Abstract: In a deep-ultraviolet tight source includes sapphire substrate, a wide band gap semiconductor layer having a wavelength smaller than 300 nm, formed on the sapphire substrate, and en electron beam source for irradiating the wide band gap semiconductor layer with an electron beam. The wide band gap semiconductor layer is configured to be irradiated with the electron beam to emit deep-ultraviolet light through the sapphire substrate. A thickness t1 of the sapphire substrate satisfies: t1??·E3 where B s an energy of the electron beam (keV); and ? is 1 ?m/(keV)3.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the general formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the description [with the proviso that 9-chloro-7-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benz-oxazepine and N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benz-oxazepin-7-yl)-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide are excluded], salts of the same, and prodrugs thereof have selective activation effect on serotonin 5-HT2C receptor and are useful as preventive and therapeutic agents for lower urinary tract diseases, obesity, and/or pelvic organ prolapse.

Abstract: Provision of a compound having a serotonin 5-HT2C receptor activating action. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the description, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A drawing apparatus performs drawing on a substrate with a plurality of charged particle beams. The apparatus comprises a stage configured to hold the substrate and to be moved; a projection system configured to project the plurality of charged particle beams onto the substrate; a measurement device configured to detect a charged particle beam that reaches the measurement device due to a charged particle beam incident, via the projection system, on a mark formed on the substrate, to measure a position of the mark; and a controller. The controller is configured to control operations of the projection system and the measurement device so that the position of the mark is measured with at least one of the plurality of charged particle beams, in parallel with drawing on the substrate with a part of the plurality of charged particle beams.

Abstract: A particle detector comprises a light source, and a metal layer having an incident/reflective surface and a photoelectric surface opposing the incident/reflective surface. Incident light from the light source reaches the incident/reflective surface to excite near-field surface plasmon resonance photons at the photoelectronic surface. A particle deposited on the photoelectronic surface of the metal layer changes the near-field surface plasmon resonance photons to far-field scattered light. The particle detector further comprises a unit, provided above the photoelectric surface of the metal layer, for detecting the far-field scattered light.

Abstract: Provided are an insulated ultrafine powder obtained by adding liquid metal alkoxide to a methanol-containing organic solvent in which a conductive ultrafine powder comprising a carbon material is dispersed and further adding water thereto and a method for producing the same. Also, provided are an insulated ultrafine powder obtained by adding liquid metal alkoxide to a methanol-containing organic solvent in which a conductive ultrafine powder comprising a carbon material is dispersed, further adding a coupling agent having an alkoxide group and then adding water thereto and a method for producing the same. Further, provided is a high dielectric constant resin composite material obtained by blending the insulated ultrafine powder of the present invention with a resin in a volume ratio (insulated ultrafine powder/resin) falling in a range of 5/95 to 50/50.

Abstract: There are disclosed insulated ultrafine powder comprising electroconductive ultrafine powder which is in the form of sphere, spheroid or acicular each having a minor axis in the range of 1 to 100 nm and an insulating film applied thereto; a process for producing the same which is capable of covering the surfaces of the insulated ultrafine powder with the insulating film having a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 100 nm without causing any clearance or vacancy; and a resin composite material which uses the same. A high dielectric constant of the material is assured by adding a small amount of insulated ultrafine powder wherein an insulating film is applied to the electroconductive ultrafine powder, while maintaining the processability and moldability that are the characteristics inherent in a resin material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an insulated ultrafine powder containing electrically conductive ultrafine particles coated with an insulation coating, characterized in that the electrically conductive ultrafine particles are formed of a carbon material which is in the form of spherical particles having a diameter of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less, fibers having a cross-sectional diameter of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less, or plate-like particles having a thickness of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less; the insulation coating is formed of an insulating metal oxide or a hydrate thereof; and the thickness of the insulation coating is 0.

Abstract: There are disclosed insulated ultrafine powder comprising electroconductive ultrafine powder which is in the form of sphere, spheroid or acicular each having a minor axis in the range of 1 to 100 nm and an insulating film applied thereto; a process for producing the same which is capable of covering the surfaces of the insulated ultrafine powder with the insulating film having a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 100 nm without causing any clearance or vacancy; and a resin composite material which uses the same. A high dielectric constant of the material is assured by adding a small amount of insulated ultrafine powder wherein an insulating film is applied to the electroconductive ultrafine powder, while maintaining the processability and moldability that are the characteristics inherent in a resin material.

Abstract: Provided is a light source apparatus having a phosphor layer 3 which is subjected to a light beam of a predefined wavelength emitted from a solid light source element 2 as an excitation light beam and which generates fluorescent beam by being excited by the incident excitation light beam and emits the fluorescence beam to outside, and a metal layer 4 which is joined to a predefined surface among outer surfaces of the phosphor layer 3 except an incident surface of the excitation light beam and an outgoing surface of the fluorescence beam for converting excitons excited from a section of the phosphor layer 3 close to the predefined surface into a light beam via surface plasmon polaritons. The light beam converted from the excitons via the surface plasmon polaritons is emitted out of the outgoing surface of the phosphor layer 3 together with the fluorescence beam.

