Abstract: The invention relates to a micromechanical actuator, especially a micro-mirror scanner, comprising an actuator unit in an outer frame which unit is suspended in the outer frame via two torsion elements, and electrostatic tilt drives from intermeshing first and second comb-type electrodes which are off-set from each other vertically. The first electrodes are rigidly connected to the outer frame and the second electrodes to the outer frame via an outer connecting element and to the actuator unit via an inner connecting element. The inner connecting element has a spring which extends in parallel to the outer tilting axis, which is connected to the same in a section of the actuator unit close the outer tilting axis, and which is designed and arranged to be rigid in the vertical direction and flexible at a right angle to the vertical direction.

Abstract: The cover according to the invention serves to encapsulate microsystems, wherein the cover comprises or is made of one or more cover units, and at least one cover unit comprises at least one first recess caused by deformation and bounded at least partially by at least one optical window, the quadratic surface roughness thereof being less than or equal to 25 nm. The invention further relates to a method for producing optical components, wherein the method is particularly also suitable for producing a cover according to the invention allowing encapsulation at the wafer level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microsystem having at least one micromirror (1) and at least one micromirror actuator (2) for pivoting the at least one micromirror (1) about at least one axis from a relaxed resting position, comprising a frame chip and a transparent cover (3) disposed on the frame chip, wherein the frame chip has a chip frame (10), on which the at least one micromirror (1) is articulated in an elastically pivoting manner, wherein the at least one micromirror (1) is further disposed within the chip frame (10) and in a cavity (11) that is formed between the transparent cover (3) and a carrier layer.

Abstract: A micromechanical apparatus includes a moving element which comprises a controllable heating apparatus for introduction of a defined amount of heat into the moving element, wherein the apparatus furthermore has a control unit which is designed to control the heating apparatus as a function of an instantaneous temperature and/or of an instantaneous amount of heat that is introduced. The apparatus can be designed to project electromagnetic radiation when the moving element is in the form of a beam deflection unit for deflection of radiation, which originates from a radiation source, onto a projection surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a micro-mirror actuator and the corresponding actuator. In the method, the actuator is generated from a layered construction made of at least three main layers (101, 103, 107), which are at least sectionally electrically insulated from one another via intermediate layers (102, 104, 106). The layers are structured to form the micro-mirror element and the electrodes, the structuring being performed in such a way that a closed frame (310) is formed from at least the uppermost layer (107) around the inner area of the actuator, which allows a hermetic encapsulation of the inner area by application of a cover plate onto the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a housing for one or more micromechanical and/or micro-optic components, wherein the housing exhibits a supporting substrate having at least one micromechanical and/or micro-optic component and at least one cap substrate, which is joined to the supporting substrate. The supporting substrate and the at least one cap substrate form at least one cavity, which at least partially encloses the at least one micromechanical and/or micro-optic component, wherein the side of at least one cap substrate facing the at least one micromechanical and/or micro-optic component exhibits at least one optical window and at least one mechanical stop. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is a method for producing such a housing, wherein the method is particularly usable for encapsulation at the wafer level.

Abstract: A computerized method and system of document analysis. The method and system categorise documents according to a taxonomy. This is accomplished by rating training documents on a lower level by associating either of the following predicates to a training document: either correct, inbound, outbound, or unassigned, Rating categories are established on a lower level by determining precision/recall values for each category, and generating higher level category rating attributes from the lower-level rating steps. This is done by associating one or more of: aa) weak category, bb) existing source/sink relationship between categories, cc) close categories to the categories, and deriving an overall quality measure for the training base from the lower-level and higher-level rating step. The lower-level and higher-level evaluation results are stored.

Abstract: A fast convolution method applicable to convolving a signal (indicative of an n-dimensional pattern, where n is greater than or equal to two) with a smooth kernel that can be approximated by a separated-spline kernel, and a system configured to perform such method using software or signal processing circuitry. Unlike Fourier-based convolution methods which require on the order of N log N arithmetic operations for a signal of length N, the method of the invention requires only on the order of N arithmetic operations to do so. Unlike wavelet-based convolution approximations (which typically also require more arithmetic operations than are required in accordance with the invention to convolve the same signal), the method of the invention is exact for convolution kernels which are spline kernels.

