Abstract: A semiconductor memory is provided which includes an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor memory. A data control circuit is also provided which includes an ECC circuit and which operates to control the writing and reading operations of data to and from the non-volatile semiconductor memory. In order to temporarily hold data which is to written into the non-volatile semiconductor memory, a volatile cache semiconductor memory is utilized. This volatile cache semiconductor memory has a storage capacity which is equal to or less than the storage capacity of the non-volatile semiconductor memory itself. A data control circuit is also provided to read out data from the non-volatile semiconductor memory and the volatile cache semiconductor memory, and to transfer the data from the volatile semiconductor to the non-volatile semiconductor memory.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage including a main flash memory, a volatile write cache, a data control circuit, an alternate flash memory and a power supply. This arrangement permits the use of a smaller write cache in comparison with the use of a non-volatile memory, and also provides decreased capacity of the write cache, permitting high-speed access and long-life.

Abstract: A differential gear apparatus includes a housing for rotation about a predetermined axis under the power of an external power source, and a lubricating oil reservoir and worm gear arrangement mounted in the housing for rotation. A lubricating arrangement is disposed with respect to the housing for guiding the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil reservoir to the work gears against centrifugal force created by rotation of the housing.

Abstract: A bias ratio levelling apparatus for a worm gear type differential include first and second shafts mounted on a common axis first and second worm gears fixedly provided in the rotational direction at opposed end portions of the two shafts, a first worm wheel directly intersected with the shafts and engaged with the first worm gear, a second worm wheel directly intersected with the shafts and engaged with the second worm gear, a rotatable member for rotatably bearing the first and second worm wheel about a central axis and for rotating first and second worm wheel about the first and second shafts. A spur gear is fixedly connected to each worm wheel for transmitting the rotation of one worm wheel to the other worm wheel by synchronization, and a spacer is interposed between the first and second worm gears and axially fixed to the rotational member in the direction of the first and second shafts.

Abstract: A soldering method of this invention has the steps of coating a plurality of lead terminals of an electronic component with connecting paste-like solders corresponding to lead terminals on conductive pads disposed on a substrate, holding the electronic component at the position separated from the corresponding paste-like solders at the lead terminals, and thereafter moving the substrate into a heating atmosphere furnace to melt the paste-like solder. In the melting step, the paste-like solders start melting when the temperatures of the pads arrive at the melting point of the solder and flow on the pads until contacting with the corresponding lead terminals. Thus, improper connection of the lead terminals to the pads due to smaller thermal capacity of the lead terminals than that of the substrate including the pads can be eliminated and productivity can be greatly improved.

Abstract: An automatic transmission system in an automobile having an engine, a brake, a throttle valve, a shift lever, a clutch, and transmission gears associated with synchromesh systems. The automatic transmission system includes a throttle actuator for actuating the throttle valve, a clutch actuator for actuating the clutch, a gear selection actuator for selectively actuating the synchromesh systems to shift the transmission gears, a fluid-pressure control unit for applying working fluid pressures to the gear selection actuator, and an electronic control unit for issuing control signals to the throttle actuator, the clutch actuator, and the fluid-pressure control unit in response to detected signals indicative of a rotational speed of the engine, an operation of the brake, an operative position of the throttle valve, a selected position of the shift lever, a releasing position of the clutch, and a speed of travel of the automobile.

Abstract: A control apparatus of a transfer mechanism includes a case member, an input axle, an intermediate axle arranged parallel with the input axle, an output axle on the rear wheel side arranged parallel with the input axle and the intermediate axle, an output axle on the front wheel side coaxially arranged with the output axle on the rear wheel side, an input gear mounted on the input axle, a fixing member secured to the case member, an intermediate gear mounted on the intermediate axle and engaged with the input gear, an output gear coaxially arranged with the output axle of the front wheel axle and engaged with the intermediate gear, a simple planetary gear set including a carrier integrally connected to the output gear, a ring gear integrally connected to the output axle of rear wheel side, and a sun gear selectively engaged with the output axle on the front wheel side or the fixing member or the output axle on the front wheel side and the output gear, the mechanism further including a tubular axle integrally

Abstract: A power distributing apparatus for vehicles includes an input shaft, first and second output shafts, a simple planetary gear set having a carrier operatively connected to the input shaft, a ring gear cooperating with the first output shaft, and a sun gear selectively engaged with the second output shaft, and means for selectively engaging the carrier and the sun gear and for integrally rotating the sun gear and the carrier in the engaging state of the sun gear and the carrier, and for more slowly rotating the sun gear than the carrier in the disengaging state of the sun gear and the carrier.