Abstract: A first subject of the present invention is an insoluble powder characterized in that a zeta-potential is a negative value. It is preferable that barium sulfate is a main ingredient in the insoluble powder. It is preferable that an average primary particle diameter is 3 to 100 ?m, and an aspect ratio is 3 to 250 in the insoluble powder. It is preferable that the insoluble powder is a metal-doped barium sulfate powder obtained by reacting a barium ion and a sulfate ion in the presence of a metal ion. It is preferable that the metal ion is one or more selected from the group consisting of a lithium ion, a sodium ion and a zinc ion in the insoluble powder. A second subject of the present invention is a skin barrier function recovering powder, or a skin roughening preventing and improving powder, which comprises the aforementioned powder. A third subject of the present invention is a skin external composition characterized in that a content of the aforementioned powder is 1 to 40% by weight.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composite powder, cosmetics containing the same, and the production method of the same. When blended into cosmetics, the above-described composite powder corrects skin surface unevenness and imperfections in skin color, renders a natural finish, and have durability in finished makeup. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the composite powder of the present invention comprises flaky substrate powder and barium sulfate particles or zinc oxide particles that adhere to the surface, in protrusions, of the substrate powder.

Abstract: A barium sulfate-based powder is produced by bringing barium ions (A) into contact with sulfate ions (B) in the presence of one or more metallic ion species (C) selected from the group consisting of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions. Thus, barium sulfate-based powders having various characteristics and thus satisfying functional requirements for cosmetics can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a directory server system comprising: a directory server for storing an attribute of an entry; an entity monitor being connected to the directory server for monitoring an entity, so that if a change in a state of the entity appears, then the entity monitor instructs the directory server to renew an attribute of a corresponding entry to the entity; and a directory renewal history storage device being connected to the directory server for storing a renewed attribute of the entry as attribute renewal history informations.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a diffusing film, a lighting unit, and a liquid crystal display element which can efficiently uses a light from a light source and which can obtain a beautiful image.A diffusing film comprising a powder which diffuses an incident light and which has an interference color of the same wave range with an absorption wave range, in uniformly and a diffusing film comprising two or more of a powder whose interference colors are complementary to each other, and a liquid crystal display element using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of producing a polyimide-type copolymer, to a thin layer forming agent, to a liquid crystal alignment layer and to processes of producing thin layer formation agents and liquid crystal alignment layers. More specifically, this invention relates to a polyamic acid block copolymer, a polyimide block copolymer, a polyimide-polyamic acid block copolymer, a thin layer forming agent comprised of a polyimide-type block copolymer, and a liquid crystal alignment layer comprised of a polyimide-type block copolymer and processes of their production.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent, which contains (1) at least one polymer selected from a polyamic acid and an imidized polymer therefrom; (2) at least one first solvent selected from the group consisting of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, lactones and 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinones; (3) at least one second solvent from (a) a phenyl ether solvent of the formula (I): ##STR1## and (b) an ester ether solvent of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.6, a, b and c are as defined herein.

Abstract: A liquid crystal-aligning agent comprising at least one of a polyamic acid obtained by reacting (A) a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride consisting of 70 to 98 mole % of a dianhydride of a tetracarboxylic acid such as ##STR1## or the like, and 2 to 30 mole % of a dianhydride of a cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, and (B) a diamine compound, and a polymer obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid.

Abstract: A method of virtual memory addressing control and information apparatus therefor for making a virtual address translation mechanism independently operate in the operating system of a virtual memory controlling architecture. In an information processing apparatus which employs the present invention, the address translating section is separated from the kernel of the operating system (OS) as an address translation server and they communicate with each other by communication messages. The address translation server calculates a physical address with reference to a process page table and system page table upon reception of a process identifier and virtual address from the OS kernel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyamic acid having a steroidal skeleton and an imidized product thereof; and a liquid crystal display device to which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for transferring a visible toner image formed on a photoconductive body onto an intermediate transfer body primarily and transferring the toner image transferred on the intermediate body onto a paper secondarily is disclosed. In the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the toner remaining on the photoconductive body is removed by a first cleaner blade after the primary transfer, and the toner remaining on the intermediate transfer body is removed by a second cleaner blade after the secondary transfer. A contact pressure of the second cleaner blade to be applied to the intermediate transfer body is set to be larger than a contact pressure of the first cleaner blade to be applied to the photoconductive body.

