Abstract: A display that is readable under direct sunlight comprises a half organic light emitting diode structure and a half reflective liquid crystal display structure. It uses a thin film transistor as a switch to solve the problem of crosstalk between the organic light emitting diode mode and the liquid crystal mode as well as the dc residual problem and has the advantages of both display structures. The data signals in organic light emitting diode mode and liquid crystal mode are controlled by different control systems. By properly selecting liquid crystal material and organic light emitting diode material such that the ranges of the data signals are similar, one data driver can be shared between the two modes.

Abstract: A field emission display panel of the diode structure that has a dual-layer cathode and an anode formed on a bottom glass panel and a method for such fabrication are described. In the FED panel, a plurality of emitter stacks is formed each having a layer of dielectric material, a first layer of a conductive paste coated with a layer of nanotube emitters on a peripheral, sidewall surface as a cathode, and a second layer of the conductive paste deposited on top of the nanotube emitter layer. The first layer and the second layer are formed in a column shape. The second conductive paste layer stops any nanotubes left on a top surface of the first conductive paste layer from emitting electrons in an upward direction and restricts all emitted electrons in a downward direction.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a full-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device comprises a black matrix, a color changing medium, two thin film transistors, a storage capacitor, and an OLED device arranged on a substrate. The pixel structure of the display device uses blue organic light-emitting diodes or polymer light-emitting diodes as electroluminescent media. The low-temperature poly Si (LTPS) thin film transistors provide a current to the OLED device and serve as an active driving device. The color changing medium changes blue light into red or green light to form full-color OLED. The processing steps include the black matrix process, the island process, the gate process, the interlayer process, the color changing medium process, and the OLED deposition process. Because a color changing medium is integrated on the LTPS thin film transistors, this invention can make display devices of high resolution, high luminous efficiency and wide viewing angle.

Abstract: A pixel structure of an active matrix full-color OLED display device and its manufacturing method are provided. The pixel structure of the display device comprises two thin film transistors, a storage capacitor, a color filter, and an OLED device structure constructed on a top surface of a substrate, a black matrix region outside the color filter region and under the thin film transistors. In this pixel, structure of the OLED display device, the OLED device structure and the color filter are integrated in a thin-film-transistor array. This simplifies the process, reduces the leakage of light and increases the contrast of the display device. A white OEL device is used to emit light. A light then passes a color filter to get red, green or blue color of light. Therefore, a full-color OLED is formed. A poly-silicon thin film transistor is used to provide current to the OLED device structure and served as an active drive device.

Abstract: A field emission display panel device that incorporates carbon nanotube emitter layers for emitting electrons wherein the carbon nanotube layers has a smaller width than the conductive paste layers it is deposited on is disclosed. The width of the carbon nanotube layer should be less than ¾ of the width of the conductive paste layer, or in a range between about ¼ and ¾ of the width of the conductive paste layer, i.e. such as a silver paste layer. The present invention novel structure prevents the overflow of the carbon nanotubes, after a curing process for the nanotubes is conducted, onto the sidewall of the conductive paste layer, and thus significantly improves the electron density projected toward the flourescent powder coating layer to produce an image with reduced electron scattering. As a result, image clarity, definition and contrast can be improved in the FED device.

Abstract: A field emission display panel of the diode structure that has a dual-layer cathode and an anode formed on a bottom glass panel and a method for such fabrication are disclosed. In the FED panel, a plurality of emitter stacks is formed each having a layer of dielectric material, a first layer of a conductive paste coated with a layer of nanotube emitters on a peripheral, sidewall surface as a cathode, and a second layer of the conductive paste deposited on top of the nanotube emitter layer. The first layer and the second layer are formed in a column shape. The second conductive paste layer stops any nanotubes left on a top surface of the first conductive paste layer from emitting electrons in an upward direction and restricts all emitted electrons in a downward direction.

Abstract: A field emission display panel that utilizes nanotube emitters as electron sources and is equipped with two cathodes i.e. a primary cathode and an auxiliary cathode, and an anode is provided. The nanotube emitters can be suitably formed by nanometer-dimensioned hollow tubes of carbon, diamond or diamond-like carbon mixed in a polymeric-based binder. The nanotube emitters are formed in two parallelly-positioned, spaced-apart rows on top of an electrode layer such as a silver paste by a thick film printing technique. Since both the primary cathode and the anode are formed on the bottom glass plate, the operating voltage can be controlled by the thickness of the dielectric layer that is used in forming the nanotube emitter stacks. An auxiliary cathode formed of an electrically conductive material is coated on the interior surface of a top glass plate to further repel electrons in a downward direction toward the anode on the bottom glass plate.

Abstract: A field emission display panel that utilizes nanotube emitters as electron sources and is equipped with two cathodes i.e. a primary cathode and an auxiliary cathode, and an anode is provided. The nanotube emitters can be suitably formed by nanometer-dimensioned hollow tubes of carbon, diamond or diamond-like carbon mixed in a polymeric-based binder. The nanotube emitters are formed in two parallelly-positioned, spaced-apart rows on top of an electrode layer such as a silver paste by a thick film printing technique. Since both the primary cathode and the anode are formed on the bottom glass plate, the operating voltage can be controlled by the thickness of the dielectric layer that is used in forming the nanotube emitter stacks. An auxiliary cathode formed of an electrically conductive material is coated on the interior surface of a top glass plate to further repel electrons in a downward direction toward the anode on the bottom glass plate.

