Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and formulations comprising a polypeptide comprising solvent accessible amino acid residues susceptible to oxidation wherein N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan (NAT) and/or L-methionine is used to prevent oxidation of the polypeptide.

Abstract: Digital step attenuator (DSA) and digital phase shifter (DPS) multi-stage circuit architectures that provide for high resolution. Embodiments use a dithering approach to weight bit positions to provide a much finer resolution than the lowest-valued individual stage. Bit position weights for stages are determined so as to enable selection of combinations of n bit positions that provide a desired total attenuation or phase shift range while allowing utilization of the large number of states (2n) available to produce fractional intermediate steps of attenuation or phase shift. The fractional intermediate steps have a resolution finer than the lowest-valued stage. Bit position weights may be determined using a weighting function, including weightings determined from a linear series, a geometric series, a harmonic series, or alternating variants of such series. In some embodiments, at least one bit position has a fixed value that is not determined by the bit position weighting function.

Abstract: A circuit has at least one amplifier and a signal routing device such as one or more switches, and an array of antenna elements from which some subset must be enabled and processed at a time. The antenna elements can be grouped in accordance with an organization scheme (e.g., rows, columns) to enable more flexibility in selecting and routing the signals. The system is used to create one or more beams, which can be pointed (steered) to a wide range of directions by means of selecting one or more feed antennas in a switched-feed antenna without including full receive and transmit circuitry (DSP, frequency conversion) for each feed in the array. In this case, minimizing the number of DSP chains is desirable to reduce the cost, power, and complexity of the antenna. The resulting beam(s) can be combined and manipulated to support multiple users, track several targets, increase operational range, increase radar resolution, or data-rate in communications.

Abstract: A phase shifter for altering the phase of a radio frequency signal is disclosed herein. A Lange coupler is used having reflective ports that are coupled to artificial transmission lines. The artificial transmission lines provide a reflection transmission path, the length of which can be determined by digital control lines. Transistors placed along the length of the central trace provide independent paths to ground that serve to shorten the electrical length of the ATL. Accordingly, by selectively turning the transistors on/off, the electrical length of the ATL can be selected and thus the amount of phase delay introduced by the phase shifter.

Abstract: There is disclosed in an example a computing apparatus for assigning an entropy score to a document to be added to a corpus in a first temporal state having a first corpus entropy, having one or more logic elements, including at least one hardware logic element, providing a classification engine to: receive the document to be added to the corpus; add the document to the corpus, creating a second temporal state of the corpus; compute a second corpus entropy for the second temporal state, based at least in part on a morphism; and assign the document a gentropy score based at least in part on a difference between the first corpus entropy and the second corpus entropy.

Abstract: Applying an image effect within an image processing application. An image processing application receives a selection of an image effect to be applied to an image. The image includes image layers, each of which has a layer property and is created based on an application of a first effect. The application selects a template from a set of predefined templates. The selection is based on the image effect and the template. The template includes template layers. The application matches each of the image layers to a corresponding template layer having a template property corresponding to the layer property. The application determines from the matching that no conflicts exist between the image layers and the template. The application merges the image layers with the template layers and applies the image effect.

Abstract: A building automation system includes a plurality of subnets, an active broadcast management device configured on at least one of the subnets, a pool of virtual devices communicably connected to the active broadcast management device, each of the virtual devices in the pool of virtual devices configured to store a broadcast distribution table (BDT), one or more processors, and memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions. When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to transmit a health status message to each available virtual device in the pool of virtual devices, receive a health status response from each of the available virtual devices, and select, according to the health status responses, at least one of the virtual devices from among the available virtual devices as a backup virtual broadcast management device to the active broadcast management device.

Abstract: A method for identifying and managing incidents in a building management system (BMS) of a building. The method includes identifying at least one or more entities, one or more intents, or one or more keywords from a text segment; extracting one or more parameters from at least one of the identified one or more entities, the identified one or more intents, or the identified one or more keywords, the one or more parameters comprising a piece of building equipment of the building and a characteristic of the piece of building equipment; determining a satisfied incident of a plurality of incidents based on the extracted one or more parameters, the satisfied incident identifying an issue with the piece of building equipment and associated with a second entity; and transmitting an indication of the satisfied incident to a computing device of the second entity.

Abstract: A hybrid coupler-based T/R switch for use in a TDM system. An output hybrid coupler of a balanced amplifier is used to selectively switch a transmit or receive path to an antenna. During transmission, power at the output of the balanced amplifier is delivered directly to the antenna. During reception, power from the antenna is reflected through ports of the hybrid coupler connected to respective two amplifiers of the balanced amplifier, to constructively combine at a port of the coupler coupled to the receive path, with a ninety degrees phase shift. A pair of shunting switches coupled to the ports of the hybrid coupler connected to the two amplifiers, and a shunting switch coupled to the port coupled to the receive path, control operation of the hybrid coupler-based T/R switch.

Abstract: A phase shifter for altering the phase of a radio frequency signal is disclosed herein. A Lange coupler is used having reflective ports that are coupled to artificial transmission lines. The artificial transmission lines provide a reflection transmission path, the length of which can be determined by digital control lines. Transistors placed along the length of the central trace provide independent paths to ground that serve to shorten the electrical length of the ATL. Accordingly, by selectively turning the transistors on/off, the electrical length of the ATL can be selected and thus the amount of phase delay introduced by the phase shifter.