Abstract: A full color copying machine which includes intermediate transfer medium whereon toner images having respective color components, formed on a photoreceptor are transferred to form one color toner image, and a screen filter disposed so as to be freely inserted or removed in or from a path of exposure light, which filters the exposure light for exposing the photoreceptor into a pattern of lines. A plurality of color toner images obtained by executing a plurality of copying processes based on a plurality of exposures applied to an original document are superposed on the intermediate transfer medium to form a color toner image. The copying machine further includes a screen mode for inserting a screen filter into a path of exposure light and a normal mode for removing the screen filter from the path of exposure light.

Abstract: A transfer unit including: a transfer belt onto which toner images are formed; a backup roller on which said transfer belt is applied, the metallic surface of said backup roller being coated with a dielectric film; a metallic transfer roller that is disposed opposite to said backup roller across said transfer belt and to which a predetermined transfer voltage is applied, said transfer roller pressing copy paper against said backup roller with said transfer belt placed therebetween so that said toner images formed on said transfer belt are transferred onto said copy paper to be transported between said transfer roller and said transfer belt; and a back plate that is located in the vicinity of said backup roller and that contacts the back surface of said transfer belt, whereby an electric field for transferring a toner image by a low transfer voltage can be created, thereby preventing the transfer belt from dielectric breakdown.

Abstract: A cleaning structure of an image forming device comprises an image retainer, a cleaning blade supported to touch a moving surface of the image retainer, a cleaning roller supported to touch the moving surface of the image retainer in a position downstream from the position of the cleaning blade. The cleaning roller comprises a roller shaft, a roller base layer and a fluorocarbon polymer layer which is excellent in noncohesiveness and slip property.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a photosensitive member in an electrophotographic apparatus in which an electrophotographic operation is performed by charging the photosensitive member with a predetermined voltage, exposing the charged photosensitive member so as to form a latent image thereon and developing the latent image by use of toner, includes the steps of charging the photosensitive member with a half tone level voltage which is smaller than the predetermined voltage, and developing the charged photosensitive member by use of toner without exposing the charged photosensitive member, so as to form a uniform half tone toner image thereon. The cleaning method also includes the step of scraping off the toner of the uniform half tone toner image from the photosensitive member by a blade abutting thereto.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having: a developer unit that has a magnetic developing roller for applying toner to electrostatic latent image areas formed on the surface of a photoconductor and that has a shutter which is closed to regulate the distribution of the toner to the photoconductor, a developing bias voltage for controlling adherence of the toner to the photoconductor being applied to said developer unit; and a bias voltage source for applying, when the shutter of the developer unit is closed, a developing bias voltage of the level between 0V and the developing bias voltage applied when the shutter is opened, thereby preventing blank spots from appearing in transferred images without increasing image-overtoning and also preventing damages from being caused to the surface of the fuser rollers of a fuser unit.

Abstract: A copying apparatus having a prescanning function for obtaining density data to adjust copy parameters includes a correction function which eliminates the data obtained from a portion of a predetermined color, from the density data detected on a prescanning process. The density data can be restricted within a predetermined range. The predetermined range can be easily set by the user.

Abstract: A light source device for use in a color copying machine comprises a plurality of light source lamps having different efficiencies respectively and means for lighting any number of light source lamp or lamps among said plural light source lamps depending on the luminous energy of the respective blue, green and red spectrums and/or the spectral sensitivity of the photosensitive member for said respective spectrums.

Abstract: A color copier operable both in monochromatic and full-color copying modes is controlled by a central processing unit programmed to exercise a real-time control of operation by detecting image characteristics of an original to be copied if a monochromatic copying mode is selected. If a full-color copying mode is selected, the image characteristics are preliminarily detected by scanning before a copying operation is started.