Abstract: A gasoline direct injection engine that has an injector directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, a spark plug, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve and generates power by reciprocating a piston in a cylinder, may include a cavity formed on a piston head and returning some flow of the fuel injected from the injector to the intake valve, and a channel formed around the cavity.

Abstract: An image processing device is provided. The image processing device includes a weighted low-pass filter which performs weighted low-pass filtering on illumination of sub-sampled pixel signals, and an illumination interpolation circuit which compares illumination of the weighted low-pass filtered pixel signals with illumination of current pixel signals and performs interpolation while applying a weight to illumination of the weighted low-pass filtered pixel signals according to the comparison result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel iminecalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA by using the self-assembled monolayer, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method. Also, the present invention relates to novel aminocalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA wherein the oligo-DNA is voluntarily fixed by molecular recognition on said self-assembled monolayer in a liquid phase, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method.

Abstract: An image processing device is provided. The image processing device includes a weighted low-pass filter which performs weighted low-pass filtering on illumination of sub-sampled pixel signals, and an illumination interpolation circuit which compares illumination of the weighted low-pass filtered pixel signals with illumination of current pixel signals and performs interpolation while applying a weight to illumination of the weighted low-pass filtered pixel signals according to the comparison result.

Abstract: Techniques for a surface-modified glass fiber with monolayer of aminocalixarene derivatives and iminecalixrene derivatives are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel iminecalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA by using the self-assembled monolayer, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method. Also, the present invention relates to novel aminocalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA wherein the oligo-DNA is voluntarily fixed by molecular recognition on said self-assembled monolayer in a liquid phase, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switching apparatus (10) for switching a load on and off, in particular a motor or the like in a vehicle, having a housing (20), an operating element (30), a switching element (40), wherein the switching element (40) can be activated by the operating element (30), and at least one switching signal for a control unit can be produced by means of the switching element (40), and the operating element (30) has a symbol element (50). The invention provides for a first optical waveguide element (60) to carry a first light (71) from at least one first light source (70) such that the symbol element (50) is uniformly illuminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel iminecalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA by using the self-assembled monolayer, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method. Also, the present invention relates to novel aminocalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA wherein the oligo-DNA is voluntarily fixed by molecular recognition on said self-assembled monolayer in a liquid phase, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method.

Abstract: A gasoline direct injection engine that has an injector directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, a spark plug, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve and generates power by reciprocating a piston in a cylinder, may include a cavity formed on a piston head and returning some flow of the fuel injected from the injector to the intake valve, and a channel formed around the cavity.

Abstract: A video decoder organizes and stores pixel lines of a reference picture into first and second memory devices. The video decoder then reads portions of a pixel block from the first and second memory devices and processes such a pixel block for generating a subsequent picture. By reading from the first and second memory device with time overlap, latency is minimized for faster video decoding.

Abstract: In the scanning conversion apparatus, interlaced-to-progressive scanning is performed according to one of at least two different techniques. The technique used depends on the interlaced scan data being converted. As examples, a spatial interpolation technique, a spatial/temporal interpolation technique, or other technique may be selected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switching apparatus (10) for switching a load on and off, in particular a motor or the like in a vehicle, having a housing (20), an operating element (30), a switching element (40), wherein the switching element (40) can be activated by the operating element (30), and at least one switching signal for a control unit can be produced by means of the switching element (40), and the operating element (30) has a symbol element (50). The invention provides for a first optical waveguide element (60) to carry a first light (71) from at least one first light source (70) such that the symbol element (50) is uniformly illuminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of designing DNA probe chip for room-temperature hybridization in order to solve the solvent evaporation problem occurring when carrying out said hybridization at a high temperature of 40° C.˜50° C. or higher, wherein the method is designed to allow genotyping through hybridizing at a room temperature of 20° C.˜30° C. The method of designing DNA probe chip comprises designing DNA probe to start at ?10˜+5 position that is between ?10 position which is overlapped 10 sequences with primer and +5 position which is 5 sequences far from the 3?-terminal of primer, based on 0 position which is 3?-terminal of primer.

Abstract: Techniques for a surface-modified glass fiber with monolayer of aminocalixarene derivatives and iminecalixrene derivatives are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel iminecalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA by using the self-assembled monolayer, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method. Also, the present invention relates to novel aminocalixarene derivatives, method of preparation thereof, and self-assembled monolayer prepared by the method, fixing method of oligo-DNA wherein the oligo-DNA is voluntarily fixed by molecular recognition on said self-assembled monolayer in a liquid phase, and oligo-DNA chip prepared by the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to iminecalixarene derivatives, iminecalixarene derivative monolayers prepared as a monolayer on a solid substrate by using said iminecalixarene derivatives, a protein chip substrate prepared by fixing all kinds of proteins on a chip substrate in a solution phase without any treatment, while ammonium groups on the surface of the proteins are irreversibly recognized by said iminecalixarene derivative monolayer, and protein chips prepared by using the protein fixation on said substrate.

Abstract: An encrypted data player device is configured to process encrypted key and encrypted data received through a system bus. The encrypted data player device includes a device key storage circuit and a decryption circuit. The device key storage circuit is configured to store a device key. The decryption circuit is configured to receive the device key directly from the device key storage circuit, decode the encrypted key using the device key and decode the encrypted data using the decrypted key.

Abstract: In the scanning conversion apparatus, a first converter converts input interlaced scan data into progressive scan data, and a second converter converting the progressive scan data output from the first converter to interlaced scan data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding video, which alternately store lines of a picture in pixel units, and a method of storing a reference picture, n which the apparatus includes a memory that stores M lines of a picture in N interleave lines, wherein M is a natural number and N is a natural number smaller than M, and a decoder that decodes the picture by receiving the interleave lines, wherein pixel data of a part of the lines from among the M lines is alternately stored in each interleave line.

Abstract: A video decoder organizes and stores pixel lines of a reference picture into first and second memory devices. The video decoder then reads portions of a pixel block from the first and second memory devices and processes such a pixel block for generating a subsequent picture. By reading from the first and second memory device with time overlap, latency is minimized for faster video decoding.