Abstract: Provided is a resin for a toner, which is a copolymer including a crystalline segment, and having a maximum elastic stress value at 100° C. (ES100) of 1,000 Pa or less, and a maximum elastic stress value at 70° C. (ES70) of 1,000 Pa or greater when the temperature is lowered from 100° C. to 70° C., where the maximum elastic stress values are measured according to a large amplitude oscillatory shear procedure.

Abstract: Toner that includes a polyester resin, fluorine and aluminum. The toner satisfies formulae (1) and (2), 1.00?AB/B?0.50??(1) 0?(A?AB)/A?0.25??(2) where A represents an area where the fluorine exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), B represents an area where the aluminum exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and AB represents an overlapping area between A and B. Toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method.

Abstract: A toner, including: a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin has a structure represented by any one of formulas 1) to 3) below: 1) R1-(NHCONH-R2)n-, 2) R1-(NHCOO-R2)n-, and 3) R1-(OCONH-R2)n-, where n is 3 or more, R1 represents an aromatic organic group or an aliphatic organic group, and R2 represents a group derived from a resin that is polyester formed of polycarboxylic acid, polyol, or both thereof; or that is a modified polyester obtained by modifying polyester with isocyanate.

Abstract: To provide a toner, containing: a binder resin; a colorant; a releasing agent; and a crystalline polyester resin, wherein the toner satisfies the following formulae (1) to (3): 40° C.?X?55° C. Formula (1) 85° C.?Y?92° C. Formula (2) 35° C.?Y?X?50° C. Formula (3) where X is an onset temperature and Y is an endset temperature of an endothermic peak on a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of the toner as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Abstract: A layered inorganic mineral including a surface treated with a fluorine-containing compound, where the layered inoganic mineral that can be favorably used for a toner that is excellent in high charging ability, charging stability, and low temperature fixing ability, and that can exhibits high reliability during cleaning.

Abstract: A toner includes a binder resin including a copolymer resin containing structural units derived from crystalline and non-crystalline resins, respectively. Spin-spin relaxation time (t50) of the toner at 50° C. measured by pulse NMR is ?0.05 msec., spin-spin relaxation time (t130) at 130° C. when warmed from 50° C. to 130° C. is >15 msec., and spin-spin relaxation time (t?70) at 70° C. when cooled from 130° C. to 70° C. is ?1.00 msec. A binarized image obtained by binarizing a phase image of the toner observed by a tapping mode AFM based on intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in the phase image includes first phase difference images constituted by large phase-difference portions and a second phase difference image constituted by a small phase-difference portion. The first phase difference images are dispersed in the second phase difference image. The dispersion diameter of the first phase difference images is 150 nm or less.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin dispersed in the amorphous resin, and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequality: B/A<0.8 where A represents a perimeter of the crystalline resin and B represents a length of a part of the perimeter A of the crystalline resin at which the crystalline resin is in contact with the amorphous resin, A and B being measured from a cross-sectional image of the toner observed with transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: A polyester resin for a toner, the polyester resin including: a segment derived from an alcohol component; and a segment derived from a carboxylic acid component, wherein the alcohol component includes a trivalent or higher aliphatic alcohol, and wherein the polyester resin satisfies Expressions (1) to (3) below: 500 ? Weight ? ? average ? ? molecular ? ? weight ? ? ( Mw ) ( Valence ? ? of ? ? the ? ? trivalent ? ? or higher ? ? aliphatic ? ? alcohol ) × ( Amount ? ? of ? ? the ? ? trivalent ? ? or higher ? ? aliphatic ? ? alcohol ) ? 4 , 000 ; Expression ? ? ( 1 ) 4,000?Weight average molecular weight (Mw)?25,000?? Expression (2); and 0.5?(Amount of the trivalent or higher aliphatic alcohol)?6.

Abstract: A toner includes a base particle including a polyester resin and a colorant. A sea-island structure is observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in a cross-sectional image of the toner. The island structure includes the colorant and has an average diameter of from 0.2 ?m to 1.0 ?m, and the number of the island structure is from 5 to 30.

Abstract: Toner that includes a polyester resin, fluorine and aluminum. The toner satisfies formulae (1) and (2), 1.00?AB/B?0.50 ??(1) 0?(A?AB)/A?0.25 ??(2) where A represents an area where the fluorine exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), B represents an area where the aluminum exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and AB represents an overlapping area between A and B. Toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method.

