Abstract: A wave plate comprising: a prism member having an entrance surface for receiving a terahertz wave T, and an exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T received by the entrance surface; wherein the prism member is constituted by a plurality of waveguide regions having: a partial entrance surface for receiving a part of the terahertz wave T, a plurality of total reflection surfaces for totally reflecting the terahertz wave T from the partial entrance surface, and a partial exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T totally reflected from the total reflection surfaces; and each of the partial entrance surfaces combine to constitute the entrance surface of the prism member, and each of the partial exit surfaces combine to constitute the exit surface of the prism member, by stacking waveguide regions.

Abstract: An vehicle equipment control device includes a memory and a processor. The processor determines whether a state of a vehicle will transition to another state, the vehicle being equipped with an vehicle equipment having a function including providing a service to a user, in a case in which the state of the vehicle will transition, acquires at least one of a communication amount or a calculation amount which will be required by the vehicle equipment after the state of the vehicle has transitioned to another state. The in-vehicle equipment control device is configured to determine whether to change the parameters of the vehicle equipment based at least partially on the state of the battery of the vehicle such that at least one of the acquired communication amount or the acquired calculation amount.

Abstract: A measurement auxiliary member is placed on an arrangement surface of a prism. A measurement object is placed on an upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member. The measurement auxiliary member totally reflects the terahertz wave input from a lower surface by the upper surface and outputs the totally-reflected terahertz wave from the lower surface. A main pulse of a terahertz wave totally reflected by the upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member without multiply-reflected inside any optical element on an optical path of the terahertz wave, and a noise pulse of a terahertz wave multiply-reflected inside any optical element on the optical path and reflected on an interface between the prism and the measurement auxiliary member, are temporally separated from each other when detecting a correlation by a terahertz wave detection element.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; an exposing device configured to expose the photoconductor and form an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a developing device including a developing roller configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a transfer device configured to transfer the developer image to a sheet; a developer storage storing developer; a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer storage to the developing device; a sheet feeder configured to convey the sheet toward the transfer device; a sheet sensor configured to detect the sheet conveyed toward the transfer device; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to start a supplying process of supplying, by the supplier, the developer to the developing device before formation of the electrostatic latent image corresponding to the sheet is started, based on a signal indicating that the sheet sensor has detected the sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; an exposing device configured to expose the photoconductor and form an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a developing device including a developing roller configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a transfer device configured to transfer the developer image to a sheet; a developer storage storing developer; a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer storage to the developing device; a sheet feeder configured to convey the sheet toward the transfer device; a sheet sensor configured to detect the sheet conveyed toward the transfer device; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to start a supplying process of supplying, by the supplier, the developer to the developing device before formation of the electrostatic latent image corresponding to the sheet is started, based on a signal indicating that the sheet sensor has detected the sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A receptacle storage structure formed in an interior member of a sliding door movable in a front-and-rear direction of a vehicle, includes a bottom wall part and a peripheral wall part forming a storage space with an upward opening. The peripheral wall part includes a displacement wall part forming at least an upper part of a front-side wall part in the front-and-rear direction and displaceable to a front side in the front-and-rear direction. The displacement wall part is tiltable to the front side in the front-and-rear direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a housing; a photoconductor; a developing unit configured to form a developer image on the photoconductor; a developer cartridge storing developer, the cartridge being removably mountable on the housing, a supplier configured to supply the developer from the developer cartridge to the developing unit; and a controller configured to execute a first printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer supplied from the developer cartridge, when the developer cartridge is being mounted on the housing, and a second printing process of forming a developer image by use of the developer remaining in the developing unit, when a usage amount of the developing unit is not less than a predetermined value and the developer cartridge is not being mounted on the housing, wherein the controller does not execute the second printing process when the usage amount is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A wave plate comprising: a prism member having an entrance surface for receiving a terahertz wave T, and an exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T received by the entrance surface; wherein the prism member is constituted by a plurality of waveguide regions having: a partial entrance surface for receiving a part of the terahertz wave T, a plurality of total reflection surfaces for totally reflecting the terahertz wave T from the partial entrance surface, and a partial exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T totally reflected from the total reflection surfaces; and each of the partial entrance surfaces combine to constitute the entrance surface of the prism member, and each of the partial exit surfaces combine to constitute the exit surface of the prism member, by stacking waveguide regions.

