Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric element that includes an electron transport layer having excellent electron transport properties and a sufficiently large reaction interface and has low resistance loss and excellent conversion efficiency between light and electricity. The photoelectric element includes a first electrode 3, a second electrode 4, an electron transport layer 1 and a hole transport layer 5 interposed between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4, an electrolyte solution, and a sensitizing dye. The electron transport layer 1 includes an organic compound having an oxidation-reduction site capable of repeated oxidation-reduction. The electrolyte solution serves to stabilize a reduction state of the oxidation-reduction site. The organic compound and the electrolyte solution form a gel layer 2. The sensitizing dye is provided in contact with the electron transport layer 1.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus includes a motor for applying assist torque to a vehicle steering mechanism and a controller, which controls driving of the motor to cause the assist torque to follow an assist command value. The controller calculates a basic assist command value based on steering torque applied to the steering mechanism and corrects the basic assist command value using a correction value, thereby setting the assist command value. If the steering torque has an absolute value greater than a threshold value when the vehicle is in a straight-line traveling state, the controller sets the correction value such that the absolute value of the steering torque is reduced. If the steering torque has an absolute value less than the threshold value when the vehicle is in a straight-line traveling state, the controller sets the correction value such that the absolute value of the assist command value is reduced.

Abstract: A photoelectric element provided with an electron transport layer having excellent electron transport property and sufficiently wide reaction interface, and that has excellent conversion efficiency. The photoelectric element has an electron transport layer 3 and a hole transport layer 4 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 2 and 5. The electron transport layer 3 is formed of an organic compound having a redox moiety capable of being oxidized and reduced repeatedly. The organic compound contains an electrolyte solution which stabilizes the reduced state of the redox moiety, and forms a gel layer 6 containing a sensitizing dye.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-absorbing material capable of providing high photoelectric conversion efficiency when applied to a photoelectric conversion element. The light-absorbing material of the present invention has a structure represented by Formula (1) below: X—Y??(1) (wherein X represents a light-absorbing site, and Y represents a radical site that becomes a radical when in an oxidized state and/or when in a reduced state, and is capable of repeated oxidation-reduction).

Abstract: To provide a photoelectric element A including a first electrode 2, a second electrode 3 arranged opposite to the first electrode 2, an electron transport layer 1 provided on a face of the first electrode 2, the face being opposite to the second electrode 3, a photosensitizer 5 supported on the electron transport layer 1, and a hole transport layer 4 interposed between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The electron transport layer 1 includes a filled part 8 containing an organic molecule.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide a photpelectrical device with a superior conversion efficiency, which comprises an electron transport layer giving a superior electron-transporting performance and a sufficiently large dimentional interface. The photoelectric device further comprises a pair of electrode and a hole transport layer with the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer being interposed between electrodes. The electron transport layer is made of an organic compound having a redox moiety capable of being oxidized and reduced repeatedly. The organic compound is included in a gel layer containing an electrolyte solution which stabilizes a reduction state of the redox moiety.

Abstract: A photoelectric element includes a first electrode; and a second electrode positioned so as to face the first electrode; and a semiconductor disposed on a face of the first electrode, the face being positioned so as to face the second electrode; and a photosensitizer carried on the semiconductor; and a first charge-transport layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a second charge-transport layer interposed between the first charge-transport layer and the second electrode. The first charge-transport layer and the second charge-transport layer contain different oxidation-reduction materials. The oxidation-reduction material in the first charge-transport layer has an oxidation-reduction potential higher than an oxidation-reduction potential of the oxidation-reduction material in the second charge-transport layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode composite that has a reaction interface with a large area and can constitute a photoelectric element having high electron transport properties between the reaction interface and the electrode. The electrode composite of the present invention includes a first electrode and a conductive particle layer stacked on the first electrode. The conductive particle layer includes conductive particles containing acicular particles. The conductive particle layer has a three-dimensional porous network structure that is formed by the interconnection of the conductive particles. The three-dimensional network structure is joined to the first electrode. The conductive particle layer contains pores having a pore size of 50 nm or more in a total volume of 50% or more based on the volume of all pores in the conductive particle layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric element having an excellent conversion efficiency and provided with a hole transporting layer that is endowed with excellent hole transporting properties and a sufficiently large reaction interface. The photoelectric element of the invention has a pair of electrodes, an electron transporting layer and a hole transporting layer which are disposed between the electrodes, and an electrolyte solution. The hole transporting layer includes a first organic compound having a redox moiety capable of repeated oxidation and reduction. The electrolyte solution stabilizes a reduced state of the redox moiety. The organic compound and the electrolyte solution together form a first gel layer.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric element that includes an electron transport layer having excellent electron transport properties and a sufficiently large reaction interface and has low resistance loss and excellent conversion efficiency between light and electricity. The photoelectric element includes a first electrode 3, a second electrode 4, an electron transport layer 1 and a hole transport layer 5 interposed between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4, an electrolyte solution, and a sensitizing dye. The electron transport layer 1 includes an organic compound having an oxidation-reduction site capable of repeated oxidation-reduction. The electrolyte solution serves to stabilize a reduction state of the oxidation-reduction site. The organic compound and the electrolyte solution form a gel layer 2. The sensitizing dye is provided in contact with the electron transport layer 1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit configured to form, on an image carrier, a first correction pattern including developer images of a plurality of colors, and a second correction pattern including developer images of the plurality of colors; a registration correction unit configured to perform registration correction control based on a detection result of the developer images of the first correction pattern; and a density correction unit configured to perform density correction control based on a detection result of the second correction pattern. The density correction unit is further configured to decide a detection result of the developer image of at least one color of the second correction pattern used for the density correction control based on a detection result of the developer image of the first correction pattern.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element having high photovoltaic conversion efficiency is provided. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode, and an electron transport layer provided on a face of the first electrode, and the face is opposite to the second electrode. The photoelectric conversion element further includes a photosensitizer supported on the electron transport layer and a hole transport layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electron transport layer contains a perylene imide derivative of [Chemical Formula 1].

