Abstract: A non-volatile memory cell includes a select transistor and a memory transistor. The first drain/source terminal of the select transistor is connected with a first control terminal. The second drain/source terminal of the select transistor is connected with the first drain/source terminal of the memory transistor. The gate terminal of the select transistor is connected with a select gate terminal. The second drain/source terminal of the memory transistor is connected with a second control terminal. The gate terminal of the memory transistor is connected with a memory gate terminal. During a program action, the select transistor is turned on, and a tapered channel is formed in the memory transistor. The tapered channel is pinched off near the first drain/source terminal of the memory transistor, and plural hot carriers near a pinch off point are injected into the charge storage layer.

Abstract: A control method for a non-volatile memory is provided. After the non-volatile memory is enabled, a judging step is performed to judge whether the non-volatile memory enters a read mode, a program mode or an erase mode. If the judging result indicates that the non-volatile memory enters the read mode, the program mode or the erase mode, a worst threshold voltage of plural reference cells of the non-volatile memory is searched. Then, at least one of a control voltage for read action, a control voltage for program verify and a control voltage for erase verify is determined. Then, a read action, a program action or an erase action is performed on plural data cells of the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A storage transistor of a charge-trapping non-volatile memory includes a semiconductor substrate, a well region, a gate structure, a spacer, a first doped region and a second doped region. The well region is formed in a surface of the semiconductor substrate. The first doped region and the second doped region are formed in the well region. The gate structure includes a first tunneling layer, a second tunneling layer, a third tunneling layer, a trapping layer, a blocking layer and a gate layer. The first tunneling layer is contacted with the surface of the well region. The second tunneling layer covers the first tunneling layer. The third tunneling layer covers the second tunneling layer. The trapping layer covers the third tunneling layer. The blocking layer covers the trapping layer. The gate layer covers the blocking layer.

Abstract: A cell array structure includes a first resistive memory cell. The first resistive memory cell includes a well region, a first doped region, a merged region, a first gate structure, a second gate structure and a first metal layer. The first doped region is formed under a surface of the well region. The merged region is formed under the surface of the well region. The first gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the first doped region and the merged region. The first gate structure includes a first insulation layer and a first conductive layer. The second gate structure is formed over the merged region. The second gate structure includes a second insulation layer and a second conductive layer. The first metal layer is connected with the first doped region.

Abstract: A forming control method for a resistive random-access memory cell array is provided. While a forming action of the resistive random-access memory cell array is performed, a verification action is performed to judge whether the forming action on the resistive random-access memory cells has been successfully done. By properly changing a forming voltage or a pulse width, the forming actions on all of the resistive random-access memory cells of the resistive random-access memory cell array can be successfully done.

Abstract: A random code generating method for the magnetoresistive random access memory is provided. Firstly, a first magnetoresistive random access memory cell and a second magnetoresistive random access memory cell are programmed into an anti-parallel state. Then, an initial value of a control current is set. Then, an enroll action is performed on the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells. If the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells fail to pass the verification action, the control current is increased by a current increment, and the step of setting the control current is performed again. If the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells pass the verification action, a one-bit random code is stored in the first magnetoresistive random access memory cell or the second magnetoresistive random access memory cell.

Abstract: A switch device includes a P-type substrate, a first gate structure, a first N-well, a shallow trench isolation structure, a first P-well, a second gate structure, a first N-type doped region, a second P-well, and a second N-type doped region. The first N-well is formed in the P-type substrate and partly under the first gate structure. The shallow trench isolation structure is formed in the first N-well and under the first gate structure. The first P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the first gate structure. The first N-type doped region is formed in the P-type substrate and between the first gate structure and the second gate structure. The second P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the second gate structure. The second N-type doped region is formed in the second P-well and partly under the second gate structure.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a nonvolatile charge-trapping memory apparatus is provided. During the manufacturing process of the nonvolatile memory apparatus, a blocking layer of a storage device is effectively protected. Consequently, the blocking layer is not contaminated or thinned. Moreover, since the well regions of the logic device area and the memory device area are not simultaneously fabricated, it is feasible to fabricate small-sized nonvolatile memory cell in the memory device area and precisely control the threshold voltage of the charge trapping transistor.

Abstract: A resistive memory cell includes a P-well region, an isolation structure, an N-well region, a first gate structure, a second gate structure, a first N-type doped region, a second N-type doped region, a third N-type doped region, a fourth N-type doped region, a word line, a bit line, a conductor line and a program line. The third N-type doped region, the fourth N-type doped region and the N-well region are collaboratively formed as an N-type merged region. The bit line is connected with the first N-type doped region. The word line is connected with a conductive layer of the first gate structure. The conductor line is connected with the second N-type doped region and a conductive layer of the second gate structure. The program line is connected with the N-type merged region.

Abstract: A memory cell of a charge-trapping non-volatile memory is provided. The memory cell is formed on a well region of a semiconductor substrate. The memory cell includes a storage transistor. A gate structure of the storage transistor includes a first tunneling layer, a second tunneling layer, a trapping layer, a blocking layer and a gate layer. The first tunneling layer is contacted with a surface of the well region. The second tunneling layer covers the first tunneling layer. The trapping layer covers the second tunneling layer. The blocking layer covers the trapping layer. The gate layer covers the blocking layer. The second tunneling layer has gradient nitrogen distribution. A first nitrogen concentration of a first region of the second tunneling layer close to the first tunneling layer is lower than a second nitrogen concentration of a second region of the second tunneling layer close to the trapping layer.

