Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes a resin having a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I) and having an imidization ratio equal to or less than 0.2, a cyclic amine compound, and an acyclic aliphatic amine compound, wherein the resin, the cyclic amine compound, and the acyclic aliphatic amine compound are dissolved in an aqueous solvent; wherein in Formula (I), A represents a tetravalent organic group and B represents a divalent organic group.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charging unit; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed at the electrophotographic photoreceptor by a developer to form a toner image, the developing unit storing the developer containing a toner having toner particles containing a crystalline resin and having a shape factor SF1 of from 100 to 150, a volume average particle diameter of from 3 to 6 ?m, and fluorocarbon-based resin particles as an external additive; a transfer unit; and a cleaning unit that cleans the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a blade containing urethane rubber, the blade disposed applying a pressure to the electrophotographic photoreceptor surface of 0.20 mN/mm or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is made of a cured film of a composition including a compound represented by the following Formula (M1) and a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group:

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor including the outermost surface layer formed from a cured film of a composition containing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transportable skeleton in a molecule and a chain transfer agent having a sulfur atom in a molecule, in which the reaction rate of the compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transportable skeleton in a molecule is about 90% to about 100% and the charge mobility of the cured film at an electric field intensity of 1.0×105 v/cm is from about 5.0×10?7 cm2/Vs to about 1.0×10?4 cm2/Vs.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes: a resin that contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I) and has an imidization rate of 0.2 or less, wherein A represents a tetravalent organic group, and B represents a divalent organic group; an aliphatic cyclic amine compound; and an aqueous solvent, wherein the resin and the aliphatic cyclic amine compound are dissolved in the aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes an organic amine compound and a resin which contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I) and has an imidization rate of 0.2 or less dissolved in a solvent containing water and one or more kinds of organic solvents selected from a water-soluble ether solvent, a water-soluble ketone solvent, and a water-soluble alcohol solvent: wherein A represents a tetravalent organic group, and B represents a divalent organic group.

Abstract: A fuel economical lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines comprises a base oil and an additive composition comprising an overbased metal-containing detergent and a molybdenum-containing friction modifier, in which the overbased metal-containing detergent comprises calcium salicylate having an alkyl group having an average carbon atom number of 14-18, at least 60 mol. % of the alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 14-18, and calcium sulfonate having an alkyl group having an average carbon atom number of 20-24, at least 60 mol. % of the alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 20-24, and/or calcium salicylate having an alkyl group having an average carbon atom number of 20-28, at least 60 mol. % of the alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 20-28.

Abstract: Provided is a thiol group-containing charge transporting material represented by the following general formula (1): F-[(G)a1-(X)a2—Y—SH]b??(1) wherein F represents an organic group derived from a charge transporting compound, G represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, X represents a group selected from a —CO—O— group, an —O—CO— group, and an —O— group, Y represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a1 and a2 each independently represent 0 or 1, and b represents an integer of 1 or more and 6 or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate and an outermost layer containing a cured film of a composition containing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transporting skeleton in the same molecule, and at least one chain transfer agent selected from a compound having 4 or more primary thiol groups and a compound having 2 or more secondary thiol groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyamic acid composition in which carbon black with a pH value approximately 7 or less is dispersed in a solution comprising a polyamic acid represented by Formula (1) having amino groups at molecular terminal ends thereof, and a solvent. In Formula (1), R1 represents a tetravalent organic group, R2 represents a divalent organic group, and m represents an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes a polyimide precursor including a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1), a solvent, and acidic carbon black having a pH of 5.0 or less, wherein R1 represents a tetravalent organic group, R2 represents a divalent organic group, each of R3 and R4 independently represents a monovalent organic group or hydrogen, and R3 and R4 are not hydrogen at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor including at least an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a layer composed of a cured film of a composition including at least one of compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a charge-transportable backbone in the molecule thereof, a polymerization initiator and a radical deactivator.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cured film of a composition containing a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group and at least one selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound or a nitro compound.

Abstract: A barium sulfate-based powder is produced by bringing barium ions (A) into contact with sulfate ions (B) in the presence of one or more metallic ion species (C) selected from the group consisting of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions. Thus, barium sulfate-based powders having various characteristics and thus satisfying functional requirements for cosmetics can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor including a cured film of a composition which includes at least one charge transporting compound (a) having a charge transporting skeleton and at least two structural units represented by R—O—CO—CR??CH—R? in the same molecule, and at least one polycarbonate resin; a ratio (IA/IC) of an absorption peak intensity (IA) resulting from stretching vibration of a carbonyl group originating from the structural unit represented by R—O—CO—CR??CH—R? of the charge transporting compound (a) to an absorption peak intensity (IC) resulting from stretching vibration of a carbonyl group originating from the polycarbonate resin in an IR absorption spectrum of the outermost layer being from about 0.5 to about 10, and a width at half maximum of the absorption peak of the absorption peak intensity (IA) being about 25 cm?1 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a thiol group-containing charge transporting material represented by the following general formula (1): F-[(G)a1-(X)a2—Y—SH]b??(1) wherein F represents an organic group derived from a charge transporting compound, G represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, X represents a group selected from a —CO—O— group, an —O—CO— group, and an —O— group, Y represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a1 and a2 each independently represent 0 or 1, and b represents an integer of 1 or more and 6 or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate and an outermost layer containing a cured film of a composition containing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transporting skeleton in the same molecule, and at least one chain transfer agent selected from a compound having 4 or more primary thiol groups and a compound having 2 or more secondary thiol groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides an endless belt superior in peelability even under a low temperature and low humidity environment. An endless belt includes: a first region and a second region, which contain a polyimide-based resin, a contact angle to water of an outer peripheral surface of each of the first region and the second region differing from each other, and a ratio of a sum total of an area of the first region and a sum total of an area of the second region being in the range of about 80:20, to about 20:80.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor including the outermost surface layer formed from a cured film of a composition containing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transportable skeleton in a molecule and a chain transfer agent having a sulfur atom in a molecule, in which the reaction rate of the compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transportable skeleton in a molecule is about 90% to about 100% and the charge mobility of the cured film at an electric field intensity of 1.0×105 v/cm is from about 5.0×10?7 cm2/Vs to about 1.0×10?4 cm2/Vs.

Abstract: Provided is a cleaning roll (conductive roll) including a core, a coating layer formed thereon, and a shaft along the axis of the core. The coating layer contains a bismaleimide resin and a conductive agent. Also provided are a cleaning unit, a process cartridge, and an image-forming apparatus employing the conductive roll. The conductive roll may include a core and a coating layer containing a bismaleimide resin and a conductive agent formed on the external peripheral surface of the core.