Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire. A sipe includes, on each of a leading side edge and a trailing side edge, a chamfered portion and a non-chamfered region including no other chamfered portion. The maximum depth of the chamfered portion is shallower than the maximum depth of the sipe, and the sipe width is substantially constant. In a cross-sectional view, at least one chamfered portion includes a profile line that is convex inward in a tire radial direction with respect to a chamfer reference line connecting both ends of the chamfered portion; and a cross-sectional area of a chamfered region that is surrounded by the profile line, the sipe, and a tread contact surface of a tread portion is equal to or greater than a cross-sectional area of a reference region, the reference region being surrounded by the chamfer reference line, the sipe, and the tread contact surface.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire including a plurality of main grooves extending in the tire circumferential direction in a tread portion and including a sipe extending in a tire width direction on a rib defined by a main groove, the sipe includes a leading side edge and a trailing side edge, a chamfered portion shorter than a sipe length of the sipe is formed in each of the leading side edge and the trailing side edge, a non-chamfered region including no other chamfered portion is present in a part facing each chamfered portion of the sipe, and the rib includes an intersecting groove intersecting with at least one out of the sipe and the chamfered portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has an asymmetrical tread pattern and a designated vehicle mounting direction. A sipe includes a leading-side edge and a trailing-side edge, each provided with a chamfered portion shorter than a length of the sipe, and a non-chamfered region where other chamfered portions do not exist disposed in an area opposite the chamfered portion. The sipe has a maximum depth x (mm) and the chamfered portion has a maximum depth y (mm) that satisfy x×0.1?y?x×0.3+1.0. The sipe has a constant width in a range from an end portion of the chamfered portion positioned inward in a tire radial direction to a groove bottom of the sipe. A groove area of the chamfered portions and the sipes included within a ground contact region is greater on a vehicle mounting inner side than on a vehicle mounting outer side.

Abstract: An image generation method is provided and generates an image of a surface of a target object includes causing an image capturing unit placed at a first position to capture, as first image capturing, the surface of the target object through a periodic structure body including transmission regions and non-transmission regions having lower transmittance than the transmission regions alternately with a predetermined period P, causing an image capturing unit placed at a second position different from the first position to capture, as second image capturing, the surface of the target object through the periodic structure body, and generating the surface image using the first image and the second image, wherein the first and second positions are different from each other in a periodic direction of the periodic structure body.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an illumination unit configured to project striped light on a target using a member in which a plurality of non-transmitting portions which does not transmit at least a part of incident light is arranged with a period P in a second direction, an imaging unit configured to image the target on which striped light is projected through the member, an image processing unit configured to process N images to generate a process image, and a driving unit configured to relatively displace the member and the target. The imaging unit performs imaging each time the member and the target are relatively displaced by the amount of change ?Xi (i=1, 2, . . . N) by the driving unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a classifying method of classifying an article into one of a plurality of groups based on an image of the article, comprising determining an evaluation method for obtaining an evaluation value of an image by using at least some of sample images, obtaining evaluation values for the sample images by the determined evaluation method, changing the evaluation method so as to increase a degree of dissimilarity in an evaluation value range for sample images between the plurality of groups by changing a evaluation value of at least one sample image having a singular evaluation value among the sample images, obtaining an evaluation value for the image of the article using the changed evaluation method, and classifying the article into one of the plurality of groups based on the evaluation value for the image of the article.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for performing inspection of an object includes an illumination device configured to illuminate the object, an imaging device configured to image the object illuminated by the illumination device, and a processor configured to perform processing for the inspection based on an image obtained by the imaging device. The processor is configured to perform the processing based on a first image obtained by the imaging device under dark field illumination by the illumination device with light having a first wavelength and a second image obtained by the imaging device under dark field illumination by the illumination device with light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inspection apparatus that performs an inspection of an appearance of a surface, the apparatus comprising a plurality of imaging devices, an illumination device including a plurality of light sources, and a processor, wherein the plurality of imaging devices are arranged such that azimuth directions, in which the plurality of imaging devices respectively images the surface, are mutually different, and wherein the processor is configured to control, in a case where each of the plurality of imaging devices is caused to image the surface, the illumination device such that the surface is illuminated by a light source, of the plurality of light sources, of which an angle difference between an azimuth angle in which the surface is imaged and an azimuth angle in which the surface is illuminated is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: An image processor that processes an image of an object obtained by a predetermined field of view 150 comprising: a storage unit that stores a correction table 152 that holds a correction value determined based on distortion of the image in each of a plurality of regions 153 obtained by dividing the field of view 150; and a calculation unit that calculates an edge position 154 of the object based on the image, and corrects the edge position 154 that has been calculated by using the correction table 152, wherein the calculation unit reads out the correction value held in the region including the edge position 154 that has been calculated from the correction table 152 stored in the storage unit, and corrects the edge position 154 that has been calculated by the correction value.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for performing inspection of an object includes an illumination device, an imaging device, and a processor. The illumination device performs an anisotropic illumination and an isotropic illumination for the object. The imaging device images the object illuminated by the illumination device. The processor performs processing for the inspection of the object based on an image obtained by the imaging device. The processor generates an inspection image based on (i) plural first images obtained by the imaging device while the illumination device respectively performs plural anisotropic illuminations and (ii) a second image obtained by the imaging device while the illumination device performs an isotropic illumination, and performs the processing based on the inspection image.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus which inspects a curved surface of an object is provided. An imaging device images the curved surface with a first region undergone bright field illumination by an illumination device in a first state, and images the curved surface with a second region undergone bright field illumination and with the first region undergone dark field illumination by the illumination device in a second state on a light-receiving condition that the imaging device receives a light amount required to obtain a dark field image of the first region undergone the dark field illumination. A processor performs a process for an inspection of the first region based on a bright field image of the first region undergone the bright field illumination and the dark field image of the first region undergone the dark field illumination.

