Abstract: A film resistor for a flow measuring apparatus including: a substrate; a first insulating layer on the substrate; a platinum (Pt) pattern on the first insulating layer; and a second insulating layer on the platinum pattern. A titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) layer is provided between each of the first and second insulating layers and the platinum pattern.

Abstract: An antiglare mirror for an automobile including a metal layer for reflecting incident light and a liquid crystal layer in front of the reflecting surface of the metal layer. The reflected light is colored by forming a transparent dielectric layer on the reflecting surface of the metal layer. The transparent dielectric layer has a higher refractivity than that of the liquid crystal layer. A desired color tone is obtained by selecting the thickness of the transparent dielectric layer.

Abstract: A small-sized spark plug for internal combustion engines is disclosed which is composed of a center electrode having a shaft portion surrounded by an insulator layer and a terminal end portion adapted to act as a spark generation portion; and an earthed electrode having a terminal end portion which is spaced apart from and is opposite to the terminal end portion of the center electrode so that a spark gap is defined along a surface of the insulator layer. The shortest distance .delta. (mm) between each end portion of the two electrodes and the surface of the insulation layer and the distance l between the forward end portions of the two electrodes have the following relationship:.delta..gtoreq.0.25 l, and 0.8 mm.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.2.0 mm.A recessed portion may be provided on the surface of the insulation layer.

Abstract: A gas-flow measuring apparatus including a semiconductor chip and a sensing circuit. The semiconductor chip includes an electric heater and two temperature-detecting elements. One of the temperature-detecting elements is located closer to the heater than the other. The sensing circuit generates voltage in response to the flow rate of gas flowing through a gas passage.

Abstract: An air cleaner using an ionic wind having discharge electrodes, a counter electrode arranged downstream of the discharge electrodes, and first and second parallel plate electrodes arranged alternately downstream of the counter electrode. The second parallel plate electrodes are connected to a potential pick-up electrode arranged in the vicinity of the discharge electrodes. The first and second parallel plate electrodes which are arranged alternately serve as dust collecting electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor type flow rate detecting apparatus having first and second control units arranged at upstream and downstream positions respectively in a flow stream to be measured and an operation circuit. The first control unit includes a first temperature detecting element and a first temperature control heater. The second control unit includes a second temperature detecting element, a second temperature control heater and a preliminary heater. The operation circuit controls the second and preliminary heaters and generates a signal indicative of flow rate. The operation circuit has a constant power consumption circuit to control heat from the preliminary heater to a constant level.

Abstract: In a semiconductor-type flow rate detecting apparatus, a casing arranged in the fluid path includes first and second semiconductor chips. The first semiconductor chip has a first temperature detector. The second semiconductor chip arranged in proximity to the first semiconductor chip has a heater and a second temperature detector.

Abstract: In a photo-electric smoke detector device, a first photo-detector receives the light emitted from a light emitter and scattered by smoke, and a second photo-detector directly receives the light emitted from the light emitter. The second photo-detector has an element surface on which trimmed electrodes are arranged. The electrodes of the second detector act to limit the amount of light emitted from the light emitter and transmitted to the elements of the second detector.

Abstract: A machine oil deterioration detection apparatus having a copper thin film resistor formed on an electrically insulating holding member and immersed in a machine oil. The copper thin film resistor is corroded by acid produced in accordance with deterioration of the machine oil, thus changing the resistance of the resistor. The change in resistance is detected by a detection circuit, connected to the thin film resistor, for detecting the resistance of the thin film resistor.

Abstract: A reflecting mirror for use as a rearview mirror in an automobile, the mirror having a plurality of thin layers arranged on a glass plate. One of the layers is made of a transparent dielectric material having a refractive index which is not less than a refractive index of WO.sub.2 and the other is made of a metal material having a reflecting factor ranging between 50-70%. The light introduced into the mirror is reflected at different borders formed in the mirror between the layers so as to provide lights of different phases. Therefore, there is an interference, and, consequently, the mirror provides a certain selected tone in accordance with the value of the optical thickness of the transparent dielectric layer, resulting in an anti-glare effect and a deep color.

Abstract: An air cleaning apparatus having an electrical dust collecting section has discharge electrodes, electrical field forming electrodes arranged parallel to the flow of charged particles, and dust collecting electrodes each of which is arranged between corresponding two adjacent electrical field forming electrodes to be parallel thereto. One high voltage power source is arranged to generate a potential difference between the discharge electrodes and the dust collecting electrodes. Another high voltage power source is arranged to generate a potential difference between the electrical field forming electrodes and the dust collecting electrodes. Negative electrodes consisting of either the electrical field forming electrodes or the dust collecting electrodes are covered by insulator members.

