Abstract: Glass-based articles are disclosed having a thickness in a range of from about 0.2 mm to about 4.0 mm, a first compressive stress layer extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a first depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, a second compressive stress layer extending from a second surface of the glass-based article to a second depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and a central region extending from the first depth of compression to the second depth of compression and having a maximum tensile stress in a range of from about 0.5 MPa to about 20 MPa. Electronic devices comprising the glass-based articles and methods of making glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-frangible glass article strengthened by a dual or two-step ion exchange (IOX) process, where the first IOX step leads to a depth of compressive layer FSM_DOL>0.1·t or, in some embodiments, FSM_DOL>0.15·t, where t is the thickness of the glass, is provided. The glass article has a compressive stress CS1 after the first IOX step at the surface of from 100 MPa to 400 MPa or, in some embodiments, from 150 MPa to 300 MPa. The first IOX step is followed by a second IOX step, leading to a “spike” compressive stress CS2 after the second IOX step at the surface of greater than 500 MPa or, in some embodiments, 700 MPa. The width of the spike generated by the second IOX is between 1 ?m and 30 ?m, or between 8 ?m and 15 ?m, using the criteria where the magnitude (absolute value) of the slope of the spike is higher than 20 MPa/?m.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Abstract: Glass-based articles having a thickness (t) comprise a glass-based core substrate and at least one cladding substrate directly bonded to the glass-based core substrate. A stress profile may comprise a depth of compression (DOC) where the glass-based article has a stress value of zero, the DOC being located at 0.15·t, 0.18·t, 0.21·t, or deeper. The articles may be formed from one or more cladding substrates formed from cladding sheets having a thickness of at least 0.15·t, 0.18·t, 0.21·t, or more. Consumer electronic products may comprise the glass-based articles. Upon lamination, the articles may optionally be further exposed to heat and/or chemical treatments for further strengthening.

Abstract: Methods of improving the measurement of knee stress in an ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glass sample that includes a knee are disclosed. One of the methods includes compensating for a shift in the location of the TIR-PR transition location associated with the critical angle location, wherein the shift is due to the presence of a leaky mode. Another method includes applying select criteria to the captured mode spectra image to ensure a high-quality image is used for the knee stress calculation. Another method combines direct and indirect measurements of the knee stress using the mode spectra from multiple samples to obtain greater accuracy and precision as compared to using either the direct measurement method or the indirect measurement method alone. Quality control methods of forming the glass samples using measured mode spectra and related techniques for ensuring an accurate measurement of the knee stress are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses include: a) measuring a mode spectrum of the glass sample; b) using the mode spectrum, estimating a first contribution to the center tension associated with a spike region and estimating a second contribution to the center tension due to a deep region only, wherein the deep region is assumed to follow a power-law stress profile; and c) determining a total center tension by adding of the first and second contributions to the center tension. The methods can be used for quality control during manufacturing of glass samples by comparing the total center tension to a center tension specification that provides optimum strength and durability.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring mode spectra for ion-exchanged glass substrates having a steep index region are disclosed. An interfacing fluid is provided between the coupling prism and the glass substrate. The interfacing fluid thickness is selected so that the variation in modal birefringence with fluid thickness is reduced to an acceptable level. The coupling prism can include a prism coating on the coupling surface so that the substrate-prism interface includes the prism coating. The coupling prism can also include stand-off members that serve to define the thickness of the interfacing fluid.

Abstract: A crystallized layer can be formed on a substrate from a precursor layer deposited on a surface of the substrate. The precursor layer can be an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, or an oxynitride. The process for forming the crystallized layer includes melting the precursor layer formed on the surface of the substrate by localized topical heating of the precursor layer and then cooling the melted precursor layer so that it crystallized to form a scratch resistant crystallized layer. The scratch resistant crystallized layer can have a hardness of 15 GPa or greater.

Abstract: Glass-based articles article are described and have a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) (mm); and a compressive stress (CS) layer containing ion-exchanged potassium and ion-exchanged silver or ion-exchanged potassium and ion-exchanged copper, the CS layer extending from the first surface to a depth of compress (DOC), wherein the DOC is in a range of 0.1·t and 0.3·t, the CS at the first surface in a range of 300 MPa and 1500 MPa and defining a compressive stress profile including a spike region, a tail region and a knee region between the spike region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the spike region comprise a tangent having a value that is in a range of ?15 MPa/micrometer and ?200 MPa/micrometer and all points in the tail region comprise a tangent having a value that is in a range of ?0.01 MPa/micrometer and ?3 MPa/micrometer.

