Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for treating or preventing carbon monoxide poisoning. In particular, systems and methods are provided for a phototherapy treatment or prevention system that delivers light radiation to a patient's body to photodissociate carbon monoxide from hemoglobin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and delivering nitric oxide are provided. In one aspect, a nitric oxide generator includes an inlet arranged to receive a gas including nitrogen and oxygen, an outlet, a pair of electrodes arranged downstream of the inlet and configured to generate nitric oxide from the gas, a pressure regulator configured to selectively adjust a pressure of the gas surrounding the electrodes, an accumulator in communication with the pressure regulator, a nitric oxide sensor arranged to measure a concentration of nitric oxide at the outlet, and a controller in communication with the pair of electrodes, the pressure regulator, and the nitric oxide sensor. The controller is configured to selectively instruct the pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of the gas surrounding the electrodes in response to the concentration of nitric oxide measured at the outlet by the nitric oxide sensor.

Abstract: Methods for the treatment of disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including rare, inborn errors of metabolism caused by genetic mutations; neurodegenerative disease; diabetes; and aging and age-associated decline. Generally, the methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more treatments that (i) induce hemoglobin “left-shifting” and/or (ii) induce anemia, as described herein, to a subject who is in need of, or who has been determined to be in need of, such treatment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for treating or preventing carbon monoxide poisoning. In particular, systems and methods are provided for a phototherapy treatment or prevention system that delivers light radiation to a patient's body to photodissociate carbon monoxide from hemoglobin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing carbon monoxide from whole blood are provided. In one configuration, an extracorporeal phototherapy system includes an oxygenator and a light source configured to output light and arranged to emit the light output by the light source onto at least one surface of the oxygenator. The oxygenator includes a plurality of membrane layers each having a plurality of microporous hollow fiber membranes. The plurality of microporous hollow fiber membranes each include an external surface and an internal channel. Each of the plurality of membrane layers may be rotationally offset with respect to an adjacent layer. The oxygenator further includes a gas inlet port in fluid communication with a first end of the internal channels, a gas outlet port in fluid communication a second end of the internal channels, a blood inlet port, and a blood outlet port.

Abstract: Methods of promoting hypoxia or the hypoxia response for the treatment or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are described. Methods for screening for targets of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for treating or preventing carbon monoxide poisoning. In particular, systems and methods are provided for a phototherapy treatment or prevention system that delivers light radiation to a patient's body to photodissociate carbon monoxide from hemoglobin.

Abstract: Methods of promoting hypoxia or the hypoxia response for the treatment or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are described. Methods for screening for targets of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are also described.

Abstract: In some additional aspects, an apparatus for generating nitric oxide (NO) can include one or more pairs of electrodes configured to initiate a series of electric arcs to synthesize a reactant gas into a product gas comprising NO, a sensor configured to measure a flow of a gas in a respiratory system into which the product gas is provided, a controller in communication with the one or more pairs of electrodes and the sensor. The controller is configured to adjust at least one of a pulse width, pulse period, pulse count per pulse group, pulse groups per second, energy generated by the one or more pairs of electrodes, arc frequency, arc current, and a voltage supplied to the one or more pairs of electrodes based on the measured flow to control a concentration of nitric oxide in the product gas.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus including a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: In some additional aspects, an apparatus can include a chamber having an inlet valve for receiving a reactant gas and an outlet valve for delivering a product gas, a piston positioned inside the chamber and configured to move along a length of the chamber for adjusting pressure in the chamber, a sensor for collecting information related to one or more conditions of a respiratory system associated with a patient, a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the collected information, and one or more pairs of electrodes positioned inside the chamber for initiating a series of electric arcs external to the patient to generate nitric oxide based on the determined control parameters.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of Formula I: (Formula I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are allosteric effectors that increase the oxygen-being affinity of hemoglobin, which are useful in the treatment of sickle cell disease, high altitude tissue hypoxia, and other conditions.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus including a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus in-eluding a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus in eluding a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus including a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: In some additional aspects, an apparatus can include a chamber having an inlet valve for receiving a reactant gas and an outlet valve for delivering a product gas, a piston positioned inside the chamber and configured to move along a length of the chamber for adjusting pressure in the chamber, a sensor for collecting information related to one or more conditions of a respiratory system associated with a patient, a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the collected information, and one or more pairs of electrodes positioned inside the chamber for initiating a series of electric arcs external to the patient to generate nitric oxide based on the determined control parameters.

Abstract: A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus in eluding a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller.

Abstract: Methods of promoting hypoxia or the hypoxia response for the treatment or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are described. Methods for screening for targets of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are also described.

Abstract: In some additional aspects, an apparatus can include a chamber having an inlet valve for receiving a reactant gas and an outlet valve for delivering a product gas, a piston positioned inside the chamber and configured to move along a length of the chamber for adjusting pressure in the chamber, a sensor for collecting information related to one or more conditions of a respiratory system associated with a patient, a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the collected information, and one or more pairs of electrodes positioned inside the chamber for initiating a series of electric arcs external to the patient to generate nitric oxide based on the determined control parameters.