Abstract: Disclosed is a heating element which can also absorb gas, especially a heating element usable as an interior material for buildings which serves both as a heater and an absorber capable of absorbing harmful gas present in the room. This heating element comprises: a molded product comprising a high-temperature carbonized charcoal which has been carbonized at a temperature of about 800° C. or above; and at least two electrodes which can energize the molded product, wherein current is applied to the electrodes to generate heat. The molded product comprising a high-temperature carbonized charcoal, which has been carbonized at a temperature of about 800° C. or above is excellent as a heating element and, at the same time, has an excellent capacity capable of adsorbing various gases. Mixing a low-temperature carbonized charcoal, which has been carbonized at a temperature of about 500° C.

Abstract: An anti-glare element provided with a front side substrate comprising a substrate having a wave length selective property, and a back side substrate comprising a transparent substrate and having electrochromic films which exhibit an electrochromic phenomenon interposed between the front side substrate and back side substrate, wherein a photocatalyst film comprising a photocatalyst substance having transmittivity and a hydrophilic functional film comprising a hydrophilic film of a hydrophilic substance are formed on the front side of the front side substrate comprising a substrate with said wave-length selective property, to thereby give an anti-fog function. Or electrode-cum-reflective film is formed on the backside film of the electrochromic film, to thereby achieve a reflective mirror.

Abstract: An image forming method includes the steps of: forming a plurality of electrostatic latent images of a non-solid control patch by converting a reference input density; detecting a patch potential of each of the plurality of electrostatic latent images; calculating a density value of image data corresponding to a desired patch potential from the detected plurality of patch potentials; detecting a density of each of the plurality of non-solid control patches which has been formed by an imagewise exposure according to the image data of the reference input density obtained by the calculating step; forming an image by controlling an image forming condition in accordance with a detected density signal.

Abstract: On the surface of a light-transmitting plate material 22, a transparent metal thin film 24 is provided, and further, on the surface of the transparent metal thin film 24, a hydrophilic functional layer 26 containing a photocatalytic substance is provided. The hydrophilic functional layer 26 comprises a laminate of, from the side of the transparent metal thin film 24, a photocatalytic layer 28 containing a photocatalytic substance and a hydrophilic layer 30 containing a hydrophilic substance.

Abstract: An anti-glare element provided with a front side substrate comprising a substrate having a wave length selective property, and a back side substrate comprising a transparent substrate and having electrochromic films which exhibit an electrochromic phenomenon interposed between the front side substrate and back side substrate, wherein a photocatalyst film comprising a photocatalyst substance having transmittivity and a hydrophilic functional film comprising a hydrophilic film of a hydrophilic substance are formed on the front side of the front side substrate comprising a substrate with said wave-length selective property, to thereby give an anti-fog function. Or electrode-cum-reflective film is formed on the backside film of the electrochromic film, to thereby achieve a reflective mirror.

Abstract: A composite material having a laminated film is disclosed in which between two or more photocatalyst layers each possessing a light permeability an a photocatalytic reactivity middle layers composed of a light permeable material having a reflectance different from that of the photocatalyst layers are interposed, laminated on a base material surface.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the frequency of a pulse input signal is disclosed. A pulse count and a timer count can be captured at a start and end of a predetermined measurement interval to thereby obtain a start pulse count and an end pulse count and a start pulse time and an end pulse time thereof. A pulse frequency can then be determined, the pulse frequency comprises the end pulse count minus the start pulse count divided by the end pulse time minus the start pulse time, thereby permitting a highly accurate frequency measurement of the pulse input signal to be obtained over a wide frequency range. The pulse count and the timer count can be captured respectively utilizing a pulse counter and a timer. The pulse frequency generally comprises a frequency of an input pulse signal, such that the pulse frequency is determined based on an accuracy dependent only upon a reference timer clock.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the frequency of a pulse input signal is disclosed. A pulse count and a timer count can be captured at a start and end of a predetermined measurement interval to thereby obtain a start pulse count and an end pulse count and a start pulse time and an end pulse time thereof. A pulse frequency can then be determined, the pulse frequency comprises the end pulse count minus the start pulse count divided by the end pulse time minus the start pulse time, thereby permitting a highly accurate frequency measurement of the pulse input signal to be obtained over a wide frequency range. The pulse count and the timer count can be captured respectively utilizing a pulse counter and a timer. The pulse frequency generally comprises a frequency of an input pulse signal, such that the pulse frequency is determined based on an accuracy dependent only upon a reference timer clock.

Abstract: An image forming method includes the steps of: forming a plurality of electrostatic latent images of a non-solid control patch by converting a reference input density; detecting a patch potential of each of the plurality of electrostatic latent images; calculating a density value of image data corresponding to a desired patch potential from the detected plurality of patch potentials; detecting a density of each of the plurality of non-solid control patches which has been formed by an imagewise exposure according to the image data of the reference input density obtained by the calculating step; forming an image by controlling an image forming condition in accordance with a detected density signal.

