Abstract: In one exemplary aspect, a method comprises providing a semiconductor structure having a substrate, one or more first dielectric layers over the substrate, a first metal plug in the one or more first dielectric layers, and one or more second dielectric layers over the one or more first dielectric layers and the first metal plug. The method further comprises etching a via hole into the one or more second dielectric layers to expose the first metal plug, etching a top surface of the first metal plug to create a recess thereon, and applying a metal corrosion protectant comprising a metal corrosion inhibitor to the top surface of the first metal plug.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed and includes a base substrate, a circuit layer, and a plurality of light-emitting elements. The base substrate has a plurality of through holes, the circuit layer is disposed on the base substrate, and the light-emitting elements are disposed on the first circuit layer. An absolute value of a difference between two adjacent spacings of the plurality of through holes of the base substrate is less than 0.5 times radius of curvature of the electronic device when the electronic device is bent.

Abstract: An electronic device including a plurality of light-emitting units, a driving circuit, and a controlling circuit is provided. The driving circuit is configured to drive at least one of the light-emitting units. The controlling circuit is configured to control the driving circuit. The plurality of light-emitting units, the driving circuit, and the controlling circuit are respectively disposed on different substrates.

Abstract: Systems and methods to transmit audio-video signals over an optical communication channel are described. One aspect includes receiving a plurality of audio-video electrical signals at an optical transmitter. The optical transmitter may also receive a plurality of out-of-band electrical signals. The optical transmitter may collectively modulate the audio-video electrical signals to generate a composite electrical signal. In one aspect, the optical transmitter bias current-modulates a bias current level of the composite electrical signal using the electrical out-of-band signals, and generates a modulated electrical signal based on the bias current-modulating. The optical transmitter may convert the modulated electrical signal into a modulated optical signal using a laser diode, and transmit the modulated optical signal to an optical receiver over an optical communication channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optical transmission of one-or-more out-of-band signals associated with audio-video signal communication are described. In one aspect, an optical receiver receives a first out-of-band electrical signal and a second out-of-band electrical signal from a video sink. The first out-of-band electrical signal may correspond to an audio-video stream previously received or concurrently being received from a video source optical transmitter at the optical receiver. The second out-of-band electrical signal may also correspond to the audio-video stream. The optical receiver may combine the first out-of-band electrical signal and the second out-of-band electrical signal into a transmit electrical signal. In one aspect, the optical receiver converts the transmit electrical signal into an optical signal, and transmits the optical signal to an optical transmitter via an optical communication channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for signal communication over an optical link are described. One aspect includes receiving a source CONFIG1 signal from a DP master device and a sink CONFIG1 signal from a sink terminal. The source and sink CONFIG1 signals are analyzed. It is determined whether a signal transmission mode is a DP protocol. For a DP protocol, a pair of source AUX signals is received from the DP master device. A pair of sink AUX signals is received from the sink terminal. Communication resource contention between the source and sink AUX signals is identified. A communication direction of the communication resources is transitioned to give the source AUX signals precedence over the sink AUX signals. The source AUX signals are transferred to the sink terminal via the communication resources. The direction of the communication resources is again transitioned. The sink AUX signals are transferred to the DP master device.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is provided, including a light-emitting unit and an optical layer. The light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting chip and an encapsulation disposed thereon. The optical layer is disposed on the light-emitting unit, the optical layer having a first region overlapping the light-emitting chip in a top view direction of the light-emitting device and a second region not overlapping the light-emitting chip in the top view direction of the light-emitting device, wherein the transmittance of the first region is less than the transmittance of the second region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optical data interconnection are described. One aspect includes a first signal converter that converts first high-speed HDMI electrical signals into high-speed HDMI optical signals, and transmits the optical signals over a first optical communication channel. A second signal converter encodes first low-speed HDMI electrical signals, converts these encoded signals into low-speed HDMI optical signals, and transmits these optical signals over a second optical communication channel. A third signal converter receives the high-speed HDMI optical signals, and converts these optical signals to second high-speed HDMI electrical signals. A fourth signal converter receives the low-speed HDMI optical signals, converts these optical signals to second low-speed HDMI electrical signals, and decodes the second low-speed HDMI electrical signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optical data interconnection are described. One aspect includes detecting a first HDMI connection of a first terminal of an optical connector. A second HDMI connection of a second terminal of the optical connector may be detected. One aspect includes determining that the first HDMI connection is associated with an HDMI source, and determining that the second HDMI connection is associated with an HDMI sink. Responsive to determining that the first HDMI connection is associated with the HDMI source, an HDMI transmission mode is selected for the first terminal. Responsive to determining that the second HDMI connection is associated with the HDMI sink, an HDMI reception mode is selected for the second terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal may perform HDMI optical communication via an optical communication channel.

