Abstract: A method of preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering certain imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds with a hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl substituent at the 2-position or pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making, and methods of using these compounds a immunomodulators for treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases comprising preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in an animal are disclosed.

Abstract: A sample acquisition device includes a capillary array configured to draw in a sample and retain the sample by capillary action. The capillary array may be coupled to an elongated member, such as a stem or a hollow tube, which defines a longitudinal axis extending in a first direction. In some embodiments, the capillary array defines a major sample acquisition surface that extends in a second direction different than the first direction. A ratio of the major sample acquisition surface area to maximum volume retained by the capillary array may be selected to minimize physical binding between the capillary array and sample. In some embodiments, the device may include a feedback mechanism to indicate the relative pressure applied to a sample source with the sample acquisition device. In addition, in some embodiments, the sample acquisition device may include a suction source to help draw the sample into the capillary array.

Abstract: Imidazo-containing compounds (e.g., imidazoquinolines, imidazonaphthyridines, and imidazopyridines) with an oxime substituent at the 1-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazoquinolines and imidazonaphthyridines with a substituent containing a functional group, e.g., an amide, sulfonamide, urea, or heterocyclyl group, at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: A concentration agent for capture of microorganisms, including diatomaceous earth bearing, on at least a portion of its surface, a surface treatment comprising a surface modifier comprising titanium dioxide, fine-nanoscale gold or platinum, or a combination thereof, and methods for making the concentration agent.

Abstract: Imidazo ring compounds (e.g., imidazoquinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazoquinolines, imidazonaphthyridines, and imidazopyridines) with a hydroxylamine substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Sterilization indicators that include a unique porous carrier, such indicators useful for testing the effectiveness of a sterilization procedure by measuring the activity of an active enzyme whose activity is correlated with the survival of microorganisms.

Abstract: Sterilization indicators that include a neutralizer, such indicators useful for testing the effectiveness of a sterilization procedure by measuring the activity of an active enzyme whose activity is correlated with the survival of microorganisms.

Abstract: Fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines) with a —CH(—X1—R1)— group in the fused ring at the 1-position of the imidazo ring, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for capturing or concentrating microorganisms for detection or assay comprises (a) providing a concentration agent that comprises diatomaceous earth bearing, on at least a portion of its surface, a surface treatment comprising a surface modifier comprising titanium dioxide, fine-nanoscale gold or platinum, or a combination thereof; (b) providing a sample comprising at least one microorganism strain; and (c) contacting the concentration agent with the sample such that at least a portion of the at least one microorganism strain is bound to or captured by the concentration agent.

Abstract: Amide and carbamate derivatives N-{2-[4-amino-2-(ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds in modulating the immune system, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Thiazolo[4,5-c]ring compounds, (e.g. thiazolopyridine, thiazoloquinoline, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothiazoloquinoline, thiazolonaphthyridine, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothiazolonaphthyridine compounds) having an oxime or hydroxylamine substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: 1H-Imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines with a hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, or alkoxyalkoxy substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for limiting the growth of microorganisms comprises (a) providing an antimicrobial agent comprising fine-nanoscale gold on a support medium comprising nanoparticulate titania, the fine-nanoscale gold having been deposited on the support medium by physical vapor deposition; and (b) contacting at least one microorganism with the antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: Substituted fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines) with a —CH(—R1)— group in the fused ring at the 1-position of the imidazo ring, wherein R1 includes a functional group, for example, an amide, sulfonamide, urea, carbamate, ester, ketone, ether, a thio analog of the forgoing, sulfone, oxime, or hydroxylamine, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain imidazonaphthyridines with a hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: 1H-Imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridin-4-amines with a hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, or alkoxyalkoxy substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines) with a —CH(—X1—R1)— group in the fused ring at the 1-position of the imidazo ring, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Amide and carbamate derivatives of N-[4-(4-amino-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamides with an ethyl, methyl, or n-propyl substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds in modulating the immune system, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Pyrazolopyridin-4-amines, pyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, pyrazolonaphthyridin-4-amines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, and prodrugs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing or inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.