Abstract: An on-vehicle relay device that is connected to a first on-vehicle device and a second on-vehicle device via an on-vehicle network, and relays a message transmitted from the first on-vehicle device to the second on-vehicle device, includes a processor configured to receive a permission request for transmission of a first message from the first on-vehicle device, determine whether the total of the usage rate of the bandwidth of the on-vehicle network used by at least one message already permitted to be transmitted via the on-vehicle network, and the usage rate of the bandwidth of the on-vehicle network used by the first message is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value, and send a reply that permits transmission of the first message, to the first on-vehicle device, when the sum is equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A wave plate comprising: a prism member having an entrance surface for receiving a terahertz wave T, and an exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T received by the entrance surface; wherein the prism member is constituted by a plurality of waveguide regions having: a partial entrance surface for receiving a part of the terahertz wave T, a plurality of total reflection surfaces for totally reflecting the terahertz wave T from the partial entrance surface, and a partial exit surface for emitting the terahertz wave T totally reflected from the total reflection surfaces; and each of the partial entrance surfaces combine to constitute the entrance surface of the prism member, and each of the partial exit surfaces combine to constitute the exit surface of the prism member, by stacking waveguide regions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum is rotatable about a first axis extending in a particular direction. A frame rotatably supports the photosensitive drum. A developing roller is rotatable according to driving force about a second axis extending in the particular direction. A surface of the developing roller contacts a surface of the photosensitive drum through toner. A resistance generating member generates a resistance torque TQ1 serving as resistance between the frame and photosensitive drum in a case where the photosensitive drum rotates relative to the frame. In a case where the developing roller rotates according to the driving force in a state where the surface of the developing roller contacts the surface of the photosensitive drum through toner, the resistance torque TQ1 is smaller than a torque TQ2 that causes the photosensitive drum to rotate due to friction between the surface of the developing roller and the surface of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: In an intake air cooling device, a heat-exchanging core portion in an intercooler has an intake-air downstream-side core portion and an intake-air upstream-side core portion located upstream of the intake-air downstream-side core portion in a flow of intake air. The intake-air downstream-side core portion is located upstream of the intake-air upstream-side core portion in a flow of a cooling fluid. The intercooler has a U-turn portion at which a flow direction of the cooling fluid turns around between the intake-air downstream-side core portion and the intake-air upstream-side core portion. A flow rate control device intermittently supplies the intercooler with a predetermined volume of the cooling fluid at a time. The predetermined volume is a value determined on basis of a volumetric capacity of a cooling fluid channel in the intake-air downstream-side core portion.

Abstract: A resin molding is provided. The resin molding includes an optically transparent plate-shaped portion which consists essentially of a single material and which includes a first surface having a smooth surface portion, and a second surface having plural convex portions. Each of the plural convex portions includes a first inclined surface having a concavo-convex portion thereon; and a second inclined surface having a smooth surface portion. The concavo-convex portion allows at least part of light incident from the first surface to cause total reflection, diffraction and interference and to travel toward the smooth surface portion of the second inclined surface, and the smooth surface portion selectively reflects visible light in a predetermined wavelength range toward the first surface, so that when the first surface of the resin molding is observed from outside, the resin molding has a colored appearance with at least one color in addition to a metallic appearance.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: a photoconductor; a developing device; a developer storage; a supplier configured to supply developer; an optical sensor; and a controller configured to execute: a developing process of developing an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor; a usage-amount obtaining process of obtaining a usage amount of the developer; a supplying process of supplying the developer to the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a first threshold; and a detecting process of detecting, by the optical sensor, an amount of the developer in the developing device every time when the obtained usage amount becomes equal to or greater than a second threshold larger than the first threshold, and wherein the controller is configured to execute the detecting process in a period different from a period in which the developing process is being executed.

Abstract: An on-vehicle relay device that is connected to a first on-vehicle device and a second on-vehicle device via an on-vehicle network, and relays a message transmitted from the first on-vehicle device to the second on-vehicle device, includes a processor configured to receive a permission request for transmission of a first message from the first on-vehicle device, determine whether the total of the usage rate of the bandwidth of the on-vehicle network used by at least one message already permitted to be transmitted via the on-vehicle network, and the usage rate of the bandwidth of the on-vehicle network used by the first message is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value, and send a reply that permits transmission of the first message, to the first on-vehicle device, when the sum is equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a frame member rotatably supported about a first axis line, a detection body disposed inside of the frame member and rotatably supported relative to the frame member about a second axis line, and a vane disposed on one end side of the detection body in a direction orthogonal to the second axis line and that directs the other end side of the detection body in the direction orthogonal to the second axis line toward an air flow upstream side upon receiving an air flow. The measurement device includes a wind direction sensor disposed in the detection body that detects a wind direction as a direction of the other end side of the detection body in the direction orthogonal to the second axis line, and a wind speed sensor disposed in the detection body that detects a wind speed of the air flow.