Abstract: Systems and methods to transmit audio-video signals over an optical communication channel are described. One aspect includes receiving a plurality of audio-video electrical signals at an optical transmitter. The optical transmitter may also receive a plurality of out-of-band electrical signals. The optical transmitter may collectively modulate the audio-video electrical signals to generate a composite electrical signal. In one aspect, the optical transmitter bias current-modulates a bias current level of the composite electrical signal using the electrical out-of-band signals, and generates a modulated electrical signal based on the bias current-modulating. The optical transmitter may convert the modulated electrical signal into a modulated optical signal using a laser diode, and transmit the modulated optical signal to an optical receiver over an optical communication channel.

Abstract: Logic to determine a first set of packets for transmission to a second STA in an aggregated medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (A-MPDU). Logic to identify a retransmission scheme to determine a first number of packets to transmit based on the first set of packets. Logic to generate network coded packets for transmission in the A-MPDU, wherein the network coded packets comprise encoded combinations of the first set of packets. Logic to generate the A-MPDU for transmission to the second STA with the first number of packets. Logic to cause transmission of the A-MPDU. And logic to receive a block acknowledgement (BlockAck) comprising a feedback value, wherein the feedback value is a number of additional network coded packets requested by the second STA to decode the first set of packets or a number of packets received by the second STA.

Abstract: An electronic device including a plurality of light-emitting units, a driving circuit, and a controlling circuit is provided. The driving circuit is configured to drive at least one of the light-emitting units. The controlling circuit is configured to control the driving circuit. The plurality of light-emitting units, the driving circuit, and the controlling circuit are respectively disposed on different substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by gas-phase hydrodechlorination, which solves the problem of the high costs and easy deactivation of traditional chlorofluorocarbon hydrodechlorination catalysts. The disclosed catalyst is characterized in consisting of an active component and a carrier, wherein the active component is a combination of one or more of the metals: Ni, Mo, W, Co, Cr, Cu, Ce, La, Mn and Fe. The catalyst in the present invention has excellent performance, high activity, good stability and a low reaction temperature, effectively reduces reaction energy consumption, and has industrial application value.

Abstract: A microbead used in biological detection is provided. The microbead includes a first coating layer, a magnetic layer, and a second coating layer. The first coating layer includes a first top surface and a first side surface connecting the first top surface. The magnetic layer is formed on the first top surface, and the magnetic layer includes a second top surface away from the first top surface and a second side surface connecting the second top surface. The second coating layer includes a top wall and a periphery. The top wall is connected to the second top surface, and the periphery is connected to the top wall, the second side surface, and the first side surface, so the first coating layer and the second coating layer coat the magnetic layer inside the microbead. A preparation method of the microbead is also provided. The utilization rate of the microbead is improved.

Abstract: Generally, the present disclosure provides example embodiments relating to conductive features, such as metal contacts, vias, lines, etc., and methods for forming those conductive features. In an embodiment, a barrier layer is formed along a sidewall. A portion of the barrier layer along the sidewall is etched back. After etching back the portion of the barrier layer, an upper portion of the barrier layer along the sidewall is smoothed. A conductive material is formed along the barrier layer and over the smoothed upper portion of the barrier layer.

Abstract: Optical fiber interconnection systems and methods are described. One aspect includes receiving a pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM4) electrical signal at a transmitter for transmission to a receiver. The PAM4 electrical signal is decoded into a pair of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) electrical signals. The pair of NRZ electrical signals is converted into a corresponding pair of NRZ optical signals including a first NRZ optical signal and a second NRZ optical signal. The first NRZ optical signal is transmitted to a receiver over an communication channel. The second NRZ optical signal is transmitted to the receiver over the optical communication channel.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed and includes a substrate, a circuit layer, and a plurality of diodes. The substrate has a plurality of structures. The circuit layer is disposed on the substrate. The diodes are disposed on the circuit layer, wherein a first spacing is defined as a distance between a center point of a first one of the structures and a center point of a second one of the structures, a second spacing is defined as a distance between a center point of a third one of the structures and a center point of a fourth one of the structures, and an absolute value of a difference between the first spacing and the second spacing is less than 0.5 times radius of curvature of the electronic device when the electronic device is bent.

Abstract: The optical system includes a projector, a deflector, a polarizer, a first grating coupler structure, and a second grating coupler structure. The projector emits three beams having different wavelengths. The deflector is disposed below the projector and is configured to change incident angles of the three beams and to focus the three beams at the same region of the first grating coupler structure. The first grating coupler structure is below the deflector and is configured to couple the three beams into a light-guide lens such that the three beams travel the same optical path within the light-guide lens. The light-guide lens is connected to the first grating coupler structure and is configured to transmit the three beams. The polarizer is disposed between the projector and the deflector and is configured to filter out transverse electric (TE) modes or transverse magnetic (TM) modes of the three beams.