Abstract: An air cleaner has a discharge electrode member, an intermediate electrode member, and a counter electrode member disposed opposed and spaced apart from each other. A voltage source is connected between the discharge member and the intermediate member for generating ionic wind. A further voltage source is connected between the intermediate member and the counter member for accelerating the ionic wind such that the gradient direction of the electric field between the discharge member and the intermediate member is identical to that between the intermediate member and the counter member.

Abstract: A reflecting mirror for use as a rearview mirror in an automobile, the mirror having a plurality of thin layers arranged on a glass substratum plate. One of the layers is made so that it has an electric resistance, a pair of electrodes being connected thereto. An electric current is applied in order to generate heat to remove cloudiness or frost on the reflecting surface of the mirror. The mirror may also have a heat wave-reflecting layer for reflecting heat waves from the electric resistance layer.

Abstract: A direct-heated gas-flow measuring apparatus for a passage including a plurality of film resistors, disposed within the passage, for generating heat and measuring the temperature thereof, and a feedback control circuit for controlling the heat generated by the film resistors so that the temperature of each of the film resistors is a predetermined value. The feedback control circuit generates a plurality of output signals corresponding to voltages applied to the film resistors. A mean value for the plurality of output signals is calculated as the amount of gas-flow rate.

Abstract: In a knocking detection system for an internal combustion engine, a knocking is detected by a vibration sensor the output level of which is changed by controlling the sensor excitation current. The excitation current is controlled in dependence upon the output of the sensor, engine speed or load conditions or the like so that the output noise level of the sensor is maintained substantially constant regardless of engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A heat-blocking glass comprising: a first layer of infrared rays-blocking film of any thickness formed on a substrate; a plurality of intermediate layers from a second to a (2n+2)th layer (n: positive integral) stacked on said first layer, the optical thickness of each intermediate layer being .lambda./4 (.lambda.: design wavelength); and an uppermost (+3)th layer of a .lambda./8 optical thickness. The refractive index of the first layer is smaller than the refractive index of the second layer. The refractive index of each layer from the second layer to the uppermost layer is arranged so that high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers are alternately stacked, the second layer being disposed as a high-refractive-index layer.

Abstract: A device for the detection of ignition misfire in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. A pressure detector detects changes in the combustion pressure of the engine, and a timing detector calculates a reference angular position of the engine. An ignition/misfire detection unit detects occurrences of ignition/misfire. The detection unit compares the output of the pressure detector with predetermined positive and negative reference voltages, and produces signals when these thresholds are passed. The period of a signal produced from the point of positive value detection to the negative value detection is counted and another period which is double the period from the generation of the positive value to the signal from the timing detector unit is counted. These two signals are then compared against one another, using a predetermined program, to detect if ignition or misfire has occurred in the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A device for detection of knocking in a diesel engine has a pressure sensor including a piezoelectric element and detecting a rate of change in combustion pressure, an angle sensor for detecting the rotation of the engine or engine speed, and a knocking detector for receiving outputs from the pressure and angle sensors. The knocking detector serves to detect a rate of change in combustion pressure per unit angle upon necessary correction by the engine speed and to compare the obtained rate with a reference rate of 5 atm/deg, at which knocking occurs. Knocking is detected when the detected rate exceeds the reference rate.

Abstract: A heat-reflection film comprising:a first layer formed on a base plate, the optical thickness of the first layer being approximately .lambda./8 or 3.lambda./8, in which .lambda. is the designed wavelength;a plurality of intermediate layers from a second layer to a (2n+2)th layer, in which n is a positive integral number, the optical thickness of each intermediate layer being .lambda./4; andan uppermost (2n+3)th layer, the optical thickness of which is approximately .lambda./8,wherein n.sub.g <n.sub.1 <n.sub.2, in which n.sub.g is the refractive index of the base plate, n.sub.1 is the refractive index of the first layer, and n.sub.2 is the refractive index of the second layer, the layers formed above the first layer being arranged in such a manner that high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers are alternately stacked, the second layer being arranged as a high refractive index layer.

Abstract: A device for detecting an abnormality in a pressure detector in an internal combustion engine. This device includes a piezoelectric pressure detector, a timing detection unit, a selective connection unit, and an abnormality detection unit. The abnormality detection unit includes a capacitor connected to an oscillation circuit, and the piezoelectric pressure detector is connected in parallel with the series connection of the oscillation circuit and the capacitor.