Abstract: A resistive random-access memory cell includes a well region, a first doped region, a second doped region, a third doped region, a first gate structure, a second gate structure and a third gate structure. The first gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the first doped region and the second doped region. The second gate structure is formed over the second doped region. The third gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the second doped region and the third doped region. A first metal layer is connected with the first doped region and the third doped region. A second metal layer is connected with the conductive layer of the first gate structure and the conductive layer of the third gate structure.

Abstract: A random code generating method for the magnetoresistive random access memory is provided. Firstly, a first magnetoresistive random access memory cell and a second magnetoresistive random access memory cell are programmed into an anti-parallel state. Then, an initial value of a control current is set. Then, an enroll action is performed on the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells. If the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells fail to pass the verification action, the control current is increased by a current increment, and the step of setting the control current is performed again. If the first and second magnetoresistive random access memory cells pass the verification action, a one-bit random code is stored in the first magnetoresistive random access memory cell or the second magnetoresistive random access memory cell.

Abstract: A forming control method for a resistive random-access memory cell array is provided. While a forming action of the resistive random-access memory cell array is performed, a verification action is performed to judge whether the forming action on the resistive random-access memory cells has been successfully done. By properly changing a forming voltage or a pulse width, the forming actions on all of the resistive random-access memory cells of the resistive random-access memory cell array can be successfully done.

Abstract: A random code generator includes a differential cell array, a power supply circuit, a first selecting circuit and a current judgment circuit. The power supply circuit receives an enrolling signal and a feedback signal. The first selecting circuit receives a first selecting signal. When the enrolling signal is activated and an enrollment is performed on the first differential cell, the power supply circuit provides an enrolling voltage, and the enrolling voltage is transmitted to a first storage element and a second storage element of the first differential cell through the first selecting circuit. Consequently, the cell current is generated. When a magnitude of the cell current is higher than a specified current value, the current judgment circuit activates the feedback signal, so that the power supply circuit stops providing the enrolling voltage.

Abstract: A switch device includes a P-type substrate, a first gate structure, a first N-well, a shallow trench isolation structure, a first P-well, a second gate structure, a first N-type doped region, a second P-well, and a second N-type doped region. The first N-well is formed in the P-type substrate and partly under the first gate structure. The shallow trench isolation structure is formed in the first N-well and under the first gate structure. The first P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the first gate structure. The first N-type doped region is formed in the P-type substrate and between the first gate structure and the second gate structure. The second P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the second gate structure. The second N-type doped region is formed in the second P-well and partly under the second gate structure.

Abstract: A memory cell array of a multi-time programmable non-volatile memory includes plural memory cells. The memory cell has the structure of 1T1C cell, 2T1C cell or 3T1C cell. Moreover, the floating gate transistors of the memory cells in different rows of the memory cell array are constructed in the same well region. Consequently, the chip size is reduced. Moreover, by providing proper bias voltages to the memory cell array, the program action, the erase action or the read action can be performed normally.

Abstract: A cell array structure includes a first resistive memory cell. The first resistive memory cell includes a well region, a first doped region, a merged region, a first gate structure, a second gate structure and a first metal layer. The first doped region is formed under a surface of the well region. The merged region is formed under the surface of the well region. The first gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the first doped region and the merged region. The first gate structure includes a first insulation layer and a first conductive layer. The second gate structure is formed over the merged region. The second gate structure includes a second insulation layer and a second conductive layer. The first metal layer is connected with the first doped region.

Abstract: A switch device includes a P-type substrate, a first gate structure, a first N-well, a shallow trench isolation structure, a first P-well, a second gate structure, a first N-type doped region, a second P-well, and a second N-type doped region. The first N-well is formed in the P-type substrate and partly under the first gate structure. The shallow trench isolation structure is formed in the first N-well and under the first gate structure. The first P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the first gate structure. The first N-type doped region is formed in the P-type substrate and between the first gate structure and the second gate structure. The second P-well is formed in the P-type substrate and under the second gate structure. The second N-type doped region is formed in the second P-well and partly under the second gate structure.

Abstract: A memory cell array of a multi-time programmable non-volatile memory includes plural memory cells. The memory cell has the structure of 1T1C cell, 2T1C cell or 3T1C cell. Moreover, the floating gate transistors of the memory cells in different rows of the memory cell array are constructed in the same well region. Consequently, the chip size is reduced. Moreover, by providing proper bias voltages to the memory cell array, the program action, the erase action or the read action can be performed normally.

Abstract: A resistive random-access memory cell includes a well region, a first doped region, a second doped region, a third doped region, a first gate structure, a second gate structure and a third gate structure. The first gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the first doped region and the second doped region. The second gate structure is formed over the second doped region. The third gate structure is formed over the surface of the well region between the second doped region and the third doped region. A first metal layer is connected with the first doped region and the third doped region. A second metal layer is connected with the conductive layer of the first gate structure and the conductive layer of the third gate structure.