Abstract: Device for contactless temperature measurement of an object with an optical system which images into the finite and a detector, wherein an image of the detector is imaged by the optical system along an optical axis onto a measurement spot on the object in such a way that the image of the detector reduces from the optical system to a sharp point measurement spot and then enlarges, and also with a sighting arrangement which identifies the outer limit of the measurement spot by means of visible sighting rays. Each sighting ray is aligned obliquely with respect to the optical axis in such a way that each sighting ray can be used both before and also after the sharp point measurement spot to identify the measurement spot.

Abstract: Twin wire former and method for manufacturing a fibrous material web from a fibrous suspension using same. The twin wire former comprises a movable bottom wire belt and a movable top wire belt converging at a twin wire zone. The twin wire zone has a first section, a second section and an end section. A rotating forming roller is disposed at the first section of the twin wire zone, and the to wire and the bottom wire form a wedge-shaped inlet gap at the first section of the twin wire zone. The inlet gap is adapted to receive the fibrous suspension from a headbox. The bottom wire belt and the top wire belt are adapted to form the fibrous web therebetween at the second section of the twin wire zone, and the second section of the twin wire zone has at least one drainage element. A separating device is disposed at the end of the twin wire zone and is adapted to separate one wire belt from another the wire belt.

Abstract: A device for temperature measurement uses an optical system to image the heat radiation emanating from a measurement spot on an object of measurement onto a detector. A sighting arrangement is also provided which has a diffractive optical system by which a light intensity distribution is produced which corresponds to the position and size of the measurement spot on the object of measurement.

Abstract: A wet section (10) of a paper or cardboard machine and a process for the manufacture of a fibrous material web are suggested. The wet section (10) exhibits a double-screen segment (US), in which two screens (16, 18) are guided about parallel to one another and into which a fibrous material suspension (27) is introduced. The double-screen segment (US) is looped around a roll (22). The means (30, 32, 38) for the immobilization of the fibrous material suspension in the double-screen segment (US) are provided on the roll (22), for the formation of the fibrous material web. Moreover, the wet section exhibits means (32, 34, 36; 34, 36, 66) for further draining of the fibrous material web.

Abstract: Device for contactless temperature measurement of an object with an optical system which images into the finite and a detector, wherein an image of the detector is imaged by the optical system along an optical axis onto a measurement spot on the object in such a way that the image of the detector reduces from the optical system to a sharp point measurement spot and then enlarges, and also with a sighting arrangement which identifies the outer limit of the measurement spot by means of visible sighting rays. Each sighting ray is aligned obliquely with respect to the optical axis in such a way that each sighting ray can be used both before and also after the sharp point measurement spot to identify the measurement spot.

Abstract: Process and device for acting on one of a still-wet and moist material web with one of a fluid and pasty coating medium in the manufacturing process. The process includes producing the material web in a wet section of a web producing machine, applying, in at least one coating point, a coating medium to at least one surface of the material web while the material web is in the wet section, and applying at least one of steam and water in the region of the at least one coating point. The device includes at least one endless, water-permeable belt, at least one coating device being adapted for one of direct and indirect application of a fluid or pasty coating medium onto at least one side of a still-wet material web, and at least one applicator device, positioned in a region in which the coating medium contacts at least one of the material web and at least one belt, being adapted to condition the at least one of the material web and the at least one belt with at least one of steam and water.

Abstract: There is provided an endless belt for use in the production of a web of fibrous material. The belt has first and second sides. The first side is substantially open and the second side is substantially closed. The belt has a water storage capacity of at least 5 l/m2. The belt also has a mean flexural rigidity for a circumferential direction and direction cross-wise of the belt, based on a width of 1 meter each, each of which is no greater than approximately 10 Nm2.

Abstract: A cycle of operation of an attaching apparatus begins with determining whether an operator's extremity is in an area in which it can be struck by a downwardly moving ram during attachment of two fasteners to each other and to a material therebetween. If it is determined that the operator's extremity is not in the area in which it can be struck by the downwardly moving ram, the remainder of the cycle of operation is completed. If it is determined that the operator's extremity is in the area in which it can be struck by the downwardly moving ram, the cycle of operation must begin again.

Abstract: A headbox of a paper or board machine having an inlet, a distributor for feeding stock suspension to be distributed over the machine width into the inlet. A turbulence generator downstream of the distributor has a hydraulic diameter of less than 17 mm in the downstream end region. The hydraulic diameter is the diameter of individual channels through the turbulence generator. The turbulence generator has channels or plates that define several channels, each in accordance with the desired hydraulic diameter. Dimensions of the hydraulic diameter are disclosed. The turbulence generator has lands at the downstream end. The land area ratio is disclosed. A nozzle or the like downstream of the turbulence generator introduces the stock suspension over the machine width to a wire or wires of the next section.

Abstract: The invention concerns the wire section of a papermaking machine and a method of removing water from a fiber web in that section. A fiber suspension is discharged from a headbox on at least one and usually between two wires in the forming section. The fiber suspension is dewatered until it eventually reaches the point of immobility at which the fiber orientation is fixed. The rate of removal of water transverse to the direction of travel of the web is controlled at regions across the web. In particular, the rate of water removal is decreased at the edge regions of the wire and the web, as compared with the center region, to improve the transverse formation profile of the web.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining the energy balance of a living subject on the basis of the energy use and on the basis of nutrition intake, the energy balance is calculated on the basis of a determined energy use of the subject and on the basis of an input of the nutrition intake of the subject via an input unit. This calculation takes place in a calculating unit supplied with a signal corresponding to the energy use, using a value of the calorific value of the food that can be obtained from a memory. A signal corresponding to this energy balance can be generated on a display unit.

