Abstract: A solid electrolyte-type CO2 sensor having a reduced influence from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), includes: a solid electrolyte; a reference electrode which is formed at one side of the solid electrolyte; a detecting electrode of which one side is joined and which is formed at the other side of the solid electrolyte; a substrate which is formed at the other side of the reference electrode; and an oxidation catalyst which is formed at the other side of the detecting electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device. The display device includes a substrate having an active area and a non-active area, a thin film transistor arranged on the active area of the substrate, at least two planarization layers arranged on the thin film transistor, signal links arranged on the non-active area of the substrate, and an outer cover layer spaced apart from the at least two planarization layers and configured to overlap upper and side surfaces of the signal links, thus preventing or reducing damage to the signal links.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a battery, the apparatus configured to measure a current usage of a battery, generate a concentration limitation condition on a material in an active material of the battery based on a characteristic of the active battery, and control a usage of the battery based on the current usage and the concentration limitation condition.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system may include an engine combusting reformed gas to generate mechanical power; an intake line connected to the engine to supply reformed gas and air to the engine; an exhaust line connected to the engine to circulate exhaust gas exhausted from the engine; a fuel reformer provided at an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) line diverging from the exhaust line, mixing the EGR gas passing through the EGR line with the fuel and reforming the fuel mixed in the EGR gas; and an EGR flow controller determining a target opening degree of a flow rate control valve according to engine running condition, whether or not in a reforming running condition, required amount of EGR gas along to running condition, and controlling opening degree of the flow rate control valve on a basis of the target opening degree.

Abstract: A combustion of an engine include: an intake valve; a diameter formed by a point of contact between the intake valve and a valve seat; a diameter of an intake valve head; and a diameter of an imaginary extension line extended from the inner lower end portion of a cylinder head. In particular, a diameter formed by the point of contact between the intake valve and the valve seat and the diameter of the intake valve head may have a diameter difference less than or equal to a constant value, and the diameter of the intake valve head and the diameter of the imaginary extension line extended from the inner lower end portion of the cylinder head may be maintained by a diameter difference greater than or equal to a constant value after the valve seat is worn.

Abstract: A solid-state hydrogen storage device includes a first storage for storing a reversible solid-state hydrogen storage material, a reactor disposed in the first storage to enable a hydrolysis reaction of a non-reversible solid-state hydrogen storage material to be performed therein, and a fuel cell stack, wherein the non-reversible solid-state hydrogen storage material is stored in the reactor, and wherein the non-reversible solid-state hydrogen storage material releases heat when the hydrolysis is performed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of adjusting profiles of a gate electrode and a gate spacer by implanting or doping an element semiconductor material into an interlayer insulating layer may be provided. The semiconductor device may include a gate spacer on a substrate, the gate spacer defining a trench, a gate electrode filling the trench, and an interlayer insulating layer on the substrate, which surrounds the gate spacer, and at least a portion of which includes germanium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing an electrocatalyst. The method may include forming a metal layer on a substrate, treating a substrate of the metal layer, and forming a catalyst layer on the metal layer by applying potential to an aqueous deposition solution including a nickel precursor, a copper precursor, a phosphorus precursor, and an additive, in which a molar ratio of the nickel precursor to the copper precursor may be greater than about 49:1. Accordingly, the present invention has an advantage in that the process of manufacturing the electrocatalyst may be simplified.

Abstract: Distribution of traffic to cells in a communication network can be controlled. A distribution management component (DMC) can determine overall device traffic throughput for cells of a sector that satisfy a defined traffic throughput criterion relating to a harmonic mean of the device traffic throughput for the cells to desirably enhance or maximize the harmonic mean of the overall device traffic throughput. Based on the overall device traffic throughput for the cells, the DMC can determine whether to adjust a characteristic associated with a cell of the cells to facilitate adjusting distribution of device traffic among the cells of the sector to achieve desirable load balancing of traffic by the sector and in the network. Load balancing can be achieved by controlling respective parameters with regard to communication devices that are in idle mode or connected mode to facilitate directing communication devices and associated traffic to desired cells.

Abstract: A faulty cell detection device and a faulty cell detection method are provided for detecting a faulty cell of a battery pack using a current sensor. The device may include a current sensor including a first current sensor configured to measure a current of a battery pack including the battery module, and a second current sensor configured to measure a current of a battery cell among battery cells in the battery module. The device may also include a faulty cell detector configured to detect occurrence of the faulty cell based on the measured current of the battery pack and the measured current of the battery cell.

