Abstract: An electrical conductive member includes: an electrical conductive structure including: a substrate (31, 152, 252, 352, 452); an electrical conductive carbon layer (33, 155, 254, 354, 454) provided on at least one surface of the substrate and containing electrical conductive carbon; and a middle layer (32, 154, 256, 356, 456) interposed between the substrate and the electrical conductive carbon layer. An intensity ratio R (ID/IG) of a D-band peak intensity (ID) to a G-band peak intensity (IG) measured by a Raman scattering spectroscopic analysis in the electrical conductive carbon layer is 1.3 or more.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: A sealing structure includes: components (1, 2, 11, 16, 21, 22, 33, 34, 44, 51, 52, 61, 62) respectively having sealing surfaces (8, 9, 14, 17, 30, 31, 42, 43, 49, 71, 72) on surfaces thereof facing each other; and a seal member (3, 18, 25, 37, 46, 50, 55, 65, 104, 105, 106, 140, 240) interposed between the sealing surfaces to make the sealing surfaces closely adhere to each other, and at least a hard carbon film (6, 7, 13, 28, 29, 40, 41, 48, 53, 54, 66, 67, 108, 120, 130, 220, 230, 320, 330, 430) is formed on one or both of the sealing surfaces.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: Provided are a photoelectric conversion device (10) having a first conductivity type semiconductor (1), a first main surface (1a) of the first conductivity type semiconductor (1) being provided with a concave portion (26, 27) formed therein, the photoelectric conversion device (10) including: a second conductivity type semiconductor (3) formed in the first main surface (1a) of the first conductivity type semiconductor (1), an inner wall surface of a through-hole (19), and a second main surface (1a) of the first conductivity type semiconductor (1); a light-receiving surface electrode (5a, 5c) formed to fill the concave portion (26, 27) in the first main surface (1a) of the first conductivity type semiconductor (1); a first electrode (2) formed on the second main surface (1c) of the first conductivity type semiconductor (1); a through-hole electrode portion (9) formed inside the through-hole (19) to be in contact with the second conductivity type semiconductor (3) in the inner wall surface of the through-hole (

Abstract: An image processing device having an image processing unit 10 that adjusts colors of the foreground image data that are approximately equal to a uniform color that makes the boundary between the foreground image data and the background image data recognizable to all the colors of the background image data that serves as the foreground image data's back ground, and synthesizes the foreground image data and the background image data.

Abstract: The surrounding length of a junction separation portion can be shortened to improve an insulating resistance in order to provide a solar cell with highly efficiency. In a photoelectric transducer of the type where a light-receiving surface electrode is wired to another electrode on a back surface via a through electrode passing through a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type, the photoelectric transducer comprises: a junction separation portion made around the through electrode on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric layer formed for covering the junction separation portion, the through electrode penetrating the dielectric layer; and a back electrode provided on the dielectric layer and coupled to the through electrode which is connected to the light-receiving surface electrode.

Abstract: A scanner capable of functioning as a data transmission management device that makes a determination as to whether data should be allowed to be reused at a file transmission destination based on the nature of the particular destination, produces a reusable file, and transmits it to the destination, if it determines that the reuse of the data is allowed because the destination is within the area of the first network N1 to which the scanner is connected; or it produces difficult-to-reuse file and transmits it to the destination, if it determines that the reuse of the data is disallowed because the destination is outside of the area of the first network N1.

Abstract: An image processing device including a detector for detecting a characteristic feature formed from image data and a separator for separating halftone dot graphic regions and halftone dot photographic regions from the image data based on the characteristic feature.

Abstract: A holding sealing material includes a mat body. The mat body includes a first inorganic fiber and a second inorganic fiber. The first inorganic fiber contains about 60% by weight or more of alumina. The second inorganic fiber contains about 67% by weight or more of silica. The first inorganic fiber and the second inorganic fiber are in a mixed state.

