Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining a quantity of each of a plurality of inner pack configurations to purchase for a plurality of stores. Available inner pack configurations are received along with a particular number of each inner pack configuration contained in an outer pack and mismatch cost data. A first inner pack configuration is identified from the available inner pack configurations for a store, where the first inner pack configuration best matches the demand profile for the store. Quantities of the first inner pack configuration across purchase orders of the stores are summed to generate a first total to be included in the purchase order. Inner pack configurations are added or subtracted to the purchase order so that an adjusted first total is a multiple of the particular number of inner packs that the outer pack contains.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining a distribution of each of a plurality of inner packs to a plurality of stores. Mismatch cost data and product demand data are received for the plurality of stores. A first inner pack quantity for distribution is determined based on the product demand data. A supply difference amount is determined, where the supply difference amount is a difference between the first inner pack quantity and the number of first inner packs available for distribution. A determination is made that adjusting the first inner pack quantity for the particular store based on the supply difference amount would have less effect on mismatch costs than other stores, and the first inner pack quantity is adjusted for the particular store based on the supply difference.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining a plurality of pack configurations to make available for distribution to a plurality of stores, wherein a pack configuration contains a particular number of units of each of a plurality of variations of a product. An allowable pack size constraint, a maximum pack configuration constraint, mismatch cost data, and product demand data for the plurality of stores are received. A first pack and a second pack for the store are determined, wherein the first pack contains a particular number of each of the variations of the product, wherein the first pack meets the allowable pack size constraint and minimizes mismatch costs for the store. Stores are clustered based on similarity of their demand data until the total pack configuration amount across all clusters meets the maximum pack configuration constraint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounted optical component and also a method for the production of mounted optical components. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of mounted optical components.

Abstract: Position/displacement measuring system, comprising a sensor head and an encoded scale body, the scale body extending in a first direction and in a second direction lying transversely to the first direction, and the scale body having a region for incremental position determination with an encoding in the first direction and a region for absolute position determination with an encoding in the second direction, the sensor head having a first sensor device with a sensor resolution parallel to the first direction, which is associated with the region for incremental position determination, and the sensor head having a second sensor device with a sensor resolution in a second direction, which is associated with the region for absolute position determination.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for on-demand repair planning includes modeling for a repair location: a good parts buffer; a first buffer for unserviceable parts determined to be serviceable without repair; and a second buffer for unserviceable parts determined to be repairable. A forecasted demand, for a specified quantity of serviceable parts, is accessed. Parts available in the first buffer to help satisfy the forecasted demand is estimated. If a part is available, an operation plan is generated for a use-as-is operation. If the forecasted demand is not fully satisfied, a quantity of parts available in the second buffer to help satisfy the forecasted demand is estimated and, if one or more parts are available: the latest time at which a repair operation can begin is estimated; a repair order is planned; and an operation plan is generated for the repair operation.

Abstract: In order to operate an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger, a boost pressure prevailing downstream of a compressor (42) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream of a cylinder intake port of the internal combustion engine is regulated to a predefined desired boost pressure value (PUT_SP). An actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of a controller for regulating the boost pressure to a desired boost pressure value (PUT_SP) is determined. A change in the turbocharger speed (DELTA_N_TCHA) associated with the actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of the controller is determined in accordance with the actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of the controller and an operating point of the internal combustion engine. A turbocharger speed limit (N_TCHA_MAX) is determined in accordance with the determined change in the turbocharger speed (DELTA_PWM_WG).

Abstract: In turbocharged engines, there is the problem that, in particular under load, the ambient pressure (AMP) cannot be determined directly from the measurement values of a charge-pressure sensor (8). In order to avoid the installation of a further pressure sensor which is suitable for the detection of the ambient pressure (AMP), it is proposed that, during a negative load step of the internal combustion engine in which a switch takes place from supercharged engine operation into non-supercharged engine operation, the charge-pressure sensor (8) measures the transient profile of the charge pressure (PUT). A value for the ambient pressure (AMP) is determined from the transient profile of the charge pressure (PUT). Through the pressure value for the present ambient pressure (AMP), it is possible to optimize the engine operation for example when travelling up a slope.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an intake tract having a compressor. A verification is performed as to whether at least one predefined activation condition is met. A boost pressure (PUT) downstream of the compressor is sensed or determined. An adaptation characteristic curve or adaptation characteristic map (KF_AD) is adapted as a function of a rotational speed (N) of the internal combustion engine and the boost pressure (PUT) if the at least one actuation condition is met. A gradient is determined that is representative of a gradient of the adaptation characteristic curve or adaptation map (KF_AD). From the determined gradient, conclusions are drawn with respect to a fault in the intake tract of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A system and method for performing large scale supply chain planning is disclosed, which includes at least one database with a plurality of partitions. A large scale, supply chain planning problem is decomposed into a plurality of independent and isolated sub-problems. The data for each sub-problem is maintained in a separate database partition. The sub-problems are preferably solved by separate planning processes operating in parallel in a distributed database processing environment.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an air intake system with an air intake pipe and which communicates with a combustion chamber of a cylinder as a function of a switch position of a gas inlet valve. Furthermore, a compressor is disposed in the air intake system and is embodied for the purpose of compressing a mass air flow. Also, a throttle valve is disposed in the air intake system downstream of the compressor and by which the compressed mass air flow into the air intake pipe can be throttled. The internal combustion engine furthermore has a differential pressure sensor which is disposed in the air intake system and is embodied for the purpose of measuring a differential pressure between a charge pressure that prevails downstream of the compressor and upstream of the throttle valve and an ambient pressure that prevails outside of the air intake system.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, at a first operating point using no exhaust gas recirculation, a first measured value of a load variable is detected. As a function of a further operating variable, a first model value of the load variable is determined using a suction pipe model. At least one parameter of the suction pipe model is adapted such that the first model value approaches or corresponds to the first measured value. A first value of the parameter adjustment is stored. At a second operating point, using exhaust gas recirculation a second value corresponding to the first value of the parameter adjustment, is determined and stored. The first and second values of the parameter adjustment are compared and a parameter value of an exhaust gas recirculation model is adapted such that the first and the second values of the parameter adjustment approach each other or correspond to each other.