Abstract: An image measuring method for imaging an object to be measured having a horizontal plurality of planes, on which the object to be measured is mounted and calculating a shape of the object to be measured based on the image of the object to be measured is provided that includes measuring a height of the object to be measured at a plurality of positions of the plurality of planes on the object to be measured; calculating positions of the plurality of planes based on the height measured in the measuring; aligning the focus position with each of the plurality of planes calculated in the calculating and imaging of the object to be measured; and calculating the shape of the object to be measured based on the image of the object to be measured imaged in the imaging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a classifying method of classifying an article into one of a plurality of groups based on an image of the article, comprising determining an evaluation method for obtaining an evaluation value of an image by using at least some of sample images, obtaining evaluation values for the sample images by the determined evaluation method, changing the evaluation method so as to increase a degree of dissimilarity in an evaluation value range for sample images between the plurality of groups by changing a evaluation value of at least one sample image having a singular evaluation value among the sample images, obtaining an evaluation value for the image of the article using the changed evaluation method, and classifying the article into one of the plurality of groups based on the evaluation value for the image of the article.

Abstract: A measuring device that measures a measurement object includes a two-dimensional measuring unit that outputs two-dimensional image data by performing image pickup on the measurement object, a three-dimensional measuring unit that outputs three-dimensional data by three-dimensionally measuring the measurement object; and an obtaining unit that detects a temporary edge of the measurement object using the three-dimensional data, sets an edge detection range in a two-dimensional image using the detected temporary edge, and detects an edge of the measurement object in the edge detection range using the two-dimensional image data to obtain shape information of the measurement object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measurement apparatus which measures a shape of a target object including two surface regions distinguished by an edge as a boundary and having different heights, the apparatus including an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the target object formed by light reflected by the target object, and a processing unit configured to control an illumination system to set a state in which, out of the two surface regions, one surface region is illuminated, whereas other surface region is not or the other surface region is illuminated to have a smaller illuminance than an illuminance on the one surface region, and obtains a position of the edge based on an image signal of an image captured by the image capturing unit in the state.

Abstract: A measuring device that measures a measurement object includes a two-dimensional measuring unit that outputs two-dimensional image data by performing image pickup on the measurement object, a three-dimensional measuring unit that outputs three-dimensional data by three-dimensionally measuring the measurement object; and an obtaining unit that detects a temporary edge of the measurement object using the three-dimensional data, sets an edge detection range in a two-dimensional image using the detected temporary edge, and detects an edge of the measurement object in the edge detection range using the two-dimensional image data to obtain shape information of the measurement object.

Abstract: An apparatus measures a shape of an object by detecting interfering light between reference light and test light. The apparatus includes a detector configured to detect the interfering light, an optical member located between the object and the detector and including a light attenuating part, and an adjusting unit configured to adjust a relative position and/or angle between the optical member and an optical path of the test light. A part of the test light from a second region, having surface roughness smaller than that of a first region in the region including the measured region of the object is attenuated by the light attenuating part. The detector detects interfering light between the reference light and test light from the first region and the second region after passing through the optical member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imprint apparatus for performing an imprint process of transferring a pattern onto a substrate by curing a resin on the substrate while the resin is in contact with a mold, and removing the mold from the cured resin, including a detection unit configured to detect a foreign particle existing on the substrate, wherein the detection unit includes an obtaining unit configured to irradiate a surface of the substrate with light, and obtain light from the surface of the substrate, and a specification unit configured to specify a shot region where a foreign particle existing on the substrate is positioned, based on the light obtained by the obtaining unit.