Abstract: According to the present invention an automated method is provided for routing and designing an LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit). First, at least one generic of an instance of a book to be connected is located on the chip, wherein a generic of an instance is an area defined according to the measurements of said instance. Then, an initial route to said instance is generated by optimizing the route to the corresponding generic according to given design rules. Thereby, an optimized pin location is determined for said instance. Then, on the basis of said optimized pin location a layout for said instance is generated in place of the corresponding generic. Finally, the actually generated pin is connected with the corresponding end of the initial route.

Abstract: According to the present invention an automated method is provided for routing and designing an LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit). First, at least one generic of an instance of a book to be connected is located on the chip, wherein a generic of an instance is an area defined according to the measurements of said instance. Then, an initial route to said instance is generated by optimizing the route to the corresponding generic according to given design rules. Thereby, an optimized pin location is determined for said instance. Then, on the basis of said optimized pin location a layout for said instance is generated in place of the corresponding generic. Finally, the actually generated pin is connected with the corresponding end of the initial route.

Abstract: An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Abstract: An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Abstract: An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Abstract: An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Abstract: In a sensor layer for quantitative determination of at least one chemical component in a gaseous or liquid sample medium containing a chromophore which is directly or indirectly responsive to the component being determined by changing its absorption spectrum, and a luminophore which is not responsive to the component being determined, where there is an at least partial overlap between the emission spectrum of the luminophore and the absorption spectrum of the chromophore, and where the energy transfer between luminophore and chromophore produces a measurable change in at least one luminescence characteristic of the luminophore, the luminophore L and the chromophore .GAMMA. are ionic substances with differing electrical charges, which are incorporated in a matrix material that is permeable to the chemical component being determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound having the general Formula I in which one of the groups R.sub.1,R.sub.2,R.sub.3,R.sub.4,R.sub.5,R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represents an ionophoric moiety and the remaining groups each independently are hydrogen, a lipophilic or hydrophilic group or a reactive group for coupling to a polymer or a biomolecule, or R.sub.2 forms an aromatic ring system together with R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 forms an aromatic ring system together with R.sub.6.the compound of the invention is useful as a luminescence indicator for cations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound having the general Formula I ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represents an ionophoric moiety and the remaining groups each independently are hydrogen, a lipophilic or hydrophilic group or a reactive group for coupling to a polymer or a biomolecule, or R.sub.2 forms an aromatic ring system together with R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 forms an aromatic ring system together with R.sub.6.The compound of the invention is useful as a luminescence indicator for alkali ions.

Abstract: In a sensor layer for quantitative determination of at least one chemical component in a gaseous or liquid sample medium containing a chromophore which is directly or indirectly responsive to the component being determined by changing its absorption spectrum, and a luminophore which is not responsive to the component being determined, where there is an at least partial overlap between the emission spectrum of the luminophore and the absorption spectrum of the chromophore, and where the energy transfer between luminophore and chromophore produces a measurable change in at least one luminescence characteristic of the luminophore, the luminophore L and the chromophore .GAMMA. are ionic substances with differing electrical charges, which are incorporated in a matrix material that is permeable to the chemical component being determined.