Abstract: On the surface of a light-transmitting plate material 22, a transparent metal thin film 24 is provided, and further, on the surface of the transparent metal thin film 24, a hydrophilic functional layer 26 containing a photocatalytic substance is provided. The hydrophilic functional layer 26 comprises a laminate of, from the side of the transparent metal thin film 24, a photocatalytic layer 28 containing a photocatalytic substance and a hydrophilic layer 30 containing a hydrophilic substance.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1): 35t+400<Dsd  (1)

Abstract: A colored anti-fog mirror includes a substrate, a metal reflecting film formed on a front surface of the substrate, and a hydrophilic function layer having a hydrophilic function and containing photocatalytic substance provided on the metal reflecting film. The thickness of the hydrophilic function layer is set in such a manner that wavelength of reflected light has a peak of reflectance within a range from 400 nm to 510 nm and a mirror surface thereby exhibits a bluish color.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1):

Abstract: The invention is directed to a film structure of a hydrophilic film in an anti-fog mirror of a type in which an inorganic oxide film is formed as a hydrophilic film on a surface of a mirror and to a method for manufacturing such film structure. A photocatalyzing TiO2 film having a thickness within a range from 100 nm to 1000 nm is formed on a surface of a mirror and a porous SiO2 film having a thickness within a range from 10 nm to 50 nm is formed on the TiO2 film. The porous SiO2 film is adapted to have surface roughness of 2 nm or over. A reflecting film is formed on a rear surface of a transparent glass substrate and then photocatalyzing TiO2 film and the porous SiO2 film are formed on a front surface of the substrate by vacuum deposition while the temperature of the substrate is maintained within a range from 200° C. to 450° C.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, an exposure device for exposing the photoreceptor with a laser beam dot by dot so as to form a dotted latent image on the photoreceptor, and a developing device for developing the dotted latent image with developer. The apparatus also includes a dot diameter correcting device for correcting a diameter of the dot formed on the photoreceptor. The dot diameter correcting device includes an image patch producing device for forming an image patch having a specific dot pattern with a laser beam having a predetermined power strength by the exposure device, an image patch detector for detecting a density level of the image patch formed on the photoreceptor, and a memory for storing data of laser power strengths with correlation to the detected density levels. With this structure, a controller controls laser power strength of the exposure device based on the correlated data stored in the memory and the density level detected by the image patch detector.

Abstract: A camera body includes an aperture unit, having a picture-taking opening and guide rails for defining the position of a film in the direction of an optical axis with respect to the picture-taking opening, a cartridge chamber unit connectable with one end of the aperture unit, and a spool chamber unit connectable with the other end of the aperture unit. At least one of a film exit port of the cartridge chamber unit and a film entrance port of the spool chamber unit includes guide portions that define the position of a film in the direction of the width of the film that is paid out from a film cartridge.

Abstract: An antiglare inner mirror includes a housing which is supported by a stay and is capable of inclining by an inclining device. A mirror main body is mounted on a front opening portion of the housing. The mirror main body includes a front glass, a hologram element and a seal glass bonded integrally together. A reflecting film is formed on the rear surface of the seal glass. The hologram element consists of a reflecting type hologram element having a reflecting plane made of interference fringes which is arranged non-parallel to the front surface of the hologram element. Incident light from outside is reflected both by the reflecting film and by the interference fringes of the hologram element to form rays of light reflected in different directions.

Abstract: A camera employing a film with a magnetic recording section and comprising a magnetic head with a magnetic gap portion for magnetically recording or reading (reproducing) information and a pressing member for pressing a surface of the film against the magnetic head. The pressing member has a film contact surface side cross section of a substantially U-like configuration in a film traveling direction. Two high portions defined at both sides of this U-like configuration are formed to be different in protruding length from each other.

Abstract: An anti-fog element includes a transparent substrate such as a glass substrate, a transparent film of a photocatalyzer such as TiO.sub.2 catalyzing a photocatalytic reaction on the transparent substrate, and a film of a transparent porous inorganic oxide such as SiO.sub.2 formed on the film of the photocatalyzer and having a surface exhibiting a hydrophilic property. Organic matters etc. deposited in openings of the porous inorganic oxide film are dissolved and removed by a photocatalytic reaction caused by light excitation of the photocatalyzer film whereby the anti-fog property of the anti-fog element can be maintained over a long period of time.

Abstract: A development apparatus for developing a latent image formed on an image forming body with a developer so as to obtain a toner image. A developer conveyance unit conveys the developer, including a toner, to a development zone, between the developer conveyance unit and the image forming body, from an upstream side of the development zone in a conveyance direction to a downstream side thereof. A plate member having an electrode portion is positioned at the upstream side of the development zone, wherein a downstream end portion of the plate member is positioned in contact with the development zone. A power supply unit applies a first voltage, including a DC component and an AC component, to the developer conveyance unit so that an electric field is generated at the development zone. The power supply unit applies a second voltage, including a DC component, to the electrode portion of the plate member, and the plate member controls the electric field with the second voltage. The development apparatus satisfies: V.