Abstract: An indoor unit 1 includes: an airflow direction louver 4 that rotates about a vane shaft 4a and changes a direction of air that is blowing from an air outlet 3b; and a louver gear 10 that transmits a force from a vane drive motor part 9 to the airflow direction louver 4. The airflow direction louver 4 has an insertion indicator such as a nail. The louver gear 10 has a fitting hole 10a that allows the insertion indicator to become visible when the airflow direction louver 4 is inserted into a bearing hole 10b of the louver gear 10 and reaches the bottom of a bearing hole 10b.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200° C.-230° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprises: an anode; a cathode; a functional layer including at least a light-emitting layer; a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the functional layer; and a bank. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide. Tungsten atoms constituting the tungsten oxide include both tungsten atoms with a valence of six and tungsten atoms with a valence less than six. The hole injection layer includes a crystal of the tungsten oxide. A particle diameter of the crystal is on an order of nanometers. The hole injection layer has a recessed portion whose inner side surface has an upper edge that is one of (i) aligned with part of a lower edge of the bank, the part being in contact with the light-emitting layer, and (ii) in contact with a bottom surface of the bank.

Abstract: Organic EL device comprising: anode and cathode disposed to face each other with gap therebetween; functional layer that contains organic material and is disposed between the anode and the cathode; and hole injection layer that has function to inject holes into the functional layer and is disposed between the anode and the functional layer, wherein the hole injection layer is mixture layer containing first oxide and second oxide. The first oxide is p-type metal oxide, the composition of the second oxide contains element that is thermally stable in both first state where the element has the maximum valence and second state where the element has valence smaller than the maximum valence, the element being more thermally stable in the second state than in the first state. The element contained in the composition of the second oxide in the hole injection layer is in the first state.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting element comprising: an anode; a cathode; banks; a functional layer between the anode and the cathode; and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer. The functional layer includes one or more sublayers including a light-emitting sublayer defined by the banks and that contains an organic material. The hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide, includes an occupied energy level that is approximately 1.8 electron volts to approximately 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy, has a surface facing the functional layer, and has a recessed structure such that a portion of the surface overlapping with the light-emitting sublayer is located closer to the anode than other portions. The recessed structure has a recessed portion whose inner surface is in contact with the functional layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting element comprising: an anode; a cathode; banks; a functional layer between the anode and the cathode; and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer. The functional layer includes at least a light-emitting sublayer defined by the banks and that contains an organic material. The hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide and includes a crystal of the tungsten oxide, whose particle diameter is on an order of nanometers. Tungsten atoms constituting the tungsten oxide include both tungsten atoms with a valence of six and tungsten atoms with a valence less than six. The hole injection layer has a surface facing the functional layer, and a portion of the surface overlapping with the light-emitting sublayer is located closer to the anode than other portions, thereby forming a recessed structure having a recessed portion whose inner surface is in contact with the functional layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprises: an anode; a cathode; a functional layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and includes at least a light-emitting layer; a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the functional layer; and a bank. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide, and has a recessed portion. A UPS spectrum of the hole injection layer, obtained from a UPS measurement, has a protrusion appearing near a Fermi surface and within a region corresponding to a binding energy range lower than a top of a valence band. The tungsten oxide contained in the hole injection layer satisfies a condition, determined from an XPS measurement, that a ratio in a number density of atoms other than tungsten atoms and oxygen atoms to the tungsten atoms does not exceed approximately 0.83.

Abstract: In an organic EL element, a bank is formed on a hole injection layer so as to surround light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer is formed with a tungsten oxide thin film, and has, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than the lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer has a recessed portion in an upper surface thereof. An inner surface of the recessed portion is in contact with a functional layer (light-emitting layer). the inner side surface of the recessed portion includes an upper edge that is one of aligned with part of a lower edge of the bank, the part being in contact with the functional layer, and in contact with a bottom surface of the bank.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element comprises: an anode; a cathode; a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and including a light-emitting layer containing an organic material; a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the functional layer; and a bank that defines an area in which the light-emitting layer is to be formed, wherein the hole injection layer includes tungsten oxide and includes an occupied energy level that is approximately 1.8 electron volts to approximately 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy, the hole injection layer has a recess in an upper surface of the area defined by the bank, and an upper peripheral edge of the recess is covered with a part of the bank.

Abstract: A hole injection layer and a second electrode are both formed to be continuous above a first electrode and above an auxiliary wiring. The hole injection layer contains a tungsten oxide. An UPS spectrum, obtained from a UPS measurement, has a protrusion appearing near a Fermi surface and within a region corresponding to a binding energy range lower than a top of a valence band, and the tungsten oxide satisfies a condition, determined from an XPS measurement, that a ratio in a number density of atoms other than tungsten atoms and oxygen atoms to the tungsten atoms does not exceed 0.83.