Abstract: A device for machine knitting with at least one continuous yarn, in which the yarn, by a hook part of a knitting needle, is passed in a loop through a previously formed loop and forms a new loop, in which the knitting needle, below a needle hook, has a slot into which a downward-oriented transfer hook movable in a vertical direction can be introduced, and the transfer hook is introducable into the slot by a simultaneously controllable transverse motion.

Abstract: An improved knitting tool, comprising a loop-drawing needle (2) and a transfer needle (3), is improved in terms of its operational reliability, its versatility of use, and its knitting speed, by providing that the loop-drawing needle (2) has a cheek region (12) which is widened compared to the rest of the shank (5) and which is provided with a noucat (16). On the end of the cheek region (12) remote from the hook (9) of the loop-drawing needle (2), a control face (36) is provided, along which the transfer needle (3) runs with its control face (37), as a result of which the spacing between the loop-drawing needle (2) and the transfer needle (3) changes. The transfer hook (26) of the transfer needle (3) is wider than the hook (9) of the loop-drawing needle, and the hook tip is sharpened or pointed in order to fit into the noucat (16) in the loop-drawing needle, Because the transfer hook (26) is embodied as especially wide, the operating safety is increased substantially.

Abstract: A molecular sieve is made by reacting an ammonium-exchanged low silica X-type zeolite precursor with lithium hydroxide, at a pressure of about 200 millibar or less, and at a temperature of about 60° or less. The zeolite precursor is preferably an X-type zeolite, in which the silicon to aluminum atomic ratio is less than about 1.02. The lithium is provided in an amount which is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of ammonium present. The molecular sieve is especially useful in separating air into components using PSA or VPSA processes, and has improved productivity and yield as compared with materials of the prior art. The advantages of the molecular sieve enable it to be provided in the form of beads having relatively large diameter, which reduces the pressure drop across the adsorber bed, and reduces required energy consumption.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for machine knitting with at least one continuous thread, in which the thread is passed through an existing stitch in the form of a loop, by means of the hook of a knitting or working needle to form a new stitch, whereby the knitting or working needle comprises a slot below the needle hook, into which a downwards-pointing transfer hook, which may be moved in the vertical direction, may extend. The transfer hook extends into the slot by means of a simultaneous controlled transverse movement, or the transfer hook forms the end of a moving lever, the other end of which is in the form of a control foot, the bearing of which is in the form of a dog which engages the groove of the lever and presses the control foot outwards in the control track by means of a flat spring. The above permits in a simple and secure manner smaller knitting sizes on knitting than for all other conventionally applied techniques.

Abstract: An improved knitting tool, comprising a loop-drawing needle (2) and a transfer needle (3), is improved in terms of its operational reliability, its versatility of use, and its knitting speed, by providing that the loop-drawing needle (2) has a cheek region (12) which is widened compared to the rest of the shank (5) and which is provided with a noucat (16). On the end of the cheek region (12) remote from the hook (9) of the loop-drawing needle (2), a control face (36) is provided, along which the transfer needle (3) runs with its control face (37), as a result of which the spacing between the loop-drawing needle (2) and the transfer needle (3) changes. The transfer hook (26) of the transfer needle (3) is wider than the hook (9) of the loop-drawing needle, and the hook tip is sharpened or pointed in order to fit into the noucat (16) in the loop-drawing needle, Because the transfer hook (26) is embodied as especially wide, the operating safety is increased substantially.

Abstract: A computerized method and system of document analysis. The method and system categorise documents according to a taxonomy. This is accomplished by rating training documents on a lower level by associating either of the following predicates to a training document: either correct, inbound, outbound, or unassigned, Rating categories are established on a lower level by determining precision/recall values for each category, and generating higher level category rating attributes from the lower-level rating steps. This is done by associating one or more of: aa) weak category, bb) existing source/sink relationship between categories, cc) close categories to the categories, and deriving an overall quality measure for the training base from the lower-level and higher-level rating step. The lower-level and higher-level evaluation results are stored.

