Abstract: An EGR valve includes: an inner housing including a flow passage; a valve element which opens and closes the flow passage; a valve shaft on which the valve element is provided; an outer housing in which the inner housing is assembled; and a drive unit which drives the valve shaft. The flow passage of the inner housing includes an inlet and an outlet. The outer housing includes an assembly hole and separate flow passages. When the inner housing is assembled in the assembly hole, the inlet and the outlet of the inner housing communicate with the separate flow passages of the outer housing; an inlet sealing member is provided between the inner housing and the outer housing to correspond to the periphery of the inlet; and an outlet sealing member is provided between the inner housing and the outer housing to correspond to the periphery of the outlet.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus for subjecting a video image to motion compensated prediction coding, comprising an acquisition module to acquire available blocks of blocks having motion vectors from encoded blocks adjacent to a to-be-encoded block and number of the available blocks, an acquisition/selection module to select one selection block from the encoded available blocks, a selection information encoder to encode selection information specifying the selection block using a code table corresponding to the number of available blocks, and an image encoder to subject the to-be-encoded block to motion compensated prediction coding using a motion vector of the selection block.

Abstract: An adsorption evaluation apparatus includes a measurement unit and an evaluation unit. The measurement unit irradiates a porous framework being an evaluation object with a terahertz wave, and performs measurement of a refractive index or a real part of a complex permittivity of the porous framework based on the terahertz wave which interacted with the porous framework. The evaluation unit performs evaluation of adsorption of a substance on the porous framework based on the refractive index or the real part of the complex permittivity of the porous framework measured by the measurement unit.

Abstract: A rotary electric machine includes a housing having a tubular shape extending in a first direction and including an opening that opens to one side in the first direction, a first board on one side in a second direction intersecting the first direction with respect to the housing, and a lid fixed to an end portion on one side in the first direction of the housing. The housing includes a through hole penetrating the housing in the second direction. The lid includes a connector including a first terminal and a holder to hold the first terminal, and a cover that covers the opening and holder and is defined by a same structure as that of the holder.

Abstract: A management device includes: a specification information acquisition unit configured to acquire specification information indicating a specification of a configuration of an in-vehicle network; a state information acquisition unit configured to acquire state information indicating an assembly state, in the in-vehicle network, of a plurality of in-vehicle devices forming the in-vehicle network; and a comparison unit configured to compare the specification indicated by the specification information acquired by the specification information acquisition unit with the assembly state indicated by the state information acquired by the state information acquisition unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprises a base steel sheet and a glass coating that is formed on the surface of the base steel sheet, and is characterized in that: the base steel sheet contains as chemical components, in mass %, 0.010% or less of C, from 2.00% to 4.00% of Si, from 0.05% to 1.00% of Mn, from 0.010% to 0.065% of Al, 0.004% or less of N and 0.010% or less of S, with the balance of Fe and impurities, wherein the oxygen concentration in the glass coating and the base steel sheet is 2,500 ppm or less; and if IAl_1 is the first peak intensity of Al and IAl_2 is the second peak intensity of Al in the concentration profile of Al, the relationship of mathematical formula (1) IAl_1<IAl_2 is satisfied.

Abstract: An in-vehicle control device is installed in a vehicle and comprises a control unit performing control related to communication between a first in-vehicle device and a second in-vehicle device via an in-vehicle network. The control unit generates setting information of the in-vehicle network according to a state of the vehicle, derives a required time period required to change a network setting according to the setting information in the first in-vehicle device, derives a required time period required to change a network setting according to the setting information in the second in-vehicle device, and performs a setting change instruction on at least one of the network setting in the first in-vehicle device and the network setting in the second in-vehicle device so that the derived two required time periods at least partially overlap with each other.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus (100) includes a position information acquisition unit (102) that acquires position information of a customer, and an order reception unit (104) that receives an order for product purchase by the customer at a virtual store, when the position information satisfies a criterion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: The optical element for a low frequency band includes a substrate including a first main face and a second main face, the substrate having birefringence, and an antireflection film located on the first main face, wherein the low frequency band is lower than a reststrahlen band of the antireflection film, wherein an absolute value of a difference between a first refractive index and a second refractive index of the substrate in the low frequency band is 0.2 or more, and wherein a thickness of the substrate is 15 ?m or more and 4000 ?m or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An access control apparatus (2000) acquires a request (20) for access to data stored in a first storage apparatus 30. The access control apparatus (2000) acquires privilege information (70) from a blockchain storage (40). The privilege information (70) represents access privilege pertaining to access to the first storage apparatus (30). The access control apparatus (2000) determines whether requested access is within a range of the access privilege of a target entity (10) being a subject of the request (20), by using the privilege information (70) of the target entity (10). When it is determined that the access is within the range of the access privilege of the target entity (10), the access control apparatus (2000) executes the access.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measurement device includes: a light source unit configured to output pump light and probe light; a terahertz wave generation unit configured to generate a terahertz wave by the input of the pump light; a terahertz wave detection unit to which the terahertz wave and the probe light are input and configured to modulate the probe light based on a refractive index that changes due to an electro-optical effect according to the input of the terahertz wave; and a light detection unit configured to detect the probe light modulated by the terahertz wave detection unit. A main body unit is configured to include the light source unit and the light detection unit. A measurement unit is configured to include the terahertz wave generation unit and the terahertz wave detection unit. The main body unit and the measurement unit are optically connected to each other by a polarization maintaining fiber.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.