A method for performing a domain logon to a computer network is disclosed. A secure storage area containing user identification information and domain password information corresponding to the user identification information is provided. In response to a receipt of a user-entered user identification and a user-entered domain password by a first module of a Windows® operating system, the domain password information stored in the secure storage area and the corresponding user identification information are written to a registry of the Windows® operating system. Authentication for domain logon is then performed by a second module of the Windows® operating system based on the received domain password and the domain password information written to the registry of the Windows® operating system. After the authentication, the domain password information is subsequently removed by the first module of the Windows® operating system from the registry of the Windows® operating system.

Abstract: A method for managing shared passwords on a multi-user computer system is disclosed. A set of shared passwords and an administrator internal key are initially generated. After the receipt of an administrator external key, the administrator internal key is encrypted with the administrator external key. For each user level within the computer system, an internal key is generated by hashing the administrator internal key. For each user level within the computer system, each of the shared passwords encrypted with a respective one of the internal keys. The internal keys and the encrypted shared passwords are then stored in a non-volatile storage device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for securely inputting highly confidential information, exchanging the information via a network, and securely reflecting the information in a computer, without the information being stolen by malicious software. Upon a transfer of encrypted information from a server to a computer, the transferred information is stored in a memory of the computer and the computer is switched to a suspended state and immediately thereafter returns-to the previous state to be shifted to under the control of a BIOS. The information stored in the memory is decrypted and processed there. Processing information generated based on the processed information is then encrypted and it is transferred to the server after the computer is switched to under the control of the operating system.

Abstract: A feature of the present invention includes a device having a display controller for controlling a display position of the pointer on the display screen, a displacement detector for detecting a displacement of the device itself, and a pointer mover for moving the pointer on the display screen based on the detected displacement of the device itself.

Abstract: A method of rolling with a flattened-shaped caliber in a 1st pass and subsequently roiling with a square-shaped caliber in a 2nd pass In a caliber rolling of two or more continuous passes. The rolling is performed with a caliber which sets the ratio of the minor axis (2A01) of a 1st pass flattened to a material opposite side dimension (2A0) to A01/A0?0.75 and the ratio of a 2nd pass vertical diagonal dimension 2As1 to the major axis 2B1 of a material after the 1st pass to As1/B1?0.75 to introduce the large strain into the material. Thus, the effect of the distribution of strain introduced into the material in the 1st pass on the distribution of strain and the shape of the next pass is made clear so that the large strain can be introduced into the entire cross sectional are of the material, particularly at the center of the material.

Abstract: A multi-directional warm-rolling method for manufacturing an ultrafine grain steel material with an ultrafine grain structure of 3 ?m or smaller in average grain size. When roiling of two passes or more is performed for a steel material in the rolling temperature range of 350 to 800° C., a rolling by an oval shape caliber and a rolling by the other shape caliber an performed at leas one time so that a large amount of strain can be introduced into the material by a simple means with less section reduction ratio and less number of passes. Steel materials having the ultrafine grain structure and excellent strength and ductility can be manufactured by this method.

Abstract: The constitution of the subject invention provides a new input/output apparatus that adds or complements the functions of PC mainframe when connected with PC mainframe, and operates in the same manner as a conventional PDA when detached from the PC mainframe. The input/output apparatus operates either independently or operates in concert with the PC mainframe under the conditions housed in the PC mainframe. The input/output apparatus of this invention comprises the display screen consisting of touch panels etc., display screen visible from outside even when the lid of the PC mainframe is closed, port used to exchange data when housed in the PC mainframe, and transmitter/receiver used for radio communication.

Abstract: A delayed fracture is effectively prevented by appropriately setting a shape and working stress, and working environment of a high strength member having more than 1,000 MPa of tensile strength. For this end, the relationship between a maximum value of diffusible hydrogen contents of unfailed specimens (Hc) and Weibull stress are found and the content of diffusible hydrogen entered into steel from the environment due to corrosion during the use of the steel member (He) is also found. Then, Weibull stress in the Hc that is equal to the He is found, thus determining the shape and working stress of the steel member so as to provide stress below the Weibull stress.

Abstract: A delayed fracture is effectively prevented by appropriately setting a shape and working stress, and working environment of a high strength member having more than 1,000 MPa of tensile strength. For this end, the relationship between a maximum value of diffusible hydrogen contents of unfailed specimens (Hc) and Weibull stress are found and the content of diffusible hydrogen entered into steel from the environment due to corrosion during the use of the steel member (He) is also found. Then, Weibull stress in the Hc that is equal to the He is found, thus determining the shape and working stress of the steel member so as to provide stress below the Weibull stress.