Abstract: In a method and apparatus for evaporation depositing uniform thin films, a film is deposited on a substrate of a vacuum environment while maintaining a constant deposition rate. A cover is installed on a wall of the evaporation vessel. When the evaporation material is heated to an evaporation state and the interior of the evaporation vessel reaches a first vapor saturation pressure, the vapor of the evaporation material flows towards a pressure stabilizing chamber. When the pressure stabilizing chamber reaches a second vapor saturation pressure which is smaller than the first vapor saturation pressure, the vacuum environment has a vacuum background pressure which is smaller than the second vapor saturation pressure, so that the evaporation material vapor flows from the pressure stabilizing chamber towards the vacuum environment at constant rate due to the pressure difference, so as to evaporate the substrate.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory controller and a non-volatile memory communicatively coupled to the memory controller and storing a mapping table and a journal table. The memory controller is configured to write data and a logical address of the data into the non-volatile memory, load mapping information related to the logical address of the data from the mapping table of the non-volatile memory into a mapping cache of the memory controller, update the mapping cache with an updated mapping relationship between the logical address of the data and a physical address of the data, and perform a journaling operation to write the updated mapping relationship into the journal table.

Abstract: A read leveling method for a memory device is provided. The memory device includes a first memory block and at least a second memory block. The read leveling method includes the following steps. Determining whether a block read count of the first memory block is larger than or equal to a first threshold. Detecting a page read count of a page of the first memory block when the block read count of the first memory block is larger than or equal to the first threshold. Determine whether the block read count of the first memory block is larger than or equal to a second threshold. Move data of one of the page of the first memory block to a page of the second memory block when the block read count of the first memory block is larger than or equal to the second threshold.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for evaporation depositing uniform thin films, a film is deposited on a substrate of a vacuum environment while maintaining a constant deposition rate. A cover is installed on a wall of the evaporation vessel. When the evaporation material is heated to an evaporation state and the interior of the evaporation vessel reaches a first vapor saturation pressure, the vapor of the evaporation material flows towards a pressure stabilizing chamber. When the pressure stabilizing chamber reaches a second vapor saturation pressure which is smaller than the first vapor saturation pressure, the vacuum environment has a vacuum background pressure which is smaller than the second vapor saturation pressure, so that the evaporation material vapor flows from the pressure stabilizing chamber towards the vacuum environment at constant rate due to the pressure difference, so as to evaporate the substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of first miniature elements of an overlay mark is formed in a first layer. A plurality of second miniature elements of the overlay mark is formed in a second layer different from the first layer. A plurality of dummy features is formed around the overlay mark. The dummy features are formed such that they each have a dimension below a resolution of an alignment detection tool configured to optically scan the overlay mark in an alignment process.

Abstract: A linear evaporation apparatus includes a thermal insulation chamber, and crucibles, evaporation material heaters and a mixing chamber installed in the thermal insulation chamber. The mixing chamber includes a flow limiting and adjusting layer, a flow channel adjusting member, a mixed layer and a linear evaporation layer. The flow limiting and adjusting layer is a rectangular sheet with flow limit holes corresponsive to the crucibles respectively; the flow channel adjusting member is an interconnected structure having at least one flow inlet corresponsive to some of the flow limit holes and at least one flow outlet, and the mixed layer is a substantially I-shaped sheet structure, and the linear evaporation layer is a rectangular sheet having a linear source evaporation opening tapered from both ends to the middle, so as to improve the uniformity of the thin film and the utilization of the evaporation materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for alignment are disclosed. An exemplary apparatus includes an overlay mark formed on a substrate; and a plurality of dummy features formed nearby the overlay mark. The dummy features have dimensions below a minimum resolution of an alignment detection tool. A minimum distance separating the overlay mark from its closest dummy feature is correlated to a semiconductor fabrication technology generation under which the overlay mark is formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes dispensing a liquid on a wafer. The method includes raising the wafer. The method includes lowering the wafer after the raising. The wafer is spun as it is lowered, thereby removing at least a portion of the liquid from the wafer. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for fabricating a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a wafer chuck that is operable to hold a semiconductor wafer and secure the wafer thereto. The wafer has a front surface and a back surface. The apparatus includes a dispenser that is operable to dispense a liquid to the front surface of the wafer. The apparatus includes a mechanical structure that is operable to: spin the wafer chuck in a horizontal direction; and move the wafer chuck downwards in a vertical direction while the wafer chuck is being rotated.

Abstract: A foldable treadmill includes a base for running or walking, a frame set pivotally connected with the base, and a folding mechanism for folding the frame set. The folding mechanism has a control assembly comprising a knob and a first bolt controlled by the knob. When a part of the first bolt is arranged inside the frame set, the frame set cannot be folded, and when the first bolt is moved out of the frame set, the frame set can be folded to a storage configuration.