Abstract: An organic EL panel comprises anodes, a cathode, organic light-emitting layers, and first functional layers each including a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer. The hole injection layer of each of the R, G, and B colors is made of only a metal oxide including tungsten oxide, and has a thickness of 5 nm to 40 nm. At least one of the hole injection layers has a thickness different from the other hole injection layers. The hole transport layers of the R, G, and B colors are equivalent in thickness. The organic light-emitting layers of the R, G, and B colors are equivalent in thickness.

Abstract: An organic EL element comprising: an anode; a cathode; banks; a functional layer between the anode and the cathode, the functional layer including one or more sublayers including a light-emitting sublayer, the light-emitting sublayer defined by the banks and containing an organic material; and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer, wherein the hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide. An Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) spectrum, obtained from a UPS measurement, has a protrusion appearing near a Fermi surface and within a region corresponding to a binding energy range lower than a top of a valence band. The tungsten oxide contained in the hole injection layer satisfies a condition, determined from an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurement, that a ratio in a number density of atoms other than tungsten atoms and oxygen atoms to the tungsten atoms does not exceed approximately 0.83.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes a hole injection layer yielding excellent hole conduction efficiency, and comprises: an anode; a cathode; a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and including a light-emitting layer containing organic material; the hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the functional layer; and a bank defining an area in which the light-emitting layer is to be formed, wherein the hole injection layer includes tungsten oxide, tungsten atoms constituting the tungsten oxide include both tungsten atoms with a valence of six and tungsten atoms with a valence less than six, the hole injection layer includes a crystal of the tungsten oxide, a particle diameter of the crystal being on an order of nanometers, an inner portion of the hole injection layer is depressed to define a recess, and an upper peripheral edge of the recess is covered with a part of the bank.

Abstract: A light emitter and method for manufacturing a light emitter. The light emitter includes a first electrode, a charge injection transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode that are layered in this order. At least the light-emitting layer is defined by bank. The charge injection transport layer includes a recessed portion having an inner bottom surface in contact with a bottom surface of the light-emitting layer and an inner side surface continuous with the inner bottom surface and in contact at least partly with a side surface of the light-emitting layer. The inner side surface has a lower edge continuous with the inner bottom surface, and an upper edge is aligned with a portion of a bottom periphery of the bank, the portion being in contact with the light-emitting layer or in contact with a bottom surface of the bank.

Abstract: A light emitter and a method of manufacturing a light emitter. The light emitter includes a first electrode, a charge injection transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode that are layered in this order. At least the light-emitting layer is defined by a bank that has at least one liquid-repellent surface. The charge injection transport layer is principally composed of a metal compound that is more liquid-philic than the surface of the bank. The charge injection transport layer includes a recessed structure so that in a region defined by the bank, the charge injection transport layer is lower than a bottom surface of the bank.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL element which withstands mass production of organic EL display panels, and promises driving at a low voltage and high luminous efficiency due to excellent hole-injection efficiency. Specifically, an organic EL element is formed by sequentially laminating an anode, a hole injection layer, a buffer layer, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode on one surface of a substrate. The hole injection layer is a at least 2 nm thick tungsten oxide layer formed under predetermined film forming conditions, and includes an occupied energy level that is 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy. This reduces the hole injection barrier between the anode and the hole injection layer and the hole injection barrier between the hole injection layer and the buffer layer.

Abstract: Provided is organic EL display panel and an organic EL display apparatus that can be driven at a low voltage and that exhibit excellent light-emitting efficiency. Included are a substrate, a first electrode, an auxiliary wiring, a hole injection layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode. The hole injection layer and the second electrode are formed to be continuous above the first electrode and above the auxiliary wiring. The second electrode and the auxiliary wiring are electrically connected by the hole injection layer in an organic EL display panel. The hole injection layer is a metal oxide film, and metal atoms constituting the metal oxide include both metal atoms at a maximum valence thereof and metal atoms at a valence less than the maximum valence. The metal oxide film includes a metal oxide crystal with a particle diameter on the order of nanometers.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting element includes an anode, a functional layer, and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer. The functional layer contains an organic material. The hole injection layer injects holes to the functional layer. The hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide and includes an occupied energy level that is approximately 1.8 electron volts to approximately 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of binding energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic EL display panel and an organic EL display apparatus that can be driven at a low voltage and that exhibit excellent light-emitting efficiency. Sequentially fixated on a substrate are: a first electrode; auxiliary wiring; a hole injection layer; a functional layer; and a second electrode. The hole injection layer and the second electrode are both formed to be continuous above the first electrode and above the auxiliary wiring. The second electrode and the auxiliary wiring are electrically connected by the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide and at least 2 nm thick so as to have, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level in a range between 1.8 eV and 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band in terms of a binding energy.