Abstract: A toner includes a polyester resin including a polyester resin component A (A) insoluble in tetrahydrofuran; and a polyester resin component B (B) soluble in tetrahydrofuran. The toner has a first glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of from 20° C. to 50° C., measured at a first temperature rising in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2): T=1/{a/(TgA+273)+b/(TgB+273)}?273??(1) T?TgAB>30×a??(2) wherein a and b represent weight ratios of (A) and (B) to a total weight of (A) and (B), and satisfy the equation a+b=1; and TgA, TgB and TgAB represent second glass transition temperatures (Tg2nd), measured at a second temperature rising in differential scanning calorimetry, of (A), (B), and a mixture of (A) and (B), respectively.

Abstract: A resin composition for a toner including a polyester resin and a colorant, wherein the polyester resin has A(10)-A(180) of 70 or greater, where A(10) (%) is a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 500 nm through a mixture of 20 parts by mass of the polyester resin added to 80 parts by mass of ethyl acetate and stirred at 25° C. for 10 minutes, and A(180) (%) is the transmittance after the mixture is left to stand for 3 hours.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a crosslinked polyester resin, and a block copolymer. The crosslinked polyester resin includes a diol component, which includes an aliphatic diol component having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in an amount of 50% by mole, and a crosslinked component, which is at least one of a crosslinked component of an aliphatic alcohol having three or more valences and a crosslinked component of an aliphatic acid having three or more valences, and the block copolymer includes a crystalline segment (a) and a non-crystalline segment (b). The toner has a first glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of from 20° C. to 50° C., which is determined by subjecting the toner to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and measuring a glass transition temperature in a first temperature rising process in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: A toner, including: a copolymerization resin, wherein the copolymerization resin includes: a unit derived from a polyester resin including a polycarboxylic acid having a valence of 2 or more and a polyol having a valence of 2 or more; and a unit derived from a resin having a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton, where the unit derived from the resin having a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton is bonded to the unit derived from the polyester resin via at least one of a urethane group and a urea group, and wherein the toner has a relative degree of crystallization of 10% or more and less than 50%.

Abstract: A toner, including: a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin includes a diol component and a crosslink component as constituent components thereof, wherein the diol component contains an aliphatic diol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in an amount of 50 mol % or more, wherein the crosslink component contains a trihydric or higher aliphatic alcohol, and wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C., where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner.

Abstract: A toner, including: a binder resin; and a colorant, wherein the toner has a storage modulus of 1.0×107 Pa or more at 50° C., a loss modulus of 8.0×104 Pa to 2.0×105 Pa at 80° C., and a loss modulus of 2.0×102 Pa to 1.0×103 Pa at 160° C.

Abstract: A toner, wherein the toner has glass transition temperature [Tg1st (toner)] of 20° C. to 50° C., where the glass transition temperature [Tg1st (toner)] is measured in a first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner, wherein tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter of the toner has glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] of ?40° C. to 30° C., where the glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is measured in a second heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter, wherein the THF insoluble matter has a storage modulus at 100° C. [G?(100) (THF insoluble matter)] of 1.0×105 Pa to 1.0×107 Pa, and wherein a ratio of a storage modulus of the THF insoluble matter at 40° C. [G?(40) (THF insoluble matter)] to the storage modulus of the THF insoluble matter at 100° C. [G?(100) (THF insoluble matter)] is 3.5×10 or less.

Abstract: A toner, including: base particles containing a polyester resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C. where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner, wherein tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter of the toner has a glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] of 30° C. or lower where the glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble to matter)] is measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the THF insoluble matter, and wherein 50% or less of the colorant is present within a region of 1,000 nm from a surface of each of the base particles toward a center thereof.

Abstract: A toner including: a pigment; polyester resin A that is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF); and polyester resin B that is soluble in THF, wherein the toner satisfies requirements (1) to (3) below: (1) the polyester resin A includes one or more aliphatic diols including from 3 through 10 carbon atoms, as a component constituting the polyester resin A; (2) the polyester resin B includes at least an alkylene glycol in an amount of 40 mol % or more, as a component constituting the polyester resin B; and (3) a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of the toner at first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner is from 20° C. through 50° C.

Abstract: A polyester resin for a toner, the polyester resin including: a segment derived from an alcohol component; and a segment derived from a carboxylic acid component, wherein the alcohol component includes a trivalent or higher aliphatic alcohol, and wherein the polyester resin satisfies Expressions (1) to (3) below: 500 ? Weight ? ? average ? ? molecular ? ? weight ? ? ( Mw ) ( Valence ? ? of ? ? the ? ? trivalent ? ? or higher ? ? aliphatic ? ? alcohol ) × ( Amount ? ? of ? ? the ? ? trivalent ? ? or higher ? ? aliphatic ? ? alcohol ) ? 4 , 000 ; Expression ? ? ( 1 ) 4,000?Weight average molecular weight (Mw)?25,000?? Expression (2); and 0.5?(Amount of the trivalent or higher aliphatic alcohol)?6.