Abstract: Antimicrobial cellulose fibers and antimicrobial cellulose fabrics are provided herein. Such an antimicrobial fiber can include a reactive antimicrobial compound comprising an antimicrobial agent that reacted with at least one reactive compound, and wherein the reactive antimicrobial compound is chemically fixed to a cellulose fiber.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having first and second active regions with a field insulating layer therebetween that contacts the first and second active regions, and a gate electrode on the substrate and traversing the first active region, the second active region, and the field insulating layer. The gate electrode includes a first portion over the first active region, a second portion over the second active region, and a third portion in contact with the first and second portions. The gate electrode includes an upper gate electrode having first through third thicknesses in the first through third portions, respectively, where the third thickness is greater than the first thickness, and smaller than the second thickness.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an inverter for driving a motor including a processor which includes: a current processor configured to generate a voltage command for allowing a current detection value, generated by measuring a current provided from an inverter to a motor, to follow a current command for driving the motor; a voltage modulator configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal for controlling on and off states of a switching element within the inverter with a predetermined switching frequency based on the voltage command; and a frequency determining processor configured to randomly change the switching frequency based on driving information of the motor.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an inverter for driving a motor includes a processor which includes: a current processor for generating a voltage command for causing a current detection value obtained by measuring a current supplied from the inverter to the motor to follow a current command for driving the motor; a voltage modulator for generating a pulse width modulation signal for controlling on and off states of switching elements in the inverter with a predetermined switching frequency based on the voltage command; and a frequency determining processor for setting a frequency change range within which the switching frequency will be randomly changed and randomly determining the switching frequency within the frequency change range when a random pulse width modulation method is applied to control of the inverter.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ceramic dielectric including a composite of a first dielectric and a second dielectric, wherein each of the first dielectric and the second dielectric includes strontium (Sr) and niobium (Nb) and has a different crystal system, a ceramic electronic component, and a device.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for inter-vehicular communication according to the present invention includes: a network state estimating unit configured to estimate network state information indicating a current network state based on driving information and channel state information of neighboring vehicles; a network access controller configured to control whether to transmit a message based on the network state information; a transmission scheduler configured to control a transmission time point of the message based on the network state information; and a transmission buffer unit configured to delay transmission of the message according to the control of the transmission time point of the transmission scheduler.

Abstract: A fuel reformer includes a housing. A mixing portion is provided in the housing, the mixing portion being a space for mixing fuel supplied from the outside with an EGR gas. A reforming catalyst portion is provided on a side opposite the mixing portion and is configured to reform the mixed fuel and the EGR gas in the mixing portion. A first heater is disposed around an outer periphery of the housing surrounding the mixing portion. A second heater is disposed around an outer periphery of the housing surrounding the reforming catalyst portion. The first and second heaters are configured to transmit thermal energy to the fuel reformer.

Abstract: A temperature compensation method for a gas sensor module using a change of heater current, may include deriving an output voltage equation of the gas sensor module from a cell reaction equation of an electrolyte and deriving the output voltage equation to an equation for a fluctuation temperature which varies depending on a sensor temperature and an unknown type compensation coefficient; deriving the fluctuation temperature to heater current indicating a current value of a heater formed in the gas sensor module and deriving the output voltage equation by the heater current and the compensation coefficient; and measuring output voltage depending on current of heaters at two or more points to determine the compensation coefficient of the output voltage equation, and the output voltage is configured to be compensated with the change of the heater current measured by the gas sensor module regardless of an external temperature.

Abstract: A fuel reformer includes a housing. A mixing portion is provided in the housing, the mixing portion being a space for mixing fuel supplied from the outside with an EGR gas. A reforming catalyst portion is provided on a side opposite the mixing portion and is configured to reform the mixed fuel and the EGR gas in the mixing portion. A first heater is disposed around an outer periphery of the housing surrounding the mixing portion. A second heater is disposed around an outer periphery of the housing surrounding the reforming catalyst portion. The first and second heaters are configured to transmit thermal energy to the fuel reformer.

Abstract: A nanotransfer printing method, including the steps of coating a polymer thin film on a template substrate where a surface pattern is formed, fabricating the polymer thin film into a thin-film replica mold by using the polymer thin film and an adhesive film, forming nanostructures on the thin-film replica mold, selectively weakening an adhesive force between the adhesive film and the thin-film replica mold, and transferring the nanostructures into a target object, is provided.