Abstract: To provide an optical switcher capable of sending incident light on one input port to any plurality of output ports. The optical switcher includes input ports disposed on extensions of m input optical paths (m being 2 or greater natural number), output ports disposed on extensions of n output optical paths (n being 2 or greater natural number), and movable translucent switch mirrors 311-3mn, disposed at intersections of the m input optical paths and the n output optical paths, for switching between the input optical paths and the output optical paths. A switch mirror 311-3mn located nearer the input ports has a higher transmittance.

Abstract: A &Dgr;-&Sgr; converter comprises a &Dgr;-&Sgr; modulator and a digital filter. The &Dgr;-&Sgr; modulator has a comparator having two resonant tunnel diodes connected to each other in series between two terminals and a field effect transistor connected in parallel to one of the resonant tunnel diodes, a conversion input transistor for converting an input voltage into electric current, a capacitor provided so that charge amount thereof is decreased by flow of electric current through the conversion input transistor and an electric potential proportional to the charge amount is used for the input electric potential to the comparator, and a feedback transistor, to which an output of the comparator is inputted, operating in such a way as to increase the charge amount of the capacitance element when the output of the comparator becomes a high level.

Abstract: It is provided an automatic MDF control system comprising: a plurality of matrix boards provided with openings in locations where a plurality of first wires and second wires cross without electrical connections; a robot which inserts electrically conductive connecting pins into the openings and connects the first wires with the second wires where the pins are inserted; a path data conversion unit converting connection requests from an operating terminal into path data having a plurality of addresses of the openings; a robot command conversion unit receiving the path data and converting the path data into robot commands for controlling activity of the robot as a distance moved by the robot moving between the plurality of addresses being reduced by a selected sequence of the converted path data; and a robot control unit controlling the activity of the robot based on the robot commands.

Abstract: A stepper motor comprises a rotor assembly, two bobbin assemblies and two stator assemblies. The stator assemblies are located to sandwich the rotor assembly radially therebetween. Each stator assembly includes upper and lower yokes, columnar cores and a bobbin assembly.

Abstract: A quantum interference device has semiconductor heterojunctions laminated on a semiconductor substrate for forming a two-dimensional electron gas channel. On the semiconductor heterojunctions are formed a first, a second and a third electrode which, upon the application of a negative voltage, form a depletion region within the semiconductor heterojunctions, thereby making the resulting two-dimensional electron gas channel a quantum wire of a stub structure comprising an entrance and an exit for electron waves, and a stub formed between the entrance and the exit. The second and third electrodes each have a first side substantially parallel to a side of the first electrode. The second and third electrodes also have a second side parallel to each other's second side. On a site near the edge of said stub is provided a fourth electrode for defining the effective length of the stub by a voltage applied thereto.

Abstract: A system for compensating for spatial errors of a movable machinery having a three-dimensional spatial mechanism includes a command generator for generating a commanded coordinate value in the space of command; a position controller for operating in response to the commanded coordinates value as an input; a position detector for detecting the operating position set by the position controller on the space of motion as a coordinate value of the space of command; and a spatial error compensating unit for compensating for spatial errors between the space of command and the space of motion contained in the output coordinate value of the position detector, outputting a compensated coordinate value as a measured value and correcting the commanded coordinate value by use of the compensated coordinate value, and the spatial error compensation and the motion control on the compensated space of command can be realized by use of only one system of function generator.

Abstract: A working system comprises a machining center numerically controlled, a pallet stocker disposed in the vicinity of the machining center and storing a number of pallets therein, a preparatory station for setting-up work on a pallet, a conveying unit for automatically conveying the pallet from the pallet stocker to the preparatory station or the machining center, and a control apparatus for controlling an operation of the working system.

Abstract: An automatic pallet changer comprising a reciprocating device (11) which is moved in a reciprocating motion toward a machine side and arranged between at least two pallet stations (13a) and (13b) on a pallet supporting base (10), pallet engaging device (17 to 20) which are provided at two points at the front of and at two points at the back of the reciprocating device (11) and adapted to detachably engage engaging portions (23) of the pallets (1a, 1b), a first driving device (31 to 36) for driving the reciprocating device and a second driving device (37 to 39) for driving the pallet engaging devices (17 to 20).

Abstract: The superlattice type semiconductor material has a multilayered structure of first layers of semiconductor containing impurities and having a thickness thinner than electron or hole wavelength and second layers of semiconductor free from impurities or insulator having such a thickness that electrons or holes may penetrate by tunneling effect, the first and second layers being alternately piled. Electrons or holes distribute uniformly over the entire of the multilayered structure to show a property of uniform semiconductor material.

Abstract: The superlattice type semiconductor material has a multilayered structure of first layers of semiconductor containing impurities and having a thickness thinner than electron or hole wavelength and second layers of semiconductor free from impurities or insulator having such a thickness that electrons or holes may penetrate by tunneling effect, the first and second layers being alternately piled. Electrons or holes distribute uniformly over the entire of the multilayered structure to show a property of uniform semiconductor material.

Abstract: A container for freezing or preserving physiological saline solutions for medical use is disclosed which is resistant to extremely low temperatures and which comprises laminated sheets. Each laminated sheet comprises an inner layer of unstretched film of polyethylene having a viscometric average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more and a light-scattering average molecular weight of 3,000,000 or more; and an outer layer of polyethylene terephthalate or the like.

Abstract: A multilayer parison extrusion molding machine for blow molding which is characterized in that a main extruder and one or more sub-extruders are radially attached to special diehead and said die head comprises a core holder having a core pin at the lower end; a cylindrical mandrel enclosing said core holder; a plurality of sleeves surrounding said mandrel; housings surrounding said sleeves respectively; one or more pressure rings controlling the space in molten resin passages; pressure ring adjusting screws; an extrusion die; and a die adjusting screw.