Abstract: Optical fiber interconnection systems and methods are described. One aspect includes receiving a pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM4) electrical signal at a transmitter for transmission to a receiver. The PAM4 electrical signal is decoded into a pair of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) electrical signals. The pair of NRZ electrical signals is converted into a corresponding pair of NRZ optical signals including a first NRZ optical signal and a second NRZ optical signal. The first NRZ optical signal is transmitted to a receiver over an communication channel. The second NRZ optical signal is transmitted to the receiver over the optical communication channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods to implement a USB and Thunderbolt optical signal transceiver are described. One method includes detecting presence of a USB sideband signal received over an optical communication channel and associated with a USB communication request. Responsive to the detecting, the method may determine that the USB communication request corresponds to a USB communication mode and perform a sideband negotiation. The USB communication mode may be enabled. A specified number of channels associated with the USB communication request may be determined. USB communication may be performed using the specified number of channels over the optical communication channel in the USB communication mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods to implement a USB and Thunderbolt optical signal transceiver are described. One method includes detecting presence of a USB sideband signal received over an optical communication channel and associated with a USB communication request. Responsive to the detecting, the method may determine that the USB communication request corresponds to a USB communication mode and perform a sideband negotiation. The USB communication mode may be enabled. A specified number of channels associated with the USB communication request may be determined. USB communication may be performed using the specified number of channels over the optical communication channel in the USB communication mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for signal communication over an optical link are described. One aspect includes receiving a source CONFIG1 signal from a DP master device and a sink CONFIG1 signal from a sink terminal. The source and sink CONFIG1 signals are analyzed. It is determined whether a signal transmission mode is a DP protocol. For a DP protocol, a pair of source AUX signals is received from the DP master device. A pair of sink AUX signals is received from the sink terminal. Communication resource contention between the source and sink AUX signals is identified. A communication direction of the communication resources is transitioned to give the source AUX signals precedence over the sink AUX signals. The source AUX signals are transferred to the sink terminal via the communication resources. The direction of the communication resources is again transitioned. The sink AUX signals are transferred to the DP master device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for HDMI signal communication over an optical communication link are described. One aspect includes receiving an HDMI control signal from an HDMI master device, and another HDMI control signal from an HDMI sink terminal via a communication resources. The method identifies half-duplex communication resource contention between the HDMI control signal and the other HDMI control signal, and transitions a communication direction of the half-duplex communication resources to give the HDMI control signal precedence over the other HDMI control signal. Subsequent to transitioning the communication direction, the method transfers the HDMI control signal to the HDMI sink terminal via the communication resources. Subsequent to transferring the HDMI control signal, the method again transitions the direction of the half-duplex communication resources, and transfers the other HMDI control signal to the HDMI master device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display unit, and a backlight module. The display unit includes a display area and a peripheral area. The peripheral area surrounds the display area. The backlight module is disposed corresponding to the display unit. The backlight module includes a circuit board that has a surface. The circuit board includes a plurality of light emitting units, and a plurality of edge units.

Abstract: Methods for USB signal communication over an optical link are described. One aspect includes detecting connection of a device circuit to a USB device. The detecting may further include transmitting an electrical pulse through a reactive network, and detecting a change in a delay associated with the electrical pulse responsive to connecting the device circuit to the USB device. An optical signal associated with the detected connection may be transmitted to a host circuit via an optical communication channel.

Abstract: A mechanical seal having an auxiliary cooling and lubricating device, comprising a sliding pairs, a mating ring, a sliding ring, a mating ring driving sleeve, a sliding ring retainer, a cartridge, a wave spring, a retainer, a bellow and a rubber cup; the mating ring driving sleeve is fixed on a shaft and the shaft drives the mating ring driving sleeve to rotate; the mating ring driving sleeve is provided thereon with multiple blades, the blades spinning a cooling medium around the mechanical seal toward the contact area of a sliding pair while the mating ring driving sleeve drives the mating ring to rotate so as to guarantee that the sliding pair is constantly in a lubricating and cooling state.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a light emitting device including a substrate and multiple pixels. The pixels are disposed on the substrate, each of the pixels includes multiple sub-pixels. Two adjacent sub-pixels are separated by a distance D, and one of the two adjacent sub-pixels has a height H. The distance and the height satisfy a relational expression: 0.3H<D?30H.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by gas-phase hydrodechlorination, which solves the problem of the high costs and easy deactivation of traditional chlorofluorocarbon hydrodechlorination catalysts. The disclosed catalyst is characterized in consisting of an active component and a carrier, wherein the active component is a combination of one or more of the metals: Ni, Mo, W, Co, Cr, Cu, Ce, La, Mn and Fe. The catalyst in the present invention has excellent performance, high activity, good stability and a low reaction temperature, effectively reduces reaction energy consumption, and has industrial application value.

Abstract: Voltage converter systems and methods are described. One aspect includes extracting energy from one or more data lines. A feedback voltage is derived from the extracted energy. Responsive to the value of the feedback voltage being less than a reference voltage value, a waveform modulation controller is switched to a pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) mode. Subsequent to switching the waveform modulation controller to the PFM mode, additional energy is extracted from the one or more digital data lines. Another feedback voltage is derived from the additional extracted energy. Responsive to the value of other feedback voltage being greater than the reference voltage value, the waveform modulation controller is further switched from the PFM mode to a pulse-skipping modulation (PSM) mode.