Abstract: A control apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire information indicating a speed at which an imaging apparatus changes an imaging range thereof, an input unit configured to input a first instruction for changing display of an image displayed on a display unit, a display control unit configured to, if the input unit has input the first instruction, change display of the image at a speed corresponding to the information acquired by the acquisition unit, and a transmission unit configured to transmit, to the imaging apparatus, a second instruction for changing the imaging range according to the display of the image being changed by the display control unit.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes: a display control unit configured to control a display unit to display part or all of an image in a first region on a display screen displayed by the display unit, the image indicating an imaging range which an imaging apparatus can image by changing the imaging range; a change control unit configured to change a position or size of an image to be displayed in the first region by the display control unit, on the image indicating the range which an imaging apparatus can image; and an output unit configured to output an instruction to cause the imaging apparatus to image an imaging range corresponding to a range indicating an image displayed in a second region which is a part of the first region.

Abstract: Provided is a system to assist in designing of color distribution on an object surface while considering the relationship between characteristics of a particle group contained in the paint and the design effect or texture at the object surface achieved by the particle group. The system is configured to calculate and display color distribution in accordance with variation angle at the object surface so as to reflect the texture or design effect at the object surface achieved by the particle group based on the designated distribution mode of the particle group included in the coating layer at the object surface as well as designated shape characteristics and optical characteristics of the particles making up the particle group and based on color distribution in accordance with variation angle at the object surface stored.

Abstract: A bicycle chain comprises a first outer link plate, a first inner link plate, and a first link pin. The first outer link plate comprises a first end portion, a second end portion, and a first intermediate portion. The first end portion includes a first opening having a first center axis. A first outer-link distance is defined from the first center axis to a first end edge. The first inner link plate comprises a third end portion, a forth end portion, and a second intermediate portion. The third end portion includes a third opening having a third center axis. A first inner-link distance is defined from the third center axis to a third end edge. A second inner-link distance is defined from the third center axis to a third end edge. The first inner-link distance is larger than the second inner-link distance and the first outer-link distance.

Abstract: A bicycle chain comprises a first outer link plate. The first outer link plate comprises a first end portion, a second end portion, and a first intermediate portion. The first end portion, the second end portion and the first intermediate portion defines a first outer peripheral edge. The first outer peripheral edge comprises a first end edge, a second end edge, a pair of first intermediate edges, and a first recessed edge. The first end edge extends about the first end portion. The second end edge extends about the second end portion. The pair of first intermediate edges extends along the first intermediate portion between the first end edge and the second end edge. The first recessed edge is provided between the first end edge and one of the first intermediate edges.

Abstract: Provided is a system to assist in designing of color distribution on an object surface while considering the relationship between characteristics of a particle group contained in the paint and the design effect or texture at the object surface achieved by the particle group. The system is configured to calculate and display color distribution in accordance with variation angle at the object surface so as to reflect the texture or design effect at the object surface achieved by the particle group based on the designated distribution mode of the particle group included in the coating layer at the object surface as well as designated shape characteristics and optical characteristics of the particles making up the particle group and based on color distribution in accordance with variation angle at the object surface stored.

Abstract: A door open/close system for a vehicle includes: a plurality of door open/close devices 11, 11? having a latch mechanism 14 including a latch 13 for engaging with an engaging member 12, a motor 16a (16a?) for driving the latch mechanism 14, and a latch state detecting member 21 (21?); and a control member 4 for starting to drive the motor of any one of all the door open/close device when the latch state detecting member of the one door open/close devices detects that the latch mechanism is in the half-latch state, said control member driving synchronously the motors of all the door open/close devices except the one door open/close device to change the latch mechanisms from the half-latch state to the full-latch state when the latch state detecting members of all the door open/close devices except the one door open/close device detect that the latch mechanisms are in the half-latch state in a case that the door of the vehicle is changed from a fully opened state to a fully closed state.

Abstract: Pulsed excitation light including a wavelength that can excite a fluorescent material contained in living matter is generated. The fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent material is longer than or equal to 4.8 nanoseconds. A predetermined position in the living matter is illuminated with the pulsed excitation light. Further, light including fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent material excited by illumination with the pulsed excitation light is received. The lifetime of the fluorescence included in the received light is calculated by time-resolving the intensity of the fluorescence. Further, the oxygen concentration of the living matter is measured based on the lifetime.

Abstract: A pH is measured by generating pulsed excitation-light including a wavelength that can excite a plurality of kinds of fluorescent-material in living matter that act as coenzyme in oxidation/reduction reaction in vivo, and the intensity of the light not damaging a tissue nor a cell and substantially not changing pH, and by illuminating a predetermined position in the living matter with the light, and by receiving fluorescence, and by resolving the intensity of the fluorescence into time domains the number of which is greater than that of the fluorescent-material, and by detecting the intensities of the fluorescence in the respective time domains, and by obtaining, based on the intensities, approximate-curves having gradients unique to the fluorescent-materials, respectively, and by calculating fluorescence lifetimes of at least two of the plurality of kinds of fluorescent-material based on the approximate-curves, and by measuring the pH of the living matter based on the lifetimes.

Abstract: In a pH measurement method, pulsed excitation light including a wavelength that can excite a predetermined fluorescent material contained in living matter is generated. The fluorescent material acts as coenzyme in oxidation/reduction reaction in vivo. Further, the intensity of the pulsed excitation light does not damage a tissue nor a cell in the living matter, and does not substantially change the pH of the living matter. Further, a predetermined position in the living matter is illuminated with the pulsed excitation light, and light including fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent material excited by illumination with the pulsed excitation light is received. The lifetime of the fluorescence is calculated by time-resolving the intensity of the received fluorescence, and the pH of the living matter is measured based on the lifetime.