Abstract: A photoelectric element 1 includes a first electrode, an electron transport layer supporting a photosensitizer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode, and these components are stacked in the above order. The electron transport layer is formed of an organic compound produced by electrolytic polymerization of a precursor having, within one molecule thereof, two or more moieties each having a structure represented by the following structural formula (1). The photoelectric element 1 includes a gel layer composed of the organic compound and an electrolyte solution infiltrated into the organic compound.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide adsorption and release device, which has high adsorptivity, and also consumes low energy upon adsorption and desorption.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element comprising: an electron transport layer which has an excellent electron transport property and a sufficient reaction interface, and having excellent conversion efficiency. In the present invention, a photoelectric conversion element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; a stack of an electron transport layer and hole transport layer, the stack being interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte solution; and a conductive agent; the electron transport layer containing an organic compound having a redox moiety causing repetitive oxidation-reduction reactions, the electrolyte solution being selected to give stable reduction condition of the redox moiety, the organic compound and the electrolyte solution being cooperative to form a gel layer. Wherein the conductive agent is present within the gal layer and kept at least partly in contact with the first electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric element having an excellent conversion efficiency and provided with a hole transporting layer that is endowed with excellent hole transporting properties and a sufficiently large reaction interface. The photoelectric element of the invention has a pair of electrodes, an electron transporting layer and a hole transporting layer which are disposed between the electrodes, and an electrolyte solution. The hole transporting layer includes a first organic compound having a redox moiety capable of repeated oxidation and reduction. The electrolyte solution stabilizes a reduced state of the redox moiety. The organic compound and the electrolyte solution together form a first gel layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-absorbing material capable of providing high photoelectric conversion efficiency when applied to a photoelectric conversion element. The light-absorbing material of the present invention has a structure represented by Formula (1) below: X—Y??(1) (wherein X represents a light-absorbing site, and Y represents a radical site that becomes a radical when in an oxidized state and/or when in a reduced state, and is capable of repeated oxidation-reduction).

Abstract: A photoelectric element provided with an electron transport layer having excellent electron transport property and sufficiently wide reaction interface, and that has excellent conversion efficiency. The photoelectric element has an electron transport layer 3 and a hole transport layer 4 sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 2 and 5. The electron transport layer 3 is formed of an organic compound having a redox moiety capable of being oxidized and reduced repeatedly. The organic compound contains an electrolyte solution which stabilizes the reduced state of the redox moiety, and forms a gel layer 6 containing a sensitizing dye.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention including: an electrode having, on one surface, a semiconductor layer with a sensitizing dye supported thereon, a counter electrode positioned opposing the semiconductor layer, and a charge transport layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode, wherein at least one of the electrode and the counter electrode is a transparent conductive film prepared by laminating an ITO film and an FTO film, and part or all of the crystal structure of the surface of the FTO film is orthorhombic.

Abstract: A method for fabricating metal-coated organic crystal wherein a reaction of an organic crystal with transition metal salt in alkaline aqueous solution under visible light irradiation, wherein, when energy at the top of valence band of the organic crystal is defined as A (eV) and energy at the bottom of conduction band of the organic crystal is defined as B (eV), redox potential C (V) of transition metal ion or transition metal complex ion, when said transition metal salt is dissolved in the alkaline aqueous solution, these three parameters should satisfy the following relation (1): ?A?4.5?C??B?4.5.