Abstract: A picture signal encoding and decoding apparatus which transmits a digital picture signal by encoding, and receives and decodes an incoming encoded signal comprises a configuration in which a condition not to make a receiving buffer overflow can be controlled on the transmitting side, and a plurality of quantizers are prepared and a proper quantizing characteristic is selected and used according to the sequence of transformed coefficients and the size of a motion vector. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare a receiving buffer of a large capacity or a high speed decoding circuit, so that the apparatus can be manufactured at a low cost and the stability of operation is improved and also a signal can be compressed efficiently owing to the realization of quantization corresponding to a statistical characteristic of an input signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a transform coding apparatus where linear transform is performed for input signal series such as image signals, and transform coefficients are quantized from lower frequency components to higher frequency components in the transform region, and then the quantized transform coefficients aare coded and outputted. The quantized transform coefficients being zero are counted, and when the count value exceeds the prescribed threshold value, the quantization is terminated so that high speed in the coding is intended and variation of the code generation rate can be prevented.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding system for sequentially encoding input digital signals and sequentially decoding the encoded signals on the basis of the frequency of occurrence of the input digital signals, thereby improving an encoding efficiency. In a variable length encoding/decoding system, sequential lists of encoded values are used in an encoder and sequential lists of decoded values are stored in a decoder for utilizing the frequency of occurrence of the signals. In a vector quantization encoding/decoding system, the frequency of occurrence of input image signals is used to produce code books for storing vectors that are adjacent to an input vector and to form a block using the input image signals located in the same area in consecutive frames.

Abstract: An adaptive quantization coder/decoder having a limiter in a quantization coding module so that a reconstruction value of a quantization level is not in excess of a predetermined allowable range, or providing a limiter in a local quantization decoding module so that an output signal level falls within a predetermined allowable range, or providing a limiter in a quantization decoding module so that the output signal level falls within the predetermined allowable range.

Abstract: An image signal transmitting and receiving system for encoding image signals to be transmitted from a transmission side to a receiver side and for decoding the received encoded image signals at the receiver side is described wherein the transmission side includes an object image extracting circuit, encoding circuits for object and background images and a multiplexer, and the receiver side includes a demultiplexer, decoding circuits for object and background images and an image combining circuit. Input image signals are divided into object background signals at the extraction circuit and then are respectively encoded at the encoding circuits. The encoded object and background signals are transmitted by way of the multiplexer and respectively input to the object and background decoding circuits through demultiplexer to provide respective decoded signals. The decoded signals are combined at the combining circuit to provide the whole image signals corresponding to the input image signals.

Abstract: A subnyquist sampling filter which results in less loss of picture resolution. An adaptive prefilter perform low-pass filter processing on a series of picture signals sampled in the form of a square lattice in a direction in which it has been determined that the degree of change of the picture signal at the periphery of an extracted picture element is a minimum. An adaptive interpolation filter performs interpolation processing on the picture signal obtained by subnyquist sampling with a subsampler the picture signal output from the adaptive prefilter in the direction where the degree of change of the picture signal level at the periphery of the abstracted picture elements is a minimum.

Abstract: A digital signal processor of a simple circuit configuration capable of implementing arithmetic processes and interruption processes efficiently in a reduced number of steps at a high processing speed. The digital signal processor comprises instruction execution pipeline stages including a stage in which data is read from a data memory and the data is applied to an arithmetic unit; an arithmetic unit for the execution stage, including a barrel shifter, a multiplier and an arithmetic and logic unit, a normalizing barrel shifter, a round-off/accumulation adder, internal data memories and a DMA transfer bus for a write/accumulation stage, an address generating unit capable of parallel and two-dimensional generation of two inputs one output data memory addresses and a DMA control unit for controlling the two-dimensional data transfer through a DMA bus between the internal data memories and an external data memory for an instruction execution stage.

Abstract: A transformation coding device which applies high by efficient coding to a digital image signal, and in which a plurality of quantization characteristics are prepared and one quantization characteristic is adaptively selected in accordance with a predicted distortion for an input signal and a sequence of transformation coefficients, thereby allowing the quantization to be performed in accordance with statistical properties of an input signal to be implemented, and at the same time, allowing a signal to be efficiently compressed.

Abstract: An encoding/decoding system is disclosed which comprises an analyzing encoder, a synthesizing decoder, two knowledge databases and two dynamic codebooks. The two databases are connected to the encoder and decoder respectively and store three-dimensional model data of feature images, shape and position information of elements of the feature images. The codebooks are connected to the encoder and decoder respectively and store luminance information of polygons such luminance information that the corresponding polygon seldom appears is eliminated. When a new polygon appears, the encoder encodes the luminance data of the polygon to transmit and gets the data in the codebook, and when any luminance data relative to a vector have been stored in the codebook, the encoder transmits the address of the vector.

Abstract: An interframe video data coding and decoding apparatus utilizes a differential amplitude suppression circuit in combination with a block encoder and a motion detector to non-linearly suppress amplitude values of interframe differential block data based on a motion detection threshold value determined by an encoding control circuit. The determined threshold value is based on the amount of encoded data being stored in a transmission buffer memory. The suppressed amplitude differential block data is added to corresponding blocks in a frame memory to update the contents of the frame memory during each frame of input video data. In another embodiment, vector quantization encoders are utilized to transmit a motion vector index with encoded frame differential data.

