Abstract: A frequency detector is used for detecting a frequency difference of a signal to be tested from a first time point to a second time point. The frequency detector includes: an alternating current coupled capacitor configured to receive the signal to be tested; a rectifying circuit electrically connected to the alternating current coupled capacitor; an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the rectifying circuit; a control unit electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter; and a counter electrically connected to the rectifying circuit and the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to calculate the frequency difference of the signal to be tested from the first time point to the second time point according to outputs of the analog-to-digital converter and outputs of the counter.

Abstract: A device for detecting an audio interface includes a processing unit, a first audio interface transmitting circuit, and a second audio interface transmitting circuit. The processing unit is utilized to generate a clock signal and a word select (WS) signal. The first audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a first audio data according to the clock signal. The second audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a second audio data according to the clock signal and the WS signal. The processing unit switches to the first audio interface transmitting circuit if a voltage potential of the WS signal remains at a high voltage level or remains at a low voltage level longer than a predetermined period. The processing unit switches to the second audio interface transmitting circuit if the voltage potential of the WS signal changes during the predetermined period.

Abstract: A sensing device comprises a charge pump, a MEMS sensor, a source follower and a PGA. The charge pump is configured to provide a pump voltage. The MEMS sensor is electrically connected to the charge pump and configured to generate an input voltage according to environment variations. The source follower is electrically connected to the MEMS sensor and configured to generate a followed reference voltage according to the pump voltage and to generate a followed input voltage according to the input voltage. The PGA has an input end of the PGA electrically connected to the source follower and is configured to generate two-ended differential output voltages outputted through a first output end and a second output end according to a difference between the followed reference voltage and the followed input voltage.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting heavy metals in water is provided. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode having complementary interdigitated surfaces that are separated from each other by a first gap having a distance of greater than or equal to about 500 nm to less than or equal to about 10 ?m. The sensor also includes a power source connectable to the first electrode and the second electrode. The sensor is configured to continuously monitor water for the presence of heavy metals. Methods of making and using the sensor are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-functional sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate defining at least a distal region, intermediary region, and proximal region that are each covered with electrically conductive traces. The proximal region is configured to be exposed to a media to be sensed and the distal and intermediary regions are configured to be protected from the media. The electrically conductive traces comprise at least electrical circuits to sense temperature and flow of the media and one or more electrodes to sense one or more of conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and acidity (pH) of the media.

Abstract: A multi-functional water quality sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate carrying electrically conductive traces that comprise one or more electrodes configured to sense at least one of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) or acidity (pH) of water. The electrodes are configured to be operated according to a dynamic mode, which includes establishing constant potentials or constant currents between the electrodes and documenting potentials between the electrodes as a measure of ORP and/or pH, and/or determining a differential in the potentials between first and second times as a measure of pH of the water, wherein the dynamic mode may be carried out without use of a silver chloride reference electrode.

Abstract: A video interface conversion apparatus comprises a video interface circuit, a video clock adjustment information generation circuit and a video clock recovery circuit. The video interface circuit generates at least one original synchronization signal according to a control signal, and fetches video data from a data signal according to a video synchronization signal. The video clock adjustment information generation circuit generates video clock adjustment information and the video synchronization signal according to the original video synchronization signal and a video clock. The video clock recovery circuit receives an original clock and the video clock adjustment information, and recovers the video clock by adjusting the original clock according to the video clock adjustment information.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling a backlight source and an operation method are provided. The circuit arrangement includes a generator. The generator receives a sync signal and generates a pulse width modulation signal synchronous with the sync signal to control the backlight source. The sync signal indicates a frequency of a video including a series of image frames. The sync signal includes a sync period corresponding to a frame of the video. The pulse width modulation signal includes a first waveform pattern in a first sub-period of the sync period and a second waveform pattern in a second sub-period of the sync period. Each of the first waveform pattern and the second waveform pattern includes at least one active pulse. The first waveform pattern is substantially identical to the second waveform pattern.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting heavy metals in water is provided. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode having complementary interdigitated surfaces that are separated from each other by a first gap having a distance of greater than or equal to about 500 nm to less than or equal to about 10 ?m. The sensor also includes a power source connectable to the first electrode and the second electrode. The sensor is configured to continuously monitor water for the presence of heavy metals. Methods of making and using the sensor are also provided.

Abstract: A configurable amplifier module is disclosed. The configurable amplifier module includes a first amplifier having a non-inverting input, an inverting input, and a first output; a second amplifier having a non-inverting input, an inverting input, and a second output; a first resistor; a second resistor; a third resistor; a detecting unit connected to the second output of the second amplifier and configured to detect whether a current flows through the detecting unit; and a control unit connected to the second resistor and the detecting unit and configured to control the second resistor to be connected to the third resistor or a direct current signal.