Abstract: Voltage converter systems and methods are described. One aspect includes extracting energy from one or more data lines. A feedback voltage is derived from the extracted energy. Responsive to the value of the feedback voltage being less than a reference voltage value, a waveform modulation controller is switched to a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) mode. Subsequent to switching the waveform modulation controller to the PFM mode, additional energy is extracted from the one or more digital data lines. Another feedback voltage is derived from the additional extracted energy. Responsive to the value of other feedback voltage being greater than the reference voltage value, the waveform modulation controller is further switched from the PFM mode to a pulse-skipping modulation (PSM) mode.

Abstract: A central node of the system is connected to a working node through a network device. The central node generates a plurality of tasks based on a query request input by a user. When allocating execution devices to the plurality of tasks, the central node configures execution devices of some tasks as the network device, configures execution devices of some tasks as the working node, and then sends configuration instructions to the configured network device and working node, to set, on the network device and the working node, tasks configured for the network device and working node. After configuration is completed, the network device executes the set tasks on the data that passes through the network device.

Abstract: Generally, the present disclosure provides example embodiments relating to conductive features, such as metal contacts, vias, lines, etc., and methods for forming those conductive features. In an embodiment, a barrier layer is formed along a sidewall. A portion of the barrier layer along the sidewall is etched back. After etching back the portion of the barrier layer, an upper portion of the barrier layer along the sidewall is smoothed. A conductive material is formed along the barrier layer and over the smoothed upper portion of the barrier layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for HDMI signal communication over an optical communication link are described. One aspect includes receiving an HDMI control signal from an HDMI master device, and another HDMI control signal from an HDMI sink terminal via a communication resources. The method identifies half-duplex communication resource contention between the HDMI control signal and the other HDMI control signal, and transitions a communication direction of the half-duplex communication resources to give the HDMI control signal precedence over the other HDMI control signal. Subsequent to transitioning the communication direction, the method transfers the HDMI control signal to the HDMI sink terminal via the communication resources. Subsequent to transferring the HDMI control signal, the method again transitions the direction of the half-duplex communication resources, and transfers the other HMDI control signal to the HDMI master device.

Abstract: An electronic device including a plurality of light-emitting units, a driving circuit, and a controlling circuit is provided. The driving circuit is configured to drive at least one of the light-emitting units. The controlling circuit is configured to control the driving circuit. The plurality of light-emitting units, the driving circuit, and the controlling circuit are respectively disposed on different substrates.

Abstract: An operation method of an electronic device for sensing an optical signal is provided. The electronic device includes a plurality of optical sensors and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed adjacent to the plurality of optical sensors. The operation method of the electronic device for sensing the optical signal includes the following steps. The optical signal is provided to a first optical sensor of the plurality of optical sensors. The first optical sensor outputs a driving signal when dimming the plurality of light-emitting elements adjacent to the first optical sensor. Therefore, the accuracy of sensing the optical signal may be effectively increased.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is provided. The light-emitting device includes a circuit substrate, an array substrate, a plurality of light-emitting units and a driver. The circuit substrate has a top surface. A top circuit is disposed on the top surface. The array substrate is disposed on the top surface of the circuit substrate and electrically connected to the top circuit. The light-emitting units are disposed on the array substrate. The light-emitting device further includes an electrical connection structure, a plurality of light extraction layers, a protective layer, a plurality of test pads, and a light absorption layer. The plurality of test pads are disposed on the array substrate, and the light absorption layer covers at least one of the test pads.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein provide techniques for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes. For example, embodiments include techniques associated with: rate-proportional routing for network coding; utilizing multiple routes in IAB networks; user equipment (UE) and parent selection for efficient topology in IAB networks; establishing efficient IAB topologies; and/or adaptive coded-forwarding for network coding. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes a display unit and a backlight module. The backlight module is disposed corresponding to the display unit. The backlight module includes a circuit board, a plurality of light sources, a diffuser plate and an optical film. The light sources are disposed on the circuit board, the diffuser plate is disposed between the light sources and the display unit, and the optical film is disposed between the diffuser plate and the display unit. The optical film includes a micro-structure, and the micro-structure faces the light sources.

Abstract: An operation method of an electronic device for sensing an optical signal is provided. The electronic device includes a plurality of optical sensors and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed adjacent to the plurality of optical sensors. The operation method of the electronic device for sensing the optical signal includes the following steps. The optical signal is provided to a first optical sensor of the plurality of optical sensors. The first optical sensor outputs a driving signal when dimming the plurality of light-emitting elements adjacent to the first optical sensor. Therefore, the accuracy of sensing the optical signal may be effectively increased.

Abstract: Dynamically-switchable optical cables are described. One aspect includes a first terminal and a second terminal, each including an HDMI high-speed electrical interface. Each terminal may include a hot-plug signal analysis unit configured to receive one or more HDMI hot-plug detect signals, analyze the HDMI hot-plug detect signals, and determine if the associated terminal is connected to one of an HDMI signal source or an HDMI signal sink. Each terminal may include a signal transmitting unit electrically connected to the respective HDMI high-speed electrical interface, and a signal receiving unit electrically connected to the respective HDMI high-speed electrical interface. The optical cable may include a first optical communication channel connecting an output of the first signal transmitting unit to an input of the second signal receiving unit, and a second optical communication channel connecting an output of the second signal transmitting unit to an input of the first signal receiving unit.