Abstract: A glass article (and methods for forming the same) includes a glass body having first and second opposing primary surfaces and a thickness defined between the primary surfaces. The glass body includes a compressive stress region that includes: a surface stress of greater than about 900 MPa (compressive), a spike region having a first slope, and a tail region having a second slope. The spike region and the tail region can intersect at a knee region having a stress of greater than about 35 MPa (compressive), wherein the stress at the knee region is defined as the point where the asymptotic extrapolation of the spike region and the tail region intersect. The first slope of the spike region can be steeper than about ?30 MPa/?m.

Abstract: An article includes an optical transforming layer and a guide region positioned inside and adjacent to at least a portion of a perimeter of the optical transforming layer. The guide region comprises an inlet end positioned adjacent to a first surface of the optical transforming layer and an outlet end positioned adjacent a second surface of the optical transforming layer. The guide region propagates light from the inlet end to the outlet end such that the light is directed from the first surface to the second surface. The guide region includes a phase-separated glass comprising a continuous network phase and a discontinuous phase. A relative difference in index of refraction between the continuous network phase and the discontinuous phase is greater than or equal to 0.3%. The discontinuous phase comprises elongated shaped regions aligned along a common axis and having an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 10:1.

Abstract: A lithium containing glass article is provided. In aspects, the lithium containing glass article includes an intensity coupling profile including a plurality of coupling resonances. A first of the coupling resonances has a half-width half-maximum value that is at least 1.8 times greater than the half-width half-maximum value of a second of the coupling resonances. In aspects, the lithium containing glass article includes a smoothed intensity coupling profile including a plurality of coupling resonances. A second derivative of the smoothed intensity coupling profile at a first of the coupling resonances is at least 1.8 times greater than a second derivative of the smoothed coupling profile at a second of the coupling resonances.

Abstract: Glass-based articles are disclosed having a thickness in a range of from about 0.2 mm to about 4.0 mm, a first compressive stress layer extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a first depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, a second compressive stress layer extending from a second surface of the glass-based article to a second depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and a central region extending from the first depth of compression to the second depth of compression and having a maximum tensile stress in a range of from about 0.5 MPa to about 20 MPa. Electronic devices comprising the glass-based articles and methods of making glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses include: a) measuring a mode spectrum of the glass sample; b) using the mode spectrum, estimating a first contribution to the center tension associated with a spike region and estimating a second contribution to the center tension due to a deep region only, wherein the deep region is assumed to follow a power-law stress profile; and c) determining a total center tension by adding of the first and second contributions to the center tension. The methods can be used for quality control during manufacturing of glass samples by comparing the total center tension to a center tension specification that provides optimum strength and durability.

Abstract: A non-frangible glass article strengthened by a dual or two-step ion exchange (IOX) process, where the first IOX step leads to a depth of compressive layer FSM_DOL>0.1·t or, in some embodiments, FSM_DOL>0.15·t, where t is the thickness of the glass, is provided. The glass article has a compressive stress CS1 after the first IOX step at the surface of from 100 MPa to 400 MPa or, in some embodiments, from 150 MPa to 300 MPa. The first IOX step is followed by a second IOX step, leading to a “spike” compressive stress CS2 after the second IOX step at the surface of greater than 500 MPa or, in some embodiments, 700 MPa. The width of the spike generated by the second IOX is between 1 ?m and 30 ?m, or between 8 ?m and 15 ?m, using the criteria where the magnitude (absolute value) of the slope of the spike is higher than 20 MPa/?m.

Abstract: A method of reworking lithium containing ion exchanged glass articles is provided. The method includes a reverse ion exchange process that returns the glass article to approximately the composition of the glass from which the glass article was produced, before being subjected to ion exchange. The reworked glass articles exhibit a K2O concentration profile comprising a portion wherein a K2O concentration increases to a local K2O concentration maximum.

Abstract: The systems and methods include generating polarization-switched (PS) detector and reference signals using a polarization switch controlled by a digital control signal generated by digital input/output card. A gain adjustment is performed on the PS detector and reference signals to define gain-adjusted detector and reference signals. The digital control signal is used to synchronize the gain-adjusted PS detector and reference signals to define gain-adjusted synchronized PS detector and reference signals each having respective steady-state portions. The steady state portions are used to define a measurement signal. The measurement signal is then used to calculate a stress-based characteristic of the sample being measured. The sample can be moved continuously or discretely through different measurement positions, which are synchronized with the operation of the polarization switch using the digital control signal.

Abstract: A glass article (and methods for forming the same) includes a glass body having first and second opposing primary surfaces and a thickness defined between the primary surfaces. The glass body includes a compressive stress region that includes: a surface stress of greater than about 900 MPa (compressive), a spike region having a first slope, and a tail region having a second slope. The spike region and the tail region can intersect at a knee region having a stress of greater than about 35 MPa (compressive), wherein the stress at the knee region is defined as the point where the asymptotic extrapolation of the spike region and the tail region intersect. The first slope of the spike region can be steeper than about ?30 MPa/?m.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses include: a) measuring a mode spectrum of the glass sample; b) using the mode spectrum, estimating a first contribution to the center tension associated with a spike region and estimating a second contribution to the center tension due to a deep region only, wherein the deep region is assumed to follow a power-law stress profile; and c) determining a total center tension by adding of the first and second contributions to the center tension. The methods can be used for quality control during manufacturing of glass samples by comparing the total center tension to a center tension specification that provides optimum strength and durability.