Abstract: A multi-functional sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate defining at least a distal region, intermediary region, and proximal region that are each covered with electrically conductive traces. The proximal region is configured to be exposed to a media to be sensed and the distal and intermediary regions are configured to be protected from the media. The electrically conductive traces comprise at least electrical circuits to sense temperature and flow of the media and one or more electrodes to sense one or more of conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and acidity (pH) of the media.

Abstract: An active stylus pen comprises a touch component and a pressure sensing module. One end of the touch component is disposed at a nib part of the active stylus pen, wherein the touch component is configured to receive an external pressure. The pressure sensing module is connected to the touch component, wherein the pressure sensing module is configured to generate an oscillation signal, wherein the oscillation signal has a first frequency when the touch component receives the external pressure and the external pressure reaches a first threshold value, and wherein the oscillation signal is adjusted to have a second frequency when the touch component receives the external pressure and the external pressure does not reach the first threshold value; wherein a difference of the first frequency and the second frequency is larger than a second threshold value.

Abstract: An analog microphone and a control method thereof are disclosed. The analog microphone includes a sensor configured to sense an audio signal and convert the audio signal into an electrical signal; a charge pump configured to provide a bias voltage for the sensor to drive the sensor; a source follower configured to receive the electrical signal and convert the electrical signal into a source follower signal; a gain adjustable amplifier configured to receive the source follower signal, multiply the source follower signal by an amplifying factor, and output an amplified signal; and a detecting module configured to adaptively control the bias voltage of the charge pump and the amplified signal of the gain adjustable amplifier in response to the source follower signal of the source follower.

Abstract: A device for detecting an audio interface includes a processing unit, a first audio interface transmitting circuit, and a second audio interface transmitting circuit. The processing unit is utilized to generate a clock signal and a word select (WS) signal. The first audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a first audio data according to the clock signal. The second audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a second audio data according to the clock signal and the WS signal. The processing unit switches to the first audio interface transmitting circuit if a voltage potential of the WS signal remains at a high voltage level or remains at a low voltage level longer than a predetermined period. The processing unit switches to the second audio interface transmitting circuit if the voltage potential of the WS signal changes during the predetermined period.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling a backlight source and an operation method are provided. The circuit arrangement includes a generator. The generator receives a sync signal and generates a pulse width modulation signal synchronous with the sync signal to control the backlight source. The sync signal indicates a frequency of a video including a series of image frames. The sync signal includes a sync period corresponding to a frame of the video. The pulse width modulation signal includes a first waveform pattern in a first sub-period of the sync period and a second waveform pattern in a second sub-period of the sync period. Each of the first waveform pattern and the second waveform pattern includes at least one active pulse. The first waveform pattern is substantially identical to the second waveform pattern.

Abstract: A synchronous backlight device and an operation method thereof are provided. The synchronous backlight device includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit and a backlight driving circuit. The PWM control circuit receives the video sync information from a video processing circuit and generates a PWM control signal. Wherein, the video sync information defines a plurality of video frame periods, the PWM control circuit at least divides each of the video frame periods into a first period and a second period, the lengths of the first periods of the video frame periods are equal to one another. The frequency of the PWM control signal in the first periods is different from the frequency of the PWM control signal in the second periods. The backlight driving circuit drives the backlight source of a display panel in accordance with the PWM control signal.

Abstract: An interface converter and an operation method of interface converter is provided. The interface converter includes a first media stream receiver, a second media stream transceiver, and a controller. The first media stream receiver is configured to fetch a first media stream for matching a first media stream protocol, wherein the first media stream comprises a link symbol clock and a first audio data with an audio parameter, the first media stream receiver further comprises a buffer having a write indicator and a read indicator for buffering sampled audio data from the first audio data. The second media stream transceiver is coupled to the first media stream receiver, and configured to receive the sampled audio data and a adjusted audio clock for generating a second media stream for matching a second media stream protocol.

Abstract: A frequency detector is used for detecting a frequency difference of a signal to be tested from a first time point to a second time point. The frequency detector includes: an alternating current coupled capacitor configured to receive the signal to be tested; a rectifying circuit electrically connected to the alternating current coupled capacitor; an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the rectifying circuit; a control unit electrically connected to the analog-to-digital converter; and a counter electrically connected to the rectifying circuit and the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to calculate the frequency difference of the signal to be tested from the first time point to the second time point according to outputs of the analog-to-digital converter and outputs of the counter.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling a backlight source and an operation method are provided. The circuit arrangement includes a generator. The generator receives a sync signal and generates a pulse width modulation signal synchronous with the sync signal to control the backlight source. The sync signal indicates a frequency of a video including a series of image frames. The sync signal includes a sync period corresponding to a frame of the video. The pulse width modulation signal includes a first waveform pattern in a first sub-period of the sync period and a second waveform pattern in a second sub-period of the sync period. Each of the first waveform pattern and the second waveform pattern includes at least one active pulse. The first waveform pattern is substantially identical to the second waveform pattern.