Abstract: A photomask which improves the imaging performance that the photomask has and forming a good micro image on a wafer in photolithography with a half pitch of 60 nm or less. Provided is a photomask used for photolithography using an ArF excimer laser as an exposing source for immersion exposure by quadrupole-polarized illumination with a high-NA lens. The photomask includes a mask pattern of a light shielding film or semi-transparent film on a transparent substrate, and further, given that a thickness of the light shielding film or semi-transparent film is “t” nm, a refractive index is “n”, an extinction factor is “k”, and a bias of a space part of the mask pattern is “d” nm, when “t”, “d”, “n” and “k” are adjusted and the photomask is used for the photolithography, optical image contrast takes a value exceeding 0.580.

Abstract: Laser light emission across a wide bandwidth emission spectrum is enabled in a laser device equipped with solid gain media. The laser device is equipped with: a resonator; a plurality of solid gain media, having fluorescent spectra that at least partially overlap with each other, provided within the resonator; and pumping means, for pumping the plurality of solid gain media. The entire fluorescent spectrum width of the plurality of solid gain media is greater than the fluorescent spectrum width of each solid gain medium.

Abstract: Laser light emission across a wide bandwidth emission spectrum is enabled in a laser amplifier equipped with solid gain media. The laser amplifier is equipped with: a resonator; a plurality of solid gain media, having fluorescent spectra that a least partially overlap with each other, provided within the resonator; and pumping means, for pumping the plurality of solid gain media. The entire fluorescent spectrum width of the plurality of solid gain media is greater than the fluorescent spectrum width of each solid gain medium.

Abstract: A mode-locked laser device includes a Fabry-Perot resonator, a mode-locking element disposed within the resonator, a solid-state laser medium disposed within the resonator, and exciting means for applying excitation light to the solid-state laser medium. The opposite ends of the resonator, the mode-locking element and the solid-state laser medium are disposed to provide an average beam diameter of lasing light of not more than 150 ?m on the mode-locking element and an average beam diameter of the lasing light of not more than 200 ?m within the solid-state laser medium.

Abstract: Laser light emission across a wide bandwidth emission spectrum is enabled in a laser device equipped with solid gain media. The laser device is equipped with: a resonator; a plurality of solid gain media, having fluorescent spectra that at least partially overlap with each other, provided within the resonator; and pumping means, for pumping the plurality of solid gain media. The entire fluorescent spectrum width of the plurality of solid gain media is greater than the fluorescent spectrum width of each solid gain medium.

Abstract: A mode-locked laser device includes a Fabry-Perot resonator, a mode-locking element disposed within the resonator, a solid-state laser medium disposed within the resonator, and exciting means for applying excitation light to the solid-state laser medium. The opposite ends of the resonator, the mode-locking element and the solid-state laser medium are disposed to provide an average beam diameter of lasing light of not more than 150 ?m on the mode-locking element and an average beam diameter of the lasing light of not more than 200 ?m within the solid-state laser medium.

Abstract: A mode-locked laser device includes a Fabry-Perot resonator, a mode-locking element disposed within the resonator, a solid-state laser medium disposed within the resonator, and exciting means for applying excitation light to the solid-state laser medium. The opposite ends of the resonator, the mode-locking element and the solid-state laser medium are disposed to provide an average beam diameter of lasing light of not more than 150 ?m on the mode-locking element and an average beam diameter of the lasing light of not more than 200 ?m within the solid-state laser medium.

Abstract: A door open/close system for a vehicle includes: a plurality of door open/close devices 11, 11? having a latch mechanism 14 including a latch 13 for engaging with an engaging member 12, a motor 16a (16a?) for driving the latch mechanism 14, and a latch state detecting member 21 (21?); and a control member 4 for starting to drive the motor of any one of all the door open/close device when the latch state detecting member of the one door open/close devices detects that the latch mechanism is in the half-latch state, said control member driving synchronously the motors of all the door open/close devices except the one door open/close device to change the latch mechanisms from the half-latch state to the full-latch state when the latch state detecting members of all the door open/close devices except the one door open/close device detect that the latch mechanisms are in the half-latch state in a case that the door of the vehicle is changed from a fully opened state to a fully closed state.

Abstract: A photomask which improves the imaging performance that the photomask has and forming a good micro image on a wafer in photolithography with a half pitch of 60 nm or less. Provided is a photomask used for photolithography using an ArF excimer laser as an exposing source for immersion exposure by quadrupole-polarized illumination with a high-NA lens. The photomask includes a mask pattern of a light shielding film or semi-transparent film on a transparent substrate, and further, given that a thickness of the light shielding film or semi-transparent film is “t” nm, a refractive index is “n”, an extinction factor is “k”, and a bias of a space part of the mask pattern is “d” nm, when “t”, “d”, “n” and “k” are adjusted and the photomask is used for the photolithography, optical image contrast takes a value exceeding 0.580.

Abstract: A mode-locked laser apparatus includes a resonator (laser cavity), a mode-locking device placed in the resonator, a solid-stated laser medium that is doped with Yb (ytterbium) and placed in the resonator and an excitation means for causing excitation light to enter the solid-state laser medium. In the mode-locked laser apparatus, light with an oscillation wavelength in a wavelength band on the longer wavelength side of the maximum peak wavelength in a fluorescence spectrum of the solid-state laser medium is used as output light.