Abstract: A fastener apparatus, which attaches a first article to a second article at a setting station, includes a plate-like support, a feed in finger for receiving and engaging a first article at a first predetermined position, and a lever pivotally mounted on the support and pivotally connected to the feed in finger. A spring continuously urges the lever to pivot to move the feed in finger along a substantially horizontal predetermined path from the first predetermined position to a second predetermined position at the setting station. A cam surface of a cam element, which is vertically movable in response to vertical movement of a ram housing, acts on a roller on the lever for rendering the spring ineffective and for moving the feed in finger from the second predetermined position to the first predetermined position.

Abstract: A nozzle of a multilayer headbox wherein the headbox includes a nozzle for distributing the stock suspension on a wire. The nozzle is subdivided by at least one machine-wide fin, the fin forming with the nozzle at least two machine-wide nozzle ducts. At least the mean value of the clearance of at least one nozzle duct diminishes steadily in the flow direction, the percentage decrease of the clearance in the fluidically essential area of the nozzle being at least twice as large as in the starting area of the nozzle.

Abstract: Two mating fastener elements are attached to material and each other at a setting station through an electric motor. The motor rotates a cam having its profile cooperate with a cam follower on an upper pivotally mounted arm to move a ram, which supports one of the fastener elements, towards a support, which supports the other of the fastener elements. The support is moved by a lower pivotally mounted arm attached to the cam by a crank arm so that it has a harmonic motion. The ram is stopped and held in its stopped position before a controlled setting force is applied through the support to move the other fastener element into engagement with the one fastener element.

Abstract: An IR temperature sensor comprises a sealed housing containing an inert gas atmosphere and enclosing a detector for conversion of heat radiation into an electrical signal, an optical system which images the heat radiation emanating from an object onto the detector, a heat-conducting temperature equalization element which maintains the detector and the optical system at a common temperature, and a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of the temperature equalization element. The sealed housing protects the sensor from the external environment and maintains uniform temperature between the optical system and the sensor.

Abstract: A wire part of a machine for the production of continuous fibrous material webs, especially a papermaking machine, includes two continuous wire belts which together form a twin-wire zone. At least one supporting element having a supporting surface is disposed in the region of the twin-wire zone. At least a part of the supporting surface provides a supporting region which supports a first wire belt on its inner surface and a second wire belt on its outer surface. At least one formation box is provided and is disposed in the supporting region. The formation box is designed in such a way that, in the region of the inner surface of the second wire belt in the formation box, pressure values can be adjusted from a reduced pressure to an excess pressure acting on the inner surface of the second wire belt. The formation box extends in the direction of movement of the wire part over at least a part of the supporting region.

Abstract: A pyrometer for measuring the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object comprises a first detector to which the radiation is delivered through an optical system as well as a second detector to which the radiation emanating from a reference element is delivered through the same optical system. The temperature of the reference element is monitored and a rotary optical modulator periodically enables and disables the delivery of radiation to the detectors. The output signals from the two detectors are processed to determine the difference therebetween. The sensed temperature of the reference element is taken into account as a part of determining the difference between the two detector output signals. In this way it is possible for the characteristic radiation of the optical system largely to be suppressed. The optical modulator comprises a semi-circular disk having a polyethylene terephthalate substrate coated on each side with metal. The disk is rotated through 180.degree.

Abstract: A rotary hopper includes a door, which is pivotally mounted on the main mounting plate for pivoting about a vertical axis, having a transparent element to enable viewing of the interior of the rotary hopper. The pivotally mounted door enables easy access to the interior of the hopper. On the opposite side of the main mounting plate from the door, a shaft is supported for rotatably supporting a cone having a gauging ring with gauging grooves mounted thereon. A recess in the cone, the interior of the gauging ring, and the interior of the transparent element on the door form a reservoir in the rotary hopper for the fastener elements. On the side of the main mounting plate having the door, the main mounting plate has a vertical groove to receive the fastener element in each of the gauging grooves when each of the gauging grooves is aligned therewith during rotation of the gauging ring. The vertical groove communicates with a setting station of an attaching apparatus.

Abstract: A nozzle of a multilayer headbox wherein the headbox includes a nozzle for distributing the stock suspension on a wire. The nozzle is subdivided by at least one machine-wide fin, the fin forming with the nozzle at least two machine-wide nozzle ducts. At least the mean value of the clearance of at least one nozzle duct diminishes steadily in the flow direction, the percentage decrease of the clearance in the fluidically essential area of the nozzle being at least twice as large as in the starting area of the nozzle. The fin has downstream end area of decreasing thickness immediately preceded by an area of increasing thickness.

Abstract: A rotary hopper includes a door, which is pivotally mounted on the main mounting plate for pivoting about a vertical axis, having a transparent element to enable viewing of the interior of the rotary hopper. The pivotally mounted door enables easy access to the interior of the hopper. On the opposite side of the main mounting plate from the door, a shaft is supported for rotatably supporting a cone having a gauging ring with gauging grooves mounted thereon. A recess in the cone, the interior of the gauging ring, and the interior of the transparent element on the door form a reservoir in the rotary hopper for the fastener elements. On the side of the main mounting plate having the door, the main mounting plate has a vertical groove to receive the fastener element in each of the gauging grooves when each of the gauging grooves is aligned therewith during rotation of the gauging ring. The vertical groove communicates with a setting station of an attaching apparatus.