Abstract: A lithography method and apparatus which represent a substrate surface as gray level values and determine a shape data that specifies a shape and position of a flash field. The apparatus receives a pattern in a vector format, represents the substrate surface as a grid of pixels, and then represents each pixel as a gray level value specifying a proportion of the pixel that includes the pattern. Subsequently the apparatus constructs a matrix of a quadrant of four pixels and surrounding pixels, modifies the matrix so that three intermediate shapes corresponding to an exposed region of the quadrant may be provided, determines an intermediate shape data of the quadrant; and performs a reverse modification on the shape to determine the shape data that specifies a flash field.

Abstract: The above described deficiencies and drawbacks are overcome by the process for making poly(arylene ether)-polyamide compositions which comprise about 10 weight percent (wt %) to about 90 wt % poly(arylene ether), about 90 wt % to about 10 wt % polyamide, about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % compatibility modifier, and optionally other additives known in the art. The process comprises several components which can be employed singly or in combination, namely: utilizing resins and additives that are substantially free of gaseous oxygen (air-free; e.g. less than about 1.0 vol % oxygen preferred, and less than about 0.5 vol % oxygen especially preferred, and less than about 0.05 vol % especially preferred); melting and compounding under an atmosphere which is substantially air-free; adding up to 20 wt % of polyamide to the poly(arylene ether) before compounding; when employing an extruder with an atmospheric vent, operating with the atmospheric vent open; and performing the injection molding under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The above described deficiencies and drawbacks are overcome by the process for making poly(arylene ether)-polyamide compositions which comprise about 10 weight percent (wt %) to about 90 wt % poly(arylene ether), about 90 wt % to about 10 wt % polyamide, about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % compatibility modifier, and optionally other additives known in the art. The process comprises several components which can be employed singly or in combination, namely: utilizing resins and additives that are substantially free of gaseous oxygen (air-free; e.g. less than about 1.0 vol % oxygen preferred, and less than about 0.5 vol % oxygen especially preferred, and less than about 0.05 vol % especially preferred); melting and compounding under an atmosphere which is substantially air-free; adding up to 20 wt % of polyamide to the poly(arylene ether) before compounding; when employing an extruder with an atmospheric vent, operating with the atmospheric vent open; and performing the injection molding under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The above described deficiencies and drawbacks are overcome by the process for making poly(arylene ether)-polyamide compositions which comprise about 10 weight percent (wt %) to about 90 wt % poly(arylene ether), about 90 wt % to about 10 wt % polyamide, about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % compatibility modifier, and optionally other additives known in the art. The process comprises several components which can be employed singly or in combination, namely: utilizing resins and additives that are substantially free of gaseous oxygen (air-free; e.g. less than about 1.0 vol % oxygen preferred, and less than about 0.5 vol % oxygen especially preferred, and less than about 0.05 vol % especially preferred); melting and compounding under an atmosphere which is substantially air-free; adding up to 20 wt % of polyamide to the poly(arylene ether) before compounding; when employing an extruder with an atmospheric vent, operating with the atmospheric vent open; and performing the injection molding under an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A fast convolution method applicable to convolving a signal (indicative of an n-dimensional pattern, where n is greater than or equal to two) with a smooth kernel that can be approximated by a separated-spline kernel, and a system configured to perform such method using software or signal processing circuitry. Unlike Fourier-based convolution methods which require on the order of N log N arithmetic operations for a signal of length N, the method of the invention requires only on the order of N arithmetic operations to do so. Unlike wavelet-based convolution approximations (which typically also require more arithmetic operations than are required in accordance with the invention to convolve the same signal), the method of the invention is exact for convolution kernels which are spline kernels.

Abstract: For the fixated cryopreservation of single living biological objects or s objects compiled in a given number (for example cells) a cryogenically cooled substrate (13) is jetted therewith in a enveloping solution in microdroplet form (12) from a storage vessel, for example by means of a microdroplet jetting device (11). The substrate is temperature-controlled via a coolant (15), the surface to be jetted being located in a gas atmosphere or in vacuum (14). The substrate surface is maintained at a temperature T1 resulting in freezing of the impinging microdroplet, the substrate surface being possibly supportingly microstructured and comprising sensing elements. By controlled movement of either the substrate or the microdroplet jetting device the microdroplets can be applied singly and in patterns in arrays freely selectable or predetermined by the structuring of the substrate.