Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a multilayered chip power inductor by forming a laminate body having upper and lower sides by laminating magnetic sheets, forming an inner hollow by punching out a middle part of said laminate body, inserting a magnetic core into the inner hollow, where an electrical conductive coil is wound into said inner hollow, laminating a first copper clad magnetic sheet onto the upper and lower sides of said laminate body having the magnetic core in the inner hollow as a land layer having upper and lower sides, forming a land by etching said land layer, forming a hole by drilling the land, plating the hole formed in the land, laminating a second copper clad magnetic sheet as a terminal layer onto upper and lower sides of the land layer having the land, forming a terminal by etching the terminal layer, forming a hole by drilling the terminal, and plating the hole.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain system includes a battery and at least one controller. The at least one controller is configured to determine instantaneous battery power limits during operation of the system using filtered battery voltage signals and current input signals. The at least one controller is further configured to separate medium-to-high frequency dynamics of the measured battery voltage. The filtering process, in certain examples, is realized using a low pass filter or a high pass filter. The at least one controller is further configured to correlate the medium-to-high frequency loads to estimate battery parameters and determine battery dynamics using, in one example, an Extended Kalman Filter.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain system includes a battery and at least one controller. The at least one controller is configured to determine instantaneous battery power limits during operation of the system using filtered battery voltage signals and current input signals. The at least one controller is further configured to separate medium-to-high frequency dynamics of the measured battery voltage. The filtering process, in certain examples, is realized using a low pass filter or a high pass filter. The at least one controller is further configured to correlate the medium-to-high frequency loads to estimate battery parameters and determine battery dynamics using, in one example, an Extended Kalman Filter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a touch sensor, including a window substrate including a central region and an edge region formed to enclose the central region, a bezel part formed in the edge region on a rear of the window substrate and including at least one bezel layer, an antenna pattern formed in the bezel part and transmitted or received to or from the outside by wireless communication, and a sensor module including an electrode pattern, which is formed on a base substrate and corresponds to the central region and formed on a plane different from the antenna pattern.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain system includes a battery cell and at least one controller programmed to output an average internal resistance of the cell for a sliding window time period. A mean electrical impedance is calculated by the controller based on a quotient of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of a voltage output by the cell and a FFT of current input to the cell. An average internal resistance is calculated by the controller based on the mean electrical impedance. The controller may further control the cell according to the average internal resistance.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes a battery pack having one or more cells and a controller configured to continuously update battery model parameter values based on generalized linear regression analysis. The analysis updates the parameters using a dataset of independent variable vectors and a dependent variable vector constructed from a series of input currents to the battery pack and corresponding voltage responses of the battery pack that fall within a moving window.

Abstract: A battery system includes a traction battery and at least one controller that implement a model of the traction battery. The system may monitor current input and voltage output of the traction battery. The at least one controller may inject a plurality of current signals into the battery when it detects the input current to be approximately zero and a corresponding terminal voltage to be generally constant. Each of the injected current signals has a discrete frequency. The controller may measure voltage responses to the injected currents indicative of impedances of the traction battery at the discrete frequencies. The controller may output parameters representing an equivalent circuit model of the traction battery based on the impedances, and operate the battery based on the parameters.

