Abstract: The present invention relates to a rechargeable negative electrode for an electrochemical apparatus using nonaqueous electrolyte, said electrode comprising an alloy comprising Cd and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Sn, Pb, In and Bi, as well as to a rechargeable electrochemical apparatus comprising a combination of said negative electrode with a positive electrode having reversibility in charge and discharge.The above-mentioned negative electrode reversibly absorbs and desorbs alkali metal ions, as the result of charge and discharge, in nonaqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. It undergoes no pulverization even after repeated charge and discharge and maintains its shape stably, so that it has a long chargeand-discharge life. Further, since it can absorb a large quantity of alkali metal per unit volume, it is of high energy density.

Abstract: An alloy capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing lithium ions in a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium ions on charging and discharging has excellent applicability to anode for rechargeable electrochemical devices. However, such alloy, when absorbed with lithium, loses its flexibility, so that when it is incorporated in a device in a charged state, it is subject to trouble such as cracking and can not display its properties. This invention adopts a method in which anode alloy is combined with lithium by connecting them so as to be electronically conductive to each other and this combination is fitted into the device, and then the electrolyte is supplied into the device to have lithium absorbed in anode alloy in the device. According to this method, cracking of cathode can be prevented.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte cell using copper oxide as a cathode active material and lithium or a lithium base alloy as an anode active material has a high energy density and is interchangeable with a general-purpose cell, but it has a disadvantage of voltage drop at an initial discharge stage. The present invention incorporates chalcopyrite as an active material into the copper oxide to eliminate the disadvantage, so that the cell may be used as an electric source for a precision electronic device such as an electronic watch. Furthermore, the present invention improves the efficiency of discharge of the copper oxide itself.

Abstract: Immobilization of enzymes is carried out by covering the surface of a solid support with an enzyme and then contacting the enzyme with an immobilizing reagent in the vapor phase. The immobilizing reagent is preferably an aldehyde or a polymerized aldehyde. By having the immobilizing reagent in vapor phase, the immobilizing reagent concentration can be easily controlled by the vapor pressure. Additionally, there is obtained a uniform covering of immobilized enzyme on the support, and support surfaces which are uneven or curved can be covered with immobilized enzyme regardless of size.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an improved enzyme electrode which includes a first electrode having at least one kind of an enzyme immobilized on it for electrochemically detecting a substance to be produced in association with a reaction based on the enzyme, and a second electrode for electrochemically removing materials which interfere with the detection by the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed at the side of a test solution containing a substrate of the enzyme with respect to the first electrode.

Abstract: An immobilized enzyme electrode effective in measurement of the substrate concentration of the enzyme and in conversion from enzyme reaction energies into electric energies. The immobilized enzyme, of an oxidase system, such as glucose oxidase, amino acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase or the like and a metal oxide capable of constituting a redox system which is reduced through coupling with these enzyme reactions and is electrochemically oxidized (anodic oxidation) are combined with each other. The use of the enzyme electrode allows the determination quantity of the enzyme substrate as extremely low as approximately 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-6 mole/l in concentration.

Abstract: Improvements in a coenzyme electrode used to electrochemically measure the activity of enzyme or substrate concentration of the enzyme easily. The coenzyme is immobilized, without using a semipermeable membrane, on the electron collector directly with the chemical bond, particularly the covalent bond, whereby the activity of the oxide-reductase requiring the coenzyme can be measured. In addition, the oxide-reductase requiring the coenzyme is also immobilized together with such immobilized coenzyme to improve the characteristics of the conventional enzyme-coenzyme immobilized electrode.

Abstract: A cell composed of an anode with a light metal as an active material, a cathode with manganese dioxide as an active material, and an organic electrolyte. The cathode contains an alkaline earth metal oxide. The cell is superior in storage with the swelling of the cell and the increase of the cell impedance is little during the preservation.

Abstract: Improvements in a coenzyme electrode used to electrochemically measure the activity of enzyme or substrate concentration of the enzyme easily. The coenzyme is immobilized, without using a semipermeable membrane, on the electron collector directly with the chemical bond, particularly the covalent bond, whereby the activity of the oxido-reductase requiring the coenzyme can be measured. In addition, the oxido-reductase requiring the coenzyme is also immobilized together with such immobilized coenzyme to improve the characteristics of the conventional enzyme-coenzyme immobilized electrode.

Abstract: An improved active material for the positive electrode of a battery comprising carbon fluoride obtained by fluorinating carbon having a lattice constant of 3.40-3.50 A in its (002) plane. The carbon is selected from among petroleum cokes and coal cokes. The resulting battery has excellent discharge and shelf life characteristics.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode, which comprises an oxidoreductase including, where necessary, a coenzyme; a redox polymer acting as an electron mediator in an enzymatic reaction; and an electron collector, wherein the oxidoreductase and the redox polymer are both maintained in the immobilized state on or in the neighborhood of the electron collector by either one of the methods of; entrapping them with a semi-permeable membrane in the neighborhood of the electron collector, or chemically superimposing them on the electron collector or moulding them including the electron collector in a unit with the help of chemical treatment.

Abstract: A stripping column for removing volatile matter from a slurry containing sedimentary solid matter and the volatile matter, comprising a plurality of trays each consisting of a plurality of tray segments, a baffle plate and a downcomer, each of the tray segments being so formed as to have many inclined slits and inclined flat planes. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a process for such removal using the stripping column.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvement in an organic electrolyte battery employing a light metal as an anodic material; organic electrolyte; and CuO as a cathodic material.By using, as the cathodic material, the solid solution of alkali metal oxide and CuO as a mother substance, the delivered volumetric energy density of the battery is fairly increased.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing fermented milk containing viable bifidobacteria by cultivating a variant of bifidobacteria in a milk medium, characterized in that the variant of bifidobacteria is acid-resistant and can be propagated under an aerobic condition in a pure milk medium which does not contain any growth-promoting substance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing fermented milk containing viable bifidobacteria by cultivating a variant of bifidobacteria in a milk medium, characterized in that the variant of bifidobacteria can be propagated under aerobic condition in a pure milk medium which does not contain any growth-promoting substance.