Abstract: A first detector is provided for detecting an optical disc inserted in an opening of a reproducing system and for producing a first signal, and a second detector is provided on a reproducing device for detecting the disc carried to the device and for producing a second signal. A sensing circuit is provided for sensing a temporary reduction of a voltage of power supplied to the system and for producing a temporary reduction signal. A control means is provided to be responsive to the first signal and to the temporary reduction signal for operating a carrying device to carry the disc in an unloading direction, and in a loading direction when the disc reaches a predetermined position.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter is free from any loss arising from the impedance mismatching by finding out optimum values achieving a widened band and lowered loss for the electrode width of the interdigital transducer and reflector electrodes. The surface acoustic wave filter includes interdigital transducers and reflectors arranged on both sides of the transducer. The piezoelectric substrate has a ratio h/&lgr; of an electrode thickness h to a surface acoustic wave wavelength &lgr; lying within the range of 0.05≦h/&lgr;0.15 and has an electrode width ratio wr/pr of a reflector electrode width wr to an electrode pitch pr lying within the range of 0.5≦wr/pr≦0.6 and has an electrode width ratio wi/pi of an interdigital transducer interdigital electrode width wi to a pitch pi lying within the range of 0.6≦wi/pi≦0.9.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter is free from any loss arising from the impedance mismatching by finding out optimum values achieving a widened band and lowered loss for the electrode width of the interdigital transducer and reflector electrodes. The surface acoustic wave filter includes interdigital transducers and reflectors arranged on both sides of the transducer. The piezoelectric substrate has a ratio h/&lgr; of an electrode thickness h to a surface acoustic wave wavelength &lgr; lying within the range of 0.05≦h/&lgr;≦0.15 and has an electrode width ratio wr/pr of a reflector electrode width wr to an electrode pitch pr lying within the range of 0.5≦wr/pr≦0.6 and has an electrode width ratio wi/pi of an interdigital transducer interdigital electrode width wi to a pitch pi lying within the range of 0.6≦wi/pi≦0.9.

Abstract: A disc reproducing apparatus is provided which is adapted to scan information tracks to read information recorded on an information recording medium. This disc reproducing apparatus comprises: determining means capable of determining an actually happened track jump, said determining being effected when a difference between a present reproducing positional information and a reference reproducing positional information is larger than a predetermined value; detecting means for detecting a present track position which is just being reproduced at a present time; and setting means for setting said predetermined value corresponding to the present track position, in accordance with a result of the detecting means.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus further includes a member which charges the transfer paper in a polarity reversed to a polarity of the transfer drum, so that the transfer drum can attract the transfer sheet electrostatically in a satisfactory manner. The image forming apparatus further includes a charge control mechanism for controlling the amount of charges on the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A system for reproducing recording mediums has a reproducing device, a storing device for storing a plurality of recording mediums, a moving device for relatively moving the reproducing device and storing device for reproducing a recording medium. A controller is provided to be responsive to a command for operating the moving device for positioning the reproducing device and the storing device at predetermined fixable initializing positions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus further includes an upstream member or layer on the electrode member which charges the transfer paper in a polarity reversed to a polarity of the transfer drum, so that the transfer drum can attract the transfer sheet electrostatically in a satisfactory manner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. A nip time changing controller changes the amount of time that a transfer sheet is in the nip between the transfer drum and the grounded conductive electrode member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus further includes a member which charges the transfer paper in a polarity reversed to a polarity of the transfer drum, so that the transfer drum can attract the transfer sheet electrostatically in a satisfactory manner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. The transfer drum includes the inner side conductive layer, a semi-conductive layer, and a dielectric layer provided on the surface of the drum. The dielectric layer can be made to adhere to the semi-conductive layer by thermally contracting this layer or the semi-conductive and dielectric layer can be made of a one-piece construction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum, and a grounded conductive electrode member is pressed against a dielectric layer provided on an outer side of the transfer drum through the transfer paper. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus further includes a member which charges the transfer paper in a polarity reversed to a polarity of the transfer drum, so that the transfer drum can attract the transfer sheet electrostatically in a satisfactory manner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a photoreceptor drum on which a toner image is formed, a transfer drum for transferring the toner image formed to transfer paper by bringing the transfer paper into contact with the photoreceptor drum, and a pair of register rollers for supplying the transfer paper to the transfer drum at a predetermined time and for curling the transfer paper in an arc. The register rollers include first and second rollers pressed against each other, the first roller being a predetermined hardness and the second roller being a hardness larger than the first roller. The transfer drum is disposed on the same side as the second roller with respect to an imaginary tangent line touching the surface of the second roller at one end of a contact section between the first and second rollers.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer drum which attracts and holds a transfer paper electrostatically. A toner image formed on a photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer paper when the transfer paper is wound around the transfer drum and brought into contact with the photosensitive drum. A variable voltage is applied to a conductive layer provided on an inner side of the transfer drum so as to either transfer the image onto the transfer paper or attract the transfer paper to the transfer roller. The transfer voltage is lower than the attracting voltage. The voltage applied to the transfer drum for both transfer and attraction will be variable depending on a detected humidity or type of transfer paper. In addition, a manual adjusting device is capable of adjusting the transfer or attraction voltage.

Abstract: Representative points are added to peripheral pixels in every black pixel groups. The thus generated representative points are joined by a curve-fitting approximation method to obtain an outlined curve for every black pixel group. One pixel is divided into a multiple number of sub-pixels. Pulse signals supplied to a laser is modulated on pulse width so that the sub-pixels (hatched section) belonging to the inside of each curve may be exposed to laser beams.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a photoreceptor drum whereon a toner image is to be formed, a transfer drum for transferring the toner image to a transfer material by making the transfer material contact with the photoreceptor drum, the transfer drum having a dielectric layer, semiconducting layer and conducting layer laminated in this order from a surface which comes into contact with the transfer material, a power source section for applying any voltage to the conducting layer, and a grounded conducting roller which is located in an upstream section in a transfer material transporting direction with respect to a transfer position on a surface of the dielectric layer and comes into contact with the dielectric layer surface through the transfer material. The volume resistivity of the dielectric layer is not lower than 40 percent of the volume resistivity of the semiconducting layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a photoreceptor drum on which a toner image is formed, a transfer drum for transferring the toner image to paper by bringing the paper into contact with the photoreceptor drum, the transfer drum having a dielectric layer, a semi-conductive layer and a conductive layer laminated in this order from the paper side, a power source which is connected to the conductive layer so as to apply a predetermined voltage to the conductive layer, and a conductive roller for pressing the paper against a surface of the dielectric layer so as to produce a potential difference between the conductive layer and the paper. The potential difference induces charges of the same polarity as the voltage applied to the conductive layer on the surface of the dielectric layer, and charges of the opposite polarity on a back surface of the paper pressed against the surface of the dielectric layer.