Abstract: Glass-ceramic articles are manufactured by an ion exchange process that results in glass-based articles having improved stress profiles. A knee may be located at a depth of 3 microns or deeper. A compressive stress at a surface may be 200 MPa or more and at a knee may be 20 MPa or more. A non-sodium oxide may have a non-zero concentration that varies from the first surface to a depth and a depth of compression (DOC) may be located at 0.10·t, or even at 0.17·t or deeper. A two-step ion exchange (DIOX) includes, for example, a potassium bath in a first treatment to form a spike in a spike region of the stress profile, followed by a second treatment which includes, for example, a potassium and sodium mixed bath to maintain the spike and form a tail region of the stress profile. The glass-ceramic articles may thereby avoid developing a vitreous surface layer, which facilitates repeatable and reliable measurement of waveguide modes and determination of compressive stress in the surface (CS) and depth of the spike.

Abstract: Glass-based articles are manufactured by a unique ion exchange process that results in glass-based articles having improved stress profiles with higher stress values at moderate depths. A medium of the ion exchange process includes ions of two or more alkali metals of two or more alkali metal oxides in a base composition of a glass-based substrate in a ratio such that ions of each alkali metal are in chemical equilibrium with each of the respective alkali metals of the alkali metal oxides in the base glass composition.

Abstract: A non-frangible glass article strengthened by a dual or two-step ion exchange (IOX) process, where the first IOX step leads to a depth of compressive layer FSM_DOL>0.1·t or, in some embodiments, FSM_DOL>0.15·t, where t is the thickness of the glass, is provided. The glass article has a compressive stress CS1 after the first IOX step at the surface of from 100 MPa to 400 MPa or, in some embodiments, from 150 MPa to 300 MPa. The first IOX step is followed by a second IOX step, leading to a “spike” compressive stress CS2 after the second IOX step at the surface of greater than 500 MPa or, in some embodiments, 700 MPa. The width of the spike generated by the second IOX is between 1 ?m and 30 ?m, or between 8 ?m and 15 ?m, using the criteria where the magnitude (absolute value) of the slope of the spike is higher than 20 MPa/?m.

Abstract: Glasses having a thickness tin a range from about 0.1 mm to less than 0.4 mm which, when chemically strengthened, is non-frangible and has a physical center tension CT (also referred to herein as “physical CT”), wherein CT>|?1.956×10?16×t6+1.24274×10?12×t5?3.09196×10?9×t4+3.80391×10?6×t3?2.35207×10?3×t2+5.96241×10?1×t+36.5994|, where t is expressed in microns.

Abstract: Glass-based articles are manufactured by a unique ion exchange process that results in glass-based articles having improved stress profiles with higher stress values at moderate depths. A medium of the ion exchange process includes ions of two or more alkali metals of two or more alkali metal oxides in a base composition of a glass-based substrate in a ratio such that ions of each alkali metal are in chemical equilibrium with each of the respective alkali metals of the alkali metal oxides in the base glass composition.

Abstract: Glasses having a thickness t in a range from about 0.1 mm to less than 0.4 mm which, when chemically strengthened, is non-frangible and has a physical center tension CT (also referred to herein as “physical CT”), wherein CT>|?1.956×10?16×t6+1.24274×10?12×t5?3.09196×10?9×t4+3.80391×10?6×t3?2.35207×10?3×t2+5.96241×10?1×t+36.5994|, where t is expressed in microns.

Abstract: A glass exhibiting non-frangible behavior in a region where substantially higher central tension is possible without reaching frangibility is provided. This region allows greater extension of the depth of compression in which fracture-causing flaws are arrested, without rendering the glass frangible despite the presence of high central tension region in the sample.

Abstract: Frangible glass articles having a fracture behavior that resists ejection of glass particles upon fracture. In some embodiments, the frangible glass articles can have a first surface region with a first elastic compressive stress energy per unit area of glass (Welcomp1), a second surface region with a second elastic compressive stress energy per unit area of glass (Welcomp2), and a central region with an elastic tensile stress energy per unit area of glass (WT), where (Welcomp1+Welcomp2)?WT?25 J/m2. In some embodiments, the frangible glass articles can have a total load ratio (Wi/GD) less than 6.5 and a total elastic compressive stress energy per unit area of glass (WC) less than 60% of a total load (Wi), where: WC=Welcomp1+Welcomp2, Wi=WC+WT, GD=4G1C, and G 1 ? C = K 1 ? C 2 ? ( 1 - v 2 ) E . In some embodiments, the frangible glass articles can have a differential load ratio (Wd/GIC) less than 7 ? 2 ? e ( - 1 ? 2 ? d ? 1 t ) .

Abstract: A glass article (and methods for forming the same) includes a glass body having first and second opposing primary surfaces and a thickness defined between the primary surfaces. The glass body includes a compressive stress region that includes: a surface stress of greater than about 900 MPa (compressive), a spike region having a first slope, and a tail region having a second slope. The spike region and the tail region can intersect at a knee region having a stress of greater than about 35 MPa (compressive), wherein the stress at the knee region is defined as the point where the asymptotic extrapolation of the spike region and the tail region intersect. The first slope of the spike region can be steeper than about ?30 MPa/?m.

Abstract: A method of reworking lithium containing ion exchanged glass articles is provided. The method includes a reverse ion exchange process that returns the glass article to approximately the composition of the glass from which the glass article was produced, before being subjected to ion exchange. The reworked glass articles exhibit a K2O concentration profile comprising a portion wherein a K2O concentration increases to a local K2O concentration maximum.