Abstract: In order to operate an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger, a boost pressure prevailing downstream of a compressor (42) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream of a cylinder intake port of the internal combustion engine is regulated to a predefined desired boost pressure value (PUT_SP). An actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of a controller for regulating the boost pressure to a desired boost pressure value (PUT_SP) is determined. A change in the turbocharger speed (DELTA_N_TCHA) associated with the actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of the controller is determined in accordance with the actuation signal portion (DELTA_PWM_WG) of the controller and an operating point of the internal combustion engine. A turbocharger speed limit (N_TCHA_MAX) is determined in accordance with the determined change in the turbocharger speed (DELTA_PWM_WG).

Abstract: In one embodiment, planning repairs in response to demand in a multi-level repair network includes accessing a forecasted demand for serviceable parts at a repair location and, for each inspected unserviceable part at the location that is not repairable at the location: (1) planning a move of the part to an upstream repair location such that the part can be available for repair at the upstream location at an estimated earliest time; (2) estimating a latest time at which a repair of the part can begin at the upstream location to help satisfy the forecasted demand, according to the forecasted demand and the estimated earliest time, and planning a repair at the upstream location at the estimated latest time; and (3) re-planning the move, according to the start time of the repair, by modifying a move delivery time according to a repair start time and modifying a move start time according to the modified delivery time.

Abstract: There is described an exhaust gas turbocharger which comprises a compressor and a turbine having an adjusting drive for adjusting a turbine geometry. A performance characteristic is determined depending on a turbine output, a mass flow through the turbine and a gas temperature upstream of the turbine. A mass flow characteristic is determined depending on the mass flow through the turbine and the gas temperature upstream of the turbine and a gas pressure downstream of the turbine. Depending on the performance characteristic and the mass flow characteristic, an adjuster position of the adjusting drive for adjusting the turbine geometry is determined using a characteristic diagram. For control, an adjusting signal for controlling the adjusting drive is determined depending on the adjuster position for adjusting the turbine geometry. For diagnosis of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas turbocharger is diagnosed depending on the adjuster position.

Abstract: A position/displacement measuring system is provided comprising at least one magnetically encoded scale body with at least one encoding track and a sensor device with at least one sensor sensitive to the encoding, the at least one encoding track comprising main fields of at least a first type and a second type which are arranged in a periodically alternating manner in at least a first direction, the subfields of the first type and second type being north pole fields and south pole fields, wherein the main fields of the first type and the main fields of the second type are each subdivided into subfields of at least two different types; wherein a length and/or an encoding strength of the subfields within a main field varies in at least the first direction; and wherein, in the main fields of the first type, the total length in the first direction and/or the total surface of field portions of the first type is greater than the total length and/or the total surface of field portions which are not of the first type

Abstract: An encoded scale body for a position/displacement measuring system is provided, which comprises a support band, at least one encoding layer made of encoding material, which is arranged on the support band, and a cover band which covers the encoding material towards an outside space, the cover band being formed by the support band.

Abstract: Actual values of a load variable are detected by a sensor during active model trimming under different valve pressure conditions, and a model of estimated values is created. Trimming values of a model parameter are determined depending on detected and modeled values such that when the model parameter is trimmed, the modeled values approximate the detected values. A function is determined depending on the different pressure conditions and approximated to the trimming values. At different pressure conditions first lambda control values are detected. A first controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and approximated. When the model trimming mode is not active, second lambda control values are detected at different pressure conditions. A second controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and is approximated. An error of the intake system is detected depending on the fitted functions.

Abstract: The precision of an intake manifold model for a supercharged internal combustion engine can be improved, wherein a first pressure value in the inlet tract (3) downstream of a throttle valve (6) and upstream of a compressor (7) and second pressure value (3) downstream of the compressor (7) are calculated by means of the intake manifold model. Furthermore, a first reference pressure and a second reference pressure are recorded by two pressure sensors (13, 14). It is determined whether the internal combustion engine (1) is operating in charging mode or not. The intake manifold model is then corrected on a difference between the first pressure value and the first reference value and a difference between the second pressure value and the second reference value depending on whether the operating mode is the charging mode or not.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an intake system (1) and an exhaust gas system (4). An exhaust turbocharger of the internal combustion engine has a compressor (42) arranged in the intake system (1) and a turbine (48) arranged in the exhaust gas system (4) of the internal combustion engine for driving the compressor (42). In order to diagnose the intake system (1), a charge pressure (PHS_AIC_DOWN) of the compressor (42) is determined in a predetermined operating state of the internal combustion engine. A leakage of the intake system (1) downstream of the compressor (42) is recognized if the determined charge pressure (PHS_AIC_DOWN) is lower than the predetermined base charge pressure (PUT_BAS) in the predetermined operating state.