Abstract: The invention relates to a method for actuating intake valves and exhaust valves of a four-stroke direct-injection gasoline engine. At low torque, a parallel retardation of the intake valves and exhaust valves is carried out, so that, at the commencement of the intake stroke, the exhaust valve is still open and the intake valve is still closed after top dead center (TDC) of the piston. High internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) occurs, irrespective of the pressure in the intake manifold. The resulting internal EGR is sufficient to displace the 50% MFB timing to its optimal position after TDC and to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

Abstract: A device for varying the valve timing of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine comprising a driven unit (3) rotationally fixed to a camshaft (2), and a drive unit (6) which is in driving relationship through a traction element with a crankshaft while being rotatably mounted on the driven unit (3), the device (1) further comprising at least two pressure chambers (11, 12) that can be pressurized by a hydraulic pressure medium, the hydraulic pressure medium being fed into the device (1) through a connecting bracket (13) which is rotationally fixed to the driven unit (3) and coaxially surrounds the end portion of the camshaft (2) while comprising on its outer peripheral surface (16), a plurality of annular flanges (29, 30, 31) having sealing rings (20, 21, 22) arranged in annular grooves (17, 18, 19), which annular flanges (29, 30, 31) are sealingly surrounded by a reception bore (36) in a connecting structure (35), characterized in that the sealing rings (20, 21, 22) either comprise an elastic coa

Abstract: An aircraft with no separate elevators in the tail end of the fuselage and having wings arranged approximately in the middle portion of the fuselage, is improved by a single flap on the underside of the wings for extending down to a variable degree and being arranged at a point between 49 and 54% of the local chord depth as measured from the leading edge.

Abstract: In conjunction with the face mining of bituminous coal, previously excavated or some portions of the tunnel are collapsed in a manner to form a mass of debris into which a mixture of electrostatic filter ash and water is injected to stabilize the structure.

Abstract: A vehicle or craft is provided for propeller propulsion with start assist by a releasable rocket engine. The craft is launched from a silo of square-shaped cross-section containing the starter motor for the propeller, whose engine is started while the craft is still in the silo. Diagonally opposed corners of the silo are provided with rails, in which run guides on rudder fins of the craft. The wings are pivoted to the fuselage for deployment whereby the wing tips do not move forward. The rocket engine is jettisoned shortly after take-off by simple disengagement. Parts of the wings and/or the rear of the fuselage may be jettisoned shortly before the craft reaches the target area.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a stable, age-resisting mineral oil composition which comprises subjecting a paraffin base mineral crude oil to distillation to produce a distillate fraction boiling in the range of 270.degree. to 400.degree. C., solvent dewaxing said distillate fraction, solvent extracting said dewaxed distillate portion to produce a solvate fraction and an extract fraction, refining said solvate fraction, concentrating and refining said extract fraction and adding said refined, concentrated extract portion with said refined solvate fraction.

Abstract: An automatic packing line consisting of feeder conveyor belts arranged to bring products to be packed to a series of packing machines and of automatic feeder stations located along the said belts to distribute the said products selectively to the packing machines, is equipped with a recovery device installed after the last automatic feeder station to collect the products which have not been taken charge of by the said stations, a storage device for storing temporarily the products collected by the recovery device and an ejection device which evacuates the undistributed products when the storage device becomes saturated with such products.