Abstract: In an optical pulse generating apparatus including a metal layer having an incident/reflective surface adapted to receive incident light and output its reflective light as an optical pulse signal, a dielectric layer formed on an opposite surface of the metal layer opposing the incident/reflective surface, and a dielectric layer exciting unit for exciting the dielectric layer on a time basis, the incident light exciting surface plasmon resonance light in the metal layer while the dielectric layer is excited on a time basis, so that an extinction coefficient of the dielectric layer is made negative.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film capable of forming a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in evenness; and a liquid crystal display device. The present invention provides a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the composition comprises: a material for forming a liquid crystal alignment film; 4,6-dimethyl-2-heptanone; diisobutyl ketone; and at least one of ?-butyrolactone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a position detection apparatus including a first obtaining unit configured to obtain imaging characteristics of an imaging optical system for a plurality of light beams, having different wavelength with each other, of the light having the wavelength width, a second obtaining unit configured to obtain optical images of a target object for the plurality of light beams, a restoration unit configured to restore optical images of the target object for the plurality of light beams by correcting, deterioration in the obtained optical images of the target object attributed to the imaging optical system, based on the obtained imaging characteristics of the imaging optical system, and a generation unit configured to generate an optical image of the target object for light including the plurality of light beams by synthesizing the restored optical images of the target object for the plurality of light beams.

Abstract: A maintenance and management system for tracheal tube in tracheal intubation makes it easier or steadier to identify endotracheal tube placement in the airway, check a tracheal stenosis due to sputum clogging, confirm a breakaway of the tube out of the airway, store and monitor measured data, diagnose automatically the complications, and obtain data for reproducing function of sound in a breath circuit. A ventilator tube is connected to the endotracheal tube and provided therein with a microphone to sense a breath sound transmitted via the endotracheal tube and a pressure sensing element to measure a circuit pressure in the ventilator circuit for the endotracheal tube. The data derived from the sensing elements is processed in a personal computer to be used to measure whether the breath sound and the circuit pressure are within a range of a prescribed value.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a system configured to split a light emitted from a light source into reference light and subject light, cause the subject light to enter into an object, and combine the subject light reflected by the object with the reference light, a detection unit configured to detect coherent light between the combined subject and reference lights, an element, provided within a light path of the reference light or the subject light, configured to change a path length difference between the reference light and the subject light and a relative position between the reference light and the subject light in a light receiving surface of the detection unit, and a position-variable mechanism configured to cause a position of the optical element to be changeable, wherein, by changing a position of the element, the optical path length difference and the relative position are independently adjusted.

Abstract: A device has a scale on which a grating pattern is formed, a light source to irradiate light on the scale, a wavelength plate to transform multiple diffracted lights from the light source into circular polarized light, respectively, an optical element to superposition and cause interference of the multiple diffracted lights, and a photodetector to receive the interfered light. Also, a generating unit to generate linearly polarized light by the light from the light source, so that the multiple diffracted lights input to the wavelength plate become linearly polarized light with a same mutual polarization direction.

Abstract: A surface shape measurement apparatus is configured to measure a surface shape of an object to be measured, and includes a beam splitter configured to split white light from a light source into two light beams, a pair of prisms each configured to increase an incident angle of each light beam that has been split by the beam splitter and directed to the object or a reference surface, each prism having an antireflection part that is formed at a period of a wavelength of the white light or smaller and has a moth-eye shape, a superimposition unit configured to superimpose object light from the object with reference light from the reference surface and has passed the second prism, and to generate white interference light, and a Lyot filter configured to discretely separate the white interference light for each of a plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: There are disclosed insulated ultrafine powder comprising electroconductive ultrafine powder which is in the form of sphere, spheroid or acicular each having a minor axis in the range of 1 to 100 nm and an insulating film applied thereto; a process for producing the same which is capable of covering the surfaces of the insulated ultrafine powder with the insulating film having a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 100 nm without causing any clearance or vacancy; and a resin composite material which uses the same. A high dielectric constant of the material is assured by adding a small amount of insulated ultrafine powder wherein an insulating film is applied to the electroconductive ultrafine powder, while maintaining the processability and moldability that are the characteristics inherent in a resin material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an insulated ultrafine powder containing electrically conductive ultrafine particles coated with an insulation coating, characterized in that the electrically conductive ultrafine particles are formed of a carbon material which is in the form of spherical particles having a diameter of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less, fibers having a cross-sectional diameter of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less, or plate-like particles having a thickness of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less; the insulation coating is formed of an insulating metal oxide or a hydrate thereof; and the thickness of the insulation coating is 0.

Abstract: A vehicle locking device locking a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, equipped with rollers allowing driving wheels of the vehicle placed thereon, while keeping the driving wheels thereof placed on the rollers, was configured so as to detect angles of traction, to determine traction forces optimum for hauling the vehicle based on the detected angles, and to control the vehicle locking device based on thus-determined traction forces so as to take up a belt, aiming at readily and stably locking a test vehicle under optimum traction forces.