Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a toner image on an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor having a siloxane based resin layer as a protective layer with a developer carried on a developing sleeve, wherein a distance Dsd (&mgr;m) between the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing sleeve and a thickness t (&mgr;m) of the protective layer of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfy formula (1):

Abstract: The invention is directed to a film structure of a hydrophilic film in an anti-fog mirror of a type in which an inorganic oxide film is formed as a hydrophilic film on a surface of a mirror and to a method for manufacturing such film structure. A photocatalyzing TiO2 film having a thickness within a range from 100 nm to 1000 nm is formed on a surface of a mirror and a porous SiO2 film having a thickness within a range from 10 nm to 50 nm is formed on the TiO2 film. The porous SiO2 film is adapted to have surface roughness of 2 nm or over. A reflecting film is formed on a rear surface of a transparent glass substrate and then photocatalyzing TiO2 film and the porous SiO2 film are formed on a front surface of the substrate by vacuum deposition while the temperature of the substrate is maintained within a range from 200° C. to 450° C.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, an exposure device for exposing the photoreceptor with a laser beam dot by dot so as to form a dotted latent image on the photoreceptor, and a developing device for developing the dotted latent image with developer. The apparatus also includes a dot diameter correcting device for correcting a diameter of the dot formed on the photoreceptor. The dot diameter correcting device includes an image patch producing device for forming an image patch having a specific dot pattern with a laser beam having a predetermined power strength by the exposure device, an image patch detector for detecting a density level of the image patch formed on the photoreceptor, and a memory for storing data of laser power strengths with correlation to the detected density levels. With this structure, a controller controls laser power strength of the exposure device based on the correlated data stored in the memory and the density level detected by the image patch detector.

Abstract: A camera body includes an aperture unit, having a picture-taking opening and guide rails for defining the position of a film in the direction of an optical axis with respect to the picture-taking opening, a cartridge chamber unit connectable with one end of the aperture unit, and a spool chamber unit connectable with the other end of the aperture unit. At least one of a film exit port of the cartridge chamber unit and a film entrance port of the spool chamber unit includes guide portions that define the position of a film in the direction of the width of the film that is paid out from a film cartridge.

Abstract: An antiglare inner mirror includes a housing which is supported by a stay and is capable of inclining by an inclining device. A mirror main body is mounted on a front opening portion of the housing. The mirror main body includes a front glass, a hologram element and a seal glass bonded integrally together. A reflecting film is formed on the rear surface of the seal glass. The hologram element consists of a reflecting type hologram element having a reflecting plane made of interference fringes which is arranged non-parallel to the front surface of the hologram element. Incident light from outside is reflected both by the reflecting film and by the interference fringes of the hologram element to form rays of light reflected in different directions.

Abstract: A camera employing a film with a magnetic recording section and comprising a magnetic head with a magnetic gap portion for magnetically recording or reading (reproducing) information and a pressing member for pressing a surface of the film against the magnetic head. The pressing member has a film contact surface side cross section of a substantially U-like configuration in a film traveling direction. Two high portions defined at both sides of this U-like configuration are formed to be different in protruding length from each other.

Abstract: An anti-fog element includes a transparent substrate such as a glass substrate, a transparent film of a photocatalyzer such as TiO.sub.2 catalyzing a photocatalytic reaction on the transparent substrate, and a film of a transparent porous inorganic oxide such as SiO.sub.2 formed on the film of the photocatalyzer and having a surface exhibiting a hydrophilic property. Organic matters etc. deposited in openings of the porous inorganic oxide film are dissolved and removed by a photocatalytic reaction caused by light excitation of the photocatalyzer film whereby the anti-fog property of the anti-fog element can be maintained over a long period of time.

Abstract: A development apparatus for developing a latent image formed on an image forming body with a developer so as to obtain a toner image. A developer conveyance unit conveys the developer, including a toner, to a development zone, between the developer conveyance unit and the image forming body, from an upstream side of the development zone in a conveyance direction to a downstream side thereof. A plate member having an electrode portion is positioned at the upstream side of the development zone, wherein a downstream end portion of the plate member is positioned in contact with the development zone. A power supply unit applies a first voltage, including a DC component and an AC component, to the developer conveyance unit so that an electric field is generated at the development zone. The power supply unit applies a second voltage, including a DC component, to the electrode portion of the plate member, and the plate member controls the electric field with the second voltage. The development apparatus satisfies: V.

Abstract: A non-contact type of developing device for use in an image forming apparatus having an image forming body, includes a developer conveying body facing the image forming body in which a magnet body having a plurality of magnet poles are attached therein, to convey two-component developer in the form of a developer layer onto a developing area and a control electrode provided at the developing area or upstream of the developing area. The control electrode has an electrically insulating member which is in contact with or close to the developing layer, and an electrode to which a voltage is applicable is attached to the insulating member. The following condition is satisfied: ##EQU1## where D.sub.T represents a number of toner layers on the assumption that the toner particles passing through the developing area are filled most densely, D.sub.WS represents a conveying amount (mg/cm.sup.2) of the developer layer at the developing area on the developer conveying body, T.sub.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror has a mirror housing and a mirror assembly provided in the mirror housing. The mirror assembly includes a glass substrate and a reflecting film made of chromium or aluminum and formed on the back surface of the glass substrate. A panel heater is bonded by adhesive to the back surface of the reflecting film. A hydrophilic film is formed on the front surface of the glass substrate. The hydrophilic film is made of a hydrophilic oxide film such as SiO.sub.2 and functions to spread a waterdrop deposited on the mirror surface in the form of a thin water film.

Abstract: A video conference system control section accepts reservation of a party with which a video conference is the to be held and a video conference date and time entered through a keying section, and stores the reservation contents in an information storage section and also sends them through a communication network transmitting-receiving section to an information center for registration. In response to the stored registration contents, the video conference system control section 109 controls a power unit and the communication network transmitting-receiving section to start up at least a part of the video conference system for calling the party with which the video conference is to be held and setting up a call between them before the video conference date and time.

Abstract: A waterdrop repellent mirror provide a vibration plate which piezoelectric oscillator is affixed on the back side of the mirror, and a heater is placed therein to heat up the mirror surface. The piezoelectric oscillator on the rear surface of the mirror give ultra sonic wave vibration to the mirror through the vibration plate. When mirror surface resonate by inputting the vibration of the oscillator to the mirror, any waterdrop sticked on the mirror surface are dispersed. Re-sticked fine mist of waterdrop or frozen frost on the mirror surface can be removed by heated up the mirror, thereby clear mirror surface can be secured.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering distance information of a camera includes counter means which counts a relative distance corresponding to a movement of a taking lens. The counter means is reset when the taking lens reaches a reference position located at infinity. Using stored data (absolute distance factors) which is specific to a taking lens and the count in the counter means, an absolute distance is derived.