Abstract: Imidazoquinolines and imidazonaphthyridines with a substituent containing a functional group, e.g., an amide, sulfonamide, urea, or heterocyclyl group, at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Pyrazolopyridin-4-amines, pyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, pyrazolonaphthyridin-4-amines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, and prodrugs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing or inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines, pyrazolo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and analogs thereof, eg., 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines, and, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making these compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of diseases by inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain imidazoquinolines with a hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl substituent at the 2-position, and an aryl or heteroaryl substituent at the 7-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds, (e.g. imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines, imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridine, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridine compounds) having an oxime or hydroxylamine substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazo ring compounds (e.g., imidazoquinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazoquinolines, imidazonaphthyridines, and imidazopyridines) with an oxime substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention provides for devices to facilitate the release of sample materials from sample acquisition devices. The device comprises an abrasion element comprising at least one constriction or projection. A second aspect of the present invention provides for methods in which to use the devices to facilitate the release of sample materials from a sample acquisition device. Optionally, the device may contain at least one reagent to facilitate the release and/or detection of a microorganism, or component thereof, in a sample. Preferably, the devices and methods may be used in conjunction with a liquid medium in which the sample may be further processed.

Abstract: Certain imidazoquinolines with a hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering certain imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds with a hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl substituent at the 2-position or pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making, and methods of using these compounds a immunomodulators for treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases comprising preferentially inducing IFN-? biosynthesis in an animal are disclosed.

Abstract: Devices to process a sample are configured to releasably attach a sample acquisition device to a drive mechanism that provides rotational and/or vibrational motion to the sample acquisition device. The devices can be used in sample processing methods to dislodge sample materials from the sample acquisition device. Sample processing methods using rotational or vibrational motion may further include the use of a liquid medium into which the sample is released. Sample processing methods may further include the detection of an analyte in the sample.

Abstract: 1H-Imidazo ring systems (e.g., imidazopyridines, imidazoquinolines, imidazonaphthyridines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro imidazoquinolines and imidazonaphthyridines) with an amino substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazoquinoline compounds with an aryloxy or arylalkyleneoxy or hydroxy substituent at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines) with a —CH(—X1—R1)-group in the fused ring at the 1-position of the imidazo ring, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazoquinoline compounds with an oxime substituent at the 1-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds (e.g., imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines) with a —CH(—R1)— group in the fused ring at the 1-position of the imidazo ring, wherein R1 includes a functional group, for example, an amide, sulfonamide, urea, carbamate, ester, ketone, ether, a thio analog of the forgoing, sulfone, oxime, or hydroxylamine, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazopyridine, imidazoquinoline, and imidazonaphthyridine compounds having a urea substituent at the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazo ring compounds, (e.g. imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline, and imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridine compounds) having an isoxazole, dihydroisoxazole, or oxadiazole substituent at the 1-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazo ring systems, which include, for example, imidazopyridine, imidazoquinoline, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazoquinoline, imidazonaphthyridine, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazonaphthyridine compounds substituted at the 1-position and/or the 2-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of making these compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazonaphthyridine ring systems substituted with an aryl substituent, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Imidazoquinoline and imidazonaphthyridine compounds having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl substituent at the 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, and methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for modulating cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.