Abstract: A battery system includes a traction battery and at least one controller that implement a model of the traction battery. The system may monitor current input and voltage output of the traction battery. The at least one controller may inject a plurality of current signals into the battery when it detects the input current to be approximately zero and a corresponding terminal voltage to be generally constant. Each of the injected current signals has a discrete frequency. The controller may measure voltage responses to the injected currents indicative of impedances of the traction battery at the discrete frequencies. The controller may output parameters representing an equivalent circuit model of the traction battery based on the impedances, and operate the battery based on the parameters.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a battery pack and at least one controller programmed to implement a model of the battery pack. The model includes parameters representing an internal resistance and charge transfer impedance of the battery pack, and identified from an extended Kalman filter having an augmented state vector. The augmented state vector is at least partially defined by a time constant associated with the charge transfer impedance and a variable representing a proportionality between the internal resistance and a resistance term of the charge transfer impedance to reduce observed variability of the parameters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a touch sensor including a substrate, and an electrode on the substrate. The electrode includes a first diffusion barrier contacting the substrate, an intermediate layer formed on the first diffusion barrier, and a second diffusion barrier formed on the intermediate layer. According to an embodiment of the invention, corrosion of the intermediate layer and performance degradation caused by diffusion may be prevented by forming the intermediate layer on the first diffusion barrier contacting the substrate and forming the second diffusion barrier on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: There is provided a piezoelectric actuator including: a piezoelectric member having a multilayer structure; an external electrode formed on an outer surface of the piezoelectric member; and an intermediate electrode formed between layers of the piezoelectric members and having an area smaller than that of the external electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a composite powder including a core layer disposed at the center thereof and formed of a reflecting material, a first coating layer formed on a surface of the core layer, and a second coating layer formed on a surface of the first coating layer and having a refractive index higher than that of the first coating layer. According to at least one embodiment, high whiteness is more effectively implemented through a bezel in a thin film shape by forming a bezel layer and a reflecting layer of a touch sensor.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator includes upper and lower electrodes providing driving voltages and a piezoelectric film formed between the upper and lower electrodes and providing a driving force to ink in a plurality of pressure chambers formed on an inkjet print head, respectively. The piezoelectric film may include a plurality of basin parts individually formed on respective tops of the plurality of pressure chambers and a large-area part connected to the plurality of basin parts, respectively, at one end of the plurality of basin parts and formed as a single body. The large-area part may include a groove formed on an extended line of a basin line partitioning the basin parts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a touch sensor. The touch sensor includes: a window substrate; a base substrate having one surface formed so as to be bonded to the window substrate and the other surface having a first electrode pattern formed thereon; a bezel formed along an edge of the base substrate; an insulating layer applying the electrode pattern while filling between the bezel and the bezel; and a second electrode pattern formed on the insulating layer.

Abstract: Provided is a Fe—Mn—C-based twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel which includes 13 wt % to 24 wt % of manganese (Mn), 0.4 wt % to 1.2 wt % of carbon (C), and iron (Fe) as well as other unavoidable impurities as a remainder, is manufactured by caliber rolling, has a microstructure including elongated grains that are elongated in a rolling direction, and has an average grain size of the elongated grains in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a touch sensor including a window substrate and a bezel layer formed on outer edges of one surface of the window substrate, wherein the bezel layer includes a printed layer formed on the window substrate, a medium layer formed on the printed layer and having a refractive index lower than that of the printed layer, and a reflective layer formed on the medium layer. According to at least one embodiment, the bezel layer formed on the window substrate is reduced in thickness and various colors are more easily implemented.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is provided with a touch sensor, including: a window substrate; a first bezel layer formed at an edge portion of the window substrate and formed of at least one layer; and a resin layer disposed on the first bezel layer and the window substrate. The touch sensor further includes a second bezel layer disposed on the resin layer, at a position corresponding to the first bezel layer and the resin layer is made of a transparent material having a refractive index lower than that of the first bezel layer and the second bezel layer. As described above, the plurality of bezel layers and the resin layer are stacked together to form a difference in refractive index, thereby implementing a clear color even by the thinner bezel layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a touch sensor module, including: a window substrate; a bezel layer including at least one print layer along an edge in a direction facing the window substrate; and an application layer formed to enclose a surface of the print layer while being applied to the surface of the print layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a touch sensor including a window substrate, a bezel layer formed on an edge part of the window substrate, a reflective layer formed on the bezel layer, and electrode patterns formed in the bezel layer of the window substrate, wherein the bezel layer is formed of a transparent material. Thus, due to the formation of the bezel layer and the reflective layer of the touch sensor, bezel colors are effectively realized using a more thinned film bezel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a touch sensor, including a window substrate, and bezel layers formed along an outer circumference on the window substrate. The bezel layer includes a photochromic compound or a thermochromic compound expressing at least two colors.