Abstract: A building automation system includes a plurality of subnets, an active broadcast management device configured on at least one of the subnets, a pool of virtual devices communicably connected to the active broadcast management device, each of the virtual devices in the pool of virtual devices configured to store a broadcast distribution table (BDT), one or more processors, and memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions. When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to transmit a health status message to each available virtual device in the pool of virtual devices, receive a health status response from each of the available virtual devices, and select, according to the health status responses, at least one of the virtual devices from among the available virtual devices as a backup virtual broadcast management device to the active broadcast management device.

Abstract: A low loss, wide band, phase shifter utilizing one or more transformers in presented. In one case, the phase shifter includes a reflective SPDT switch that is coupled to a transformer. In another case, the phase shifter includes a distributed SPDT switch that includes switchable conduction paths having series connected unit elements of a same phase shift. The transformer may be part of an existing circuit and may be reused to provide the functionality of the phase shifter by introducing the reflective or the distributed SPDT switch.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and formulations comprising a protein comprising solvent accessible amino acid residues susceptible to oxidation wherein N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT) is used to prevent oxidation of the protein. The invention also provides methods for making such formulations and methods of using such formulations. Methods to measure degradation of NAT in protein formulations are also provided.

Abstract: The de-Qing loss and phase imbalance caused by the inherent capacitance of a switched resistance, such as a MOSFET with a resistor, can be reduced by using a shunting switch across the resistor that is in series with the resistor's switch. The shunting switch shorts across the resistor when the resistor's switch is open and in reference mode, thereby significantly reducing the resistance in series with the inherent capacitance of the open resistor's switch.

Abstract: A building management system includes one or more processing circuits. The one or more processing circuits are configured to receive, from a physical building device of a building, environmental inputs and environmental outputs of the physical building device; generate a building device digital twin for the physical building device based on the received environmental inputs and the received environmental outputs; generate a predicted future performance of the physical building device based on the building device digital twin; and generate a recommendation based on the predicted future performance of the physical building device, the recommendation indicating one or more changes to implement on the physical building device. The building device digital twin is a model for predicting the behavior of the physical building device ore changes to implement on the physical building device.

Abstract: The de-Qing loss and phase imbalance caused by the inherent capacitance of a switched resistance, such as a MOSFET with a resistor, can be reduced by using a shunting switch across the resistor that is in series with the resistor's switch. The shunting switch shorts across the resistor when the resistor's switch is open and in reference mode, thereby significantly reducing the resistance in series with the inherent capacitance of the open resistor's switch.

Abstract: Digital step attenuator (DSA) and digital phase shifter (DPS) multi-stage circuit architectures that provide for high resolution. Embodiments use a dithering approach to weight bit positions to provide a much finer resolution than the lowest-valued individual stage. Bit position weights for stages are determined so as to enable selection of combinations of n bit positions that provide a desired total attenuation or phase shift range while allowing utilization of the large number of states (2n) available to produce fractional intermediate steps of attenuation or phase shift. The fractional intermediate steps have a resolution finer than the lowest-valued stage. Bit position weights may be determined using a weighting function, including weightings determined from a linear series, a geometric series, a harmonic series, or alternating variants of such series. In some embodiments, at least one bit position has a fixed value that is not determined by the bit position weighting function.

Abstract: Digital step attenuator (DSA) and digital phase shifter (DPS) multi-stage circuit architectures that provide for high resolution. Embodiments use a dithering approach to weight bit positions to provide a much finer resolution than the lowest-valued individual stage. Bit position weights for stages are determined so as to enable selection of combinations of n bit positions that provide a desired total attenuation or phase shift range while allowing utilization of the large number of states (2n) available to produce fractional intermediate steps of attenuation or phase shift. The fractional intermediate steps have a resolution finer than the lowest-valued stage. Bit position weights may be determined using a weighting function, including weightings determined from a linear series, a geometric series, a harmonic series, or alternating variants of such series. In some embodiments, at least one bit position has a fixed value that is not determined by the bit position weighting function.

Abstract: A hybrid coupler-based T/R switch for use in a TDM system. An output hybrid coupler of a balanced amplifier is used to selectively switch a transmit or receive path to an antenna. During transmission, power at the output of the balanced amplifier is delivered directly to the antenna. During reception, power from the antenna is reflected through ports of the hybrid coupler connected to respective two amplifiers of the balanced amplifier, to constructively combine at a port of the coupler coupled to the receive path, with a ninety degrees phase shift. A pair of shunting switches coupled to the ports of the hybrid coupler connected to the two amplifiers, and a shunting switch coupled to the port coupled to the receive path, control operation of the hybrid coupler-based T/R switch.

Abstract: A phase shifter for altering the phase of a radio frequency signal is disclosed herein. A Lange coupler is used having reflective ports that are coupled to artificial transmission lines. The artificial transmission lines provide a reflection transmission path, the length of which can be determined by digital control lines. Transistors placed along the length of the central trace provide independent paths to ground that serve to shorten the electrical length of the ATL. Accordingly, by selectively turning the transistors on/off, the electrical length of the ATL can be selected and thus the amount of phase delay introduced by the phase shifter.