Abstract: A drainage system for a fuel cell, including a gas-liquid separator configured to separate fuel gas and liquid water from a gas-liquid mixture discharged from the fuel cell, a water tank configured to receive the liquid water separated by the gas-liquid separator, a drain valve in fluid communication with the water tank, the drain valve configured to selectively discharge the liquid water from the water tank, and a control unit configured to selectively open and close the drain valve. The water tank includes a lower portion having a first horizontal cross sectional area and an upper portion having a second horizontal cross sectional area, the first horizontal cross sectional area being smaller than the second horizontal cross sectional area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell system provided with a fuel cell (1), a water tank (2) which stores water to be supplied to the fuel cell, and a heating device (10) which defrosts the water inside the tank during activation of the fuel cell. The fuel cell system has a switch (19) which signals activation of the fuel cell; at least one temperature sensor (13, 14) which detects a temperature inside the water tank; a pump (3) which conveys water from the water tank to the fuel cell; a heater (12) which warms the pump; and a controller (15).

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: An image processing device extracts graphic areas, for example, firstly from image data received, and then extracts other remaining areas, i.e., photographic and character areas. The areas that are extracted firstly can be photographic or character areas. This prevents the areas to be extracted firstly from being extracted accompanying with other areas under the influence of isolation processes to be executed on other areas. The image processing device also can establish the order of extraction of each area depending on the contents of the image data based on the user's operation.

Abstract: A system where pieces of information equipment are connected via a network, including a memory unit and a compensating device. The memory unit stores position information that represents a physical position of each piece of information equipment. The compensating device compensates a physical distance from one piece of information equipment to another piece of information equipment based on the position information, according to a frequency of information exchange between the former and the latter.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including a receiving unit, an extraction means, and a conversion means is disclosed. The receiving unit receives a first document data and a second document data obtained by reading respectively a first document and a second document each having at least one drawing. The extraction means extracts a first caption group for identifying the drawing contained in the first document and a second caption group for identifying the drawing contained in the second document. The conversion means converts the first caption group and the second caption group into a third caption group so that a character string in the first caption group does not overlap a character string in the second caption group.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus processes image data which is obtained by reading an halftone dot image. In the image processing apparatus, the image data is separated into the image data corresponding to halftone dots which form the halftone dot image and other image data. On the image data corresponding the halftone dots, the smoothing process is performed, and on the other image data, the edge enhancement is performed. Both of image data are synthesized and outputted. Since only the separated image data corresponding to halftone dots are smoothed out, it is possible to suppress creation of a moiré due to the halftone dot image which is an aggregation of the halftone dots, without influencing the smoothing processing upon the character portion in the vicinity of the halftone dots. On the other hand, since the other image data are edge-enhanced, the character portion, a line and the like show sharp and legible.

Abstract: The image processing device 1 generates edge image data from input image data, measures the distances between edge pixels in the main and secondary scanning direction, and interpolates between the edge pixels where said distances are less than a specified number of pixels in order to generate connecting edge image data of a group of connecting edge pixels. Next, it extracts a rectangular area circumscribing said group of connecting edge pixels as a local area, extracts diagonal direction edge components of said input image data that belong to said local area, and identifies said local area if the content of said diagonal direction edge components is within a specified range. The image processing device according to the present invention makes it possible to identify character areas correctly even in case of character images on complex color area reproduced by a screen, etc., and also extract character areas without causing problems such as partially missing defective characters.

Abstract: An apparatus for image processing including a region detector, a density conversion unit, a compression unit, and an expansion unit. The region detector detects an edge region in an image data. The density conversion unit reduces a density difference within the edge region detected by the region detector. The compression unit compresses the image data within the edge region where the density difference is reduced by the density conversion unit, using the discrete cosine transform. The expansion unit expands the image data compressed by the compression unit.

Abstract: In an image processor, a first converter extracts a line image region in input bit map image data and converts the line image to vector data, while a second converter converts bit map data of pixels in the input bit map image data around the line image of the line image region based on the bit map data of pixels around the line image region. Then, a composer composes the vector data of the line image obtained by the first converter and the bit map data converted by the second converter.