Abstract: Various filter circuits for processing digitized color television signals are disclosed. Particularly, there are disclosed several embodiments of a luminance/chrominance signal separating filter with which separated, digitized luminance and chrominance are derived with a minimum amount of interference therebetween by determining the direction from a given point in which there is a minimum amount of change in the digitized image signal. Also, there is disclosed a subnyquist sampling filter which operates upon this same principle.

Abstract: A picture signal encoding and decoding apparatus which transmits a digital picture signal by encoding, and receives and decodes an incoming encoded signal comprises a configuration in which a condition not to make a receiving buffer overflow can be controlled on the transmitting side, and a plurality of quantizers are prepared and a proper quantizing characteristic is selected and used according to the sequence of transformed coefficients and the size of a motion vector. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare a receiving buffer of a large capacity or a high speed decoding circuit, so that the apparatus can be manufactured at a low cost and the stability of operation is improved and also a signal can be compressed efficiently owing to the realization of quantization corresponding to a statistical characteristic of an input signal.

Abstract: In an image coding and decoding device, input digital image signals are divided into blocks of prescribed size, and coding processing is performed on differential signals taken between the input block signal and interframe forcasting signals thereby enabling efficient transmission to be performed.

Abstract: A digital signal processor comprises a bus structure including a program bus, data bus and data input/output bus, a program memory, a program controller, an internal data memory made up of a plurality of 2-port memories for storing block data, an arithmetic operator, a DMA controller for implementing block data input/output between the internal data memory and an external data memory in parallel to an internal operation by the arithmetic operator, an address generator for generating addresses for the internal operation and DMA transfer concurrently and in parallel to the internal operation, and parallel data input/output ports for implementing parallel data communication with an external device independently of input/output operations and in asynchronous fashion. The processor executes an intricate adaptive process algorism such as image signal processing at high speed and at high throughput.

Abstract: An amplitude-adaptive vector quantization system intended for efficient signal coding and decoding. A mean value separation circuit (2) separates the mean value from an input signal which has been divided into blocks, and a tree-search vector quantizer (6) implements tree-search inner product vector quantization so that index information is truncated depending on the detected vector amplitude, thereby reducing the volume of information for transmission.

Abstract: A substrate multimedia data transmission control system in which transmission frame bits set in a unit of a transmission frame having a repeating cycle of 8 KHz according to the present invention enables it to effect a realtime multiplexed bit allocation in the 8 kbps unit in a variable fashion such that an automatic matching of a transmission frame is achieved at an initiation of a transmission and error check bits of the error correction code are contained in a transmission frame with a satisfactory matching. In addition, the multiframe configuration according to the present invention enables it to handle in an integrated fashion the synchronizations of the voice data frame, the error correction frame, and the video data packet, which as a result minimizes the size of the buffer memories disposed to send and/or to receive motion video and which enables the transmission speed smoothing operation to be accomplished in a simple configuration through an easy control.

Abstract: A data multiplex transmission system including a data multiplexer, a demultiplex controller and a clock generator for terminal interface is disclosed, in which one block of an error correction code of a variable word length whose rate can be easily matched with the multiplex rate is set into one transmission frame. The multiframes of the least common multiple of the number of multiframes such that the multiplex rate which cannot be matched in one transmission frame is matched are set, thereby allowing the bit stuff reference timing to be integratedly handled. Further, transmission frame header information and control data link are provided, thereby allowing the multiplex transmission to be executed in accordance with a predetermined communication procedure.This transmission frame can realize the advanced communication by the header information and control data link. Thus, the data multiplex transmission can be performed with a simple construction while keeping the high efficiency and high reliability.

Abstract: A basic cell type full search vector quantization coder has a plurality of basic cells and a minimum distortion output vector detector. In each basic cell a common K-dimensional input vector is divided by b into b sub-blocks and n output vectors are read one by one out of a set of N output vectors. The output vectors are also divided by b. Comparison is made K/b times between the components of the input and the output vectors to detect one of n output vectors positioned at the shortest distance from the input vector. The detctor compares the outputs supplied by the basic cells and detects one of the output vectors producing the minimum distortion, whose index signal being an output of the coder.

Abstract: Signal generating means formed by variable line delay circuits 6 and 9 and dot delay circuits 7 and 8 receives a series of signal sample of a composite color television signal sampled in synchronism with a chrominance subcarrier at a frequency four times the chrominance subcarrier frequency and generates simultaneously a sample signal at a specified sampled point for separating a luminance signal and a chrominance signal and sampled signals at four sample points adjacent to the specified sample point, namely, four sampled points on the upper, lower, right and left sides of the specified sample point. A comparing and determining circuit 10 compares and determines a direction in which there is little change in the picture, based on the sampled signals at the adjacent sample points. Based on the result of determination of the comparing and determining circuit 10, a selector 11 selects and provides two sampled signals 110 and 111 existing in a region where there is little change in the picture.

Abstract: In an interframe adaptive quantization encoding apparatus to perform efficient encoding of video signals using vector quantization method, analog signals raster-scanned from the left to the right on the screen and from the upper side to the lower side are converted into digital signals, the digital signals per every m picture elements x n lines are made a block and the block data is subjected to mean value separation in a vector quantization encoder thereby input vector is formed, inner product between the input vector and output vector read from a code book ROM is estimated by an inner product operation circuit, and maximum value of the inner product is estimated by a maximum inner product detection circuit and made amplitude coefficient, thereby efficient encoding is performed.