Abstract: Highly porous synergistic combinations of silicon and carbon materials are provided, along with articles that incorporate such materials and processes for producing the materials. The compositions have novel properties and provide significant improvements in Coulombic efficiency, dilithiation capacity, and cycle life when used as anode materials in lithium battery cells including solid state batteries.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing ion-exchanged chemically strengthened glass containing lithium are disclosed. The methods allow for performing quality control of the stress profile in chemically strengthened Li-containing glasses having a surface stress spike produced in a potassium-containing salt, especially in a salt having both potassium and sodium. The method allows the measurement of the surface compression and the depth of the spike, and its contribution to the center tension, as well as the compression at the bottom of the spike, and the total center tension and calculation of the stress at the knee where the spike and the deep region of the stress profile intersect. The measurements are for a commercially important profile that is near-parabolic in shape in most of the interior of the substrate apart from the spike.

Abstract: Chemically strengthened glass articles exhibiting superior resistance to damage when dropped onto an abrasive surface. The strengthened glass article has a stress profile in which the compressive and tensile stresses within the article vary as a function of the thickness t of the glass article. The stress profile has a first region extending from the surface of the glass article to a depth d1 into the glass, wherein d1?0.025t or ?20 ?m and has a maximum compressive stress of at least about 280 MPa at the surface, a second region extending from a depth of at least d1 to a second depth d2 and having a local compressive stress maximum, and a third region extending from a third depth d3 in the glass to a depth of compression DOC, wherein d2?d3 and DOC?0.15t. A method of strengthening a glass article to provide resistance to damage when dropped is also provided.

Abstract: Glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t), and a stress profile are disclosed having a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less, and wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent with a slope that is less than about ?0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers. Also disclosed are glass-based articles having a thickness (t) in a range of 0.1 mm and 2 mm; and wherein at least one point of the stress profile in a first thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.020·t and greater than 0.98·t comprises a tangent with a slope of from about ?200 MPa/micrometer to about ?25 MPa/micrometer or about 25 MPa/micrometer to about 200 MPa/micrometer, and wherein all points of the stress profile in a second thickness range from about 0.035·t and less than 0.

Abstract: Highly porous synergistic combinations of silicon and carbon materials are provided, along with articles that incorporate such materials and processes for producing the materials. The compositions have novel properties and provide significant improvements in Coulombic efficiency, dilithiation capacity, and cycle life when used as anode materials in lithium battery cells including solid state batteries.

Abstract: A sol-gel method for forming durable, scratch-resistant coatings on glass substrates. Zirconia coatings, for example, are formed from a solution of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in an organic, polar, aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. Annealed coatings, which optionally include an additive such as graphene, have a low coefficient of friction and can exhibit high hardness and hydrophobicity.

Abstract: Glasses having a thickness tin a range from about 0.1 mm to less than 0.4 mm which, when chemically strengthened, is non-frangible and has a physical center tension CT (also referred to herein as “physical CT”), wherein CT>|?1.956×10?16×t6+1.24274×10?12×t5?3.09196×10?9×t4+3.80391×10?6×t3?2.35207×10?3×t2+5.96241×10?1×t+36.5994|, where t is expressed in microns.

Abstract: A strengthened glass having a stress profile that differs from error-function and parabolic profiles. Stress relaxation and thermal annealing/diffusion effects, which occur at longer ion exchange and/or anneal times increase the depth of compression of the surface layer. A method of achieving these effects is also provided.

Abstract: A sol-gel method for forming durable, scratch-resistant coatings on glass substrates. Zirconia coatings, for example, are formed from a solution of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in an organic, polar, aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. Annealed coatings, which optionally include an additive such as graphene, have a low coefficient of friction and can exhibit high hardness and hydrophobicity.

Abstract: Chemically strengthened glass articles having at least one deep compressive layer extending from a surface of the article to a depth of layer DOL of about 130 ?m up to about 175 ?m or, alternatively, to a depth of compression (DOC) in a range from about 90 ?m to about 120 ?m within the article. The compressive layer has a stress profile that includes a first substantially linear portion extending from a relatively shallow depth to the DOL or DOC and a second portion extending from the surface to the shallow depth. The second portion is substantially linear at a depth from 0 ?m to 5 ?m and has a steeper slope than that of the first portion of the profile. Methods of achieving such stress profiles are also described.