Abstract: A foldable treadmill includes a base for running or walking, a frame set pivotally connected with the base, and a folding mechanism for folding the frame set. The folding mechanism has a control assembly comprising a knob and a first bolt controlled by the knob. When a part of the first bolt is arranged inside the frame set, the frame set cannot be folded, and when the first bolt is moved out of the frame set, the frame set can be folded to a storage configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for alignment are disclosed. An exemplary apparatus includes an overlay mark formed on a substrate; and a plurality of dummy features formed nearby the overlay mark. The dummy features have dimensions below a minimum resolution of an alignment detection tool. A minimum distance separating the overlay mark from its closest dummy feature is correlated to a semiconductor fabrication technology generation under which the overlay mark is formed.

Abstract: In a method for updating firmware of a battery included in a rechargeable battery module of a portable electronic device, the portable electronic device stores a booting instruction set of the firmware in a battery monitoring unit of the rechargeable battery module, and stores a basic input/output system (BIOS) of the portable electronic device in a non-volatile memory disposed externally of the rechargeable battery module. In response to BIOS update information that includes an updated main instruction set of the firmware, the portable electronic device updates the BIOS, including the main instruction set of the firmware using the BIOS update information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes dispensing a liquid on a wafer. The method includes raising the wafer. The method includes lowering the wafer after the raising. The wafer is spun as it is lowered, thereby removing at least a portion of the liquid from the wafer. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for fabricating a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a wafer chuck that is operable to hold a semiconductor wafer and secure the wafer thereto. The wafer has a front surface and a back surface. The apparatus includes a dispenser that is operable to dispense a liquid to the front surface of the wafer. The apparatus includes a mechanical structure that is operable to: spin the wafer chuck in a horizontal direction; and move the wafer chuck downwards in a vertical direction while the wafer chuck is being rotated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes dispensing a liquid on a wafer. The method includes raising the wafer. The method includes lowering the wafer after the raising. The wafer is spun as it is lowered, thereby removing at least a portion of the liquid from the wafer. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for fabricating a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a wafer chuck that is operable to hold a semiconductor wafer and secure the wafer thereto. The wafer has a front surface and a back surface. The apparatus includes a dispenser that is operable to dispense a liquid to the front surface of the wafer. The apparatus includes a mechanical structure that is operable to: spin the wafer chuck in a horizontal direction; and move the wafer chuck downwards in a vertical direction while the wafer chuck is being rotated.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a channel estimation method for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system with cyclic-delay diversity. The method makes pilots have the same amplitude and equally partitions the pilots into a number of pilot groups. In addition, the method equally spaces the pilots of each group in a frequency domain and determines the pilot locations and cyclic-delay coefficient of each pilot group in order to optimize the channel estimation of a receiver. The method can perform the channel estimation by using just one OFDM symbol.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a channel estimation method for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system with cyclic-delay diversity. The method makes pilots have the same amplitude and equally partitions the pilots into a number of pilot groups. In addition, the method equally spaces the pilots of each group in a frequency domain and determines the pilot locations and cyclic-delay coefficient of each pilot group in order to optimize the channel estimation of a receiver. The method can perform the channel estimation by using just one OFDM symbol.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes dispensing a liquid on a wafer. The method includes raising the wafer. The method includes lowering the wafer after the raising. The wafer is spun as it is lowered, thereby removing at least a portion of the liquid from the wafer. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for fabricating a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a wafer chuck that is operable to hold a semiconductor wafer and secure the wafer thereto. The wafer has a front surface and a back surface. The apparatus includes a dispenser that is operable to dispense a liquid to the front surface of the wafer. The apparatus includes a mechanical structure that is operable to: spin the wafer chuck in a horizontal direction; and move the wafer chuck downwards in a vertical direction while the wafer chuck is being rotated.

Abstract: Network access methods and base stations and wireless communication devices using the same methods are proposed. The proposed method relies on random access parameters assignment through pre-configured information and non-uniform distribution of access timings corresponding to pre-assigned priority group.

Abstract: Network access methods for M2M device, M2M devices and base stations using the same methods are proposed. The proposed method allows M2M devices to perform random access process in the synchronous random access channel when the RTD information to the preferred base station is available. In another embodiment, the base station determines mobility type of a M2M device, determines a dedicated random access channel allocation for the M2M device according to the mobility type of the M2M device, and sends a paging message indicating the dedicated random access channel allocation.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel functional nanoparticle-based antibiotics and preparation method thereof, especially related to an antibiotics-modified nanoparticle. The functional nanoparticle-based antibiotics according to the present invention can be used as the affinity probes and the photothermal agents to effectively inhibit the cell growth of pathogenic bacteria under NIR irradiation.