Abstract: A pixel structure of a full-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device comprises a black matrix, a color changing medium, two thin film transistors, a storage capacitor, and an OLED device arranged on a substrate. The pixel structure of the display device uses blue organic light-emitting diodes or polymer light-emitting diodes as electroluminescent media. The low-temperature poly Si (LTPS) thin film transistors provide a current to the OLED device and serve as an active driving device. The color changing medium changes blue light into red or green light to form full-color OLED. The processing steps include the black matrix process, the island process, the gate process, the interlayer process, the color changing medium process, and the OLED deposition process. Because a color changing medium is integrated on the LTPS thin film transistors, this invention can make display devices of high resolution, high luminous efficiency and wide viewing angle.

Abstract: The field emission display panel is constructed by a first glass plate that has a plurality of emitter stacks formed on a top surface, each of the emitter stacks is formed parallel to a transverse direction of the glass plate and includes a layer of electrically conductive material and a layer of nanotube emitter on top, the first glass plate further has a plurality of rib sections formed of an insulating material inbetween the plurality of emitter stacks to provide electrical insulation, a second glass plate that is positioned over and spaced-apart from the first glass plate wherein an inside surface of the second glass plate has coated thereon a layer of an electrically conductive material such as indium-tin-oxide on the inside surface, and a multiplicity of fluorescent powder coating strips formed on the ITO layer each for emitting a red, green or blue light when activated by electrons emitted from the plurality of emitter stacks.

Abstract: A diode structure field emission display panel that utilizes a nanotube emitter layer as the electron source and having a cathode and an anode formed on the same panel substrate is provided. The electron source of the nanotube emitter layer can be suitably formed by nanometer dimensioned hollow tubes of carbon, diamond or diamond-like carbon mixed with a polymeric-based binder. The nanotube emitter material can be advantageously applied on top of an electrode layer such as a silver paste by a low cost thick film printing technique. Since both the cathode and the anode are formed on the same bottom glass plate, the operating voltage is controlled by the thickness of a dielectric material layer that is used to form the nanotube emitter stacks. As a result, the distance between the top glass plate and the bottom glass plate can be suitably selected to allow a rapid evacuation of the panel cavity to form a high vacuum therein without affecting the operating voltage of the device.

Abstract: A planar color lamp powered by field emission nanotube emitters and a method for fabricating such lamp are provided. The planar color lamp is constructed with a lamp chamber having at least three spaced-apart, serpentine-shaped emitter stacks formed on a base plate, and at least three spaced-apart, serpentine-shaped fluorescent coating strips formed on a cover plate wherein each of the fluorescent coating strips emits a primary color of red, green or blue when activated by electrons emitted from the nanotube emitter stacks. The nanotube emitter stacks can be advantageously formed by a low cost, thick film printing technique with a material of a mixture of a polymeric binder and nanometer dimensioned hollow fibers such as carbon, diamond or diamond-like carbon material. The present invention planar field emission color lamp provides the advantages of a backlight and color filters into a single compact package that can be fabricated at low cost.

Abstract: A field emission display device utilizing a nanotube emitter layer instead of microtips and a method for fabricating such device by a thick film printing technique instead of thin film deposition and photolithographic methods are provided. In the device, various layers of materials including a layer of nanotube emitter material can be formed by a thick film printing technique on a glass plate. The nanotube emitter material can be nanotubes of carbon, diamond or a diamond-like carbon material that is mixed with a solvent-containing paste. The resulting paste has a consistency suitable for a thick film printing process. The nanotubes should have diameters between about 30 nanometers and about 50 nanometers for use in the present invention device. The screen printing or the thick film printing method of the present invention can be carried out at substantially lower cost than the thin film deposition and photolithographic methods.

Abstract: A pixel structure of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device connects a resistor in series with the source electrode of a thin film transistor to increase the illumination uniformity of pixels of the OLED display device. The pixel structure comprises first and second thin film transistors (TFT), a storage capacitor, a resistor and an OEL element. A negative feedback loop is formed by the connection of the resistor in series with the source electrode of the second TFT which can be a p-type or an n-type thin film transistor. When the current of the OLED is within the micro-amp level and the resistance level of the resistor is within the million-ohm level, the current-voltage characteristic curves have more linear relationship and the switching of gray-level brightness becomes easier.

Abstract: A vacuum seal suitable for use with field emission arrays is described. This seal has high reliability because the expansion coefficients of the metal and the glass are closely matched. Materials traditionally used for cathode and gate lines continue to be employed. To achieve this, a gap is introduced into each conductive line near the edges of the display. This gap is bridged by a material having an expansion coefficient that more closely matches that of the glass used for the seal and is the only material that contacts the seal. The bridge may be in the form of a deposited layer or it may be a discrete wire. A description of how the structure is manufactured is also provided.

Abstract: An improved cold cathode emitter based on carbon nanotubes has been developed by inserting into the conventional process an extra step in which the diameter of the gate aperture is temporarily reduced by means of a conformally deposited sacrificial layer. This reduced diameter aperture is then used as a mask for the deposition of the catalytic layer. The latter is then converted to a discontinuous layer either by selective etching or by heating until agglomeration occurs. The sacrificial layer is removed, following which carbon nanotubes are grown upwards from the catalytic layer in the normal manner. Because of the greater distance between the tubes and the gate aperture that this process provides, a more reliable product is obtained.

Abstract: A vacuum seal suitable for use with field emission arrays is described. This seal has high reliability because the expansion coefficients of the metal and the glass are closely matched. Materials traditionally used for cathode and gate lines continue to be employed. To achieve this, a gap is introduced into each conductive line near the edges of the display. This gap is bridged by a material having an expansion coefficient that more closely matches that of the glass used for the seal and is the only material that contacts the seal. The bridge may be in the form of a deposited layer or it may be a discrete wire. A description of how the structure is manufactured is also provided.

Abstract: A field emission device is described that comprises, in addition to the main, conventional array of field emission devices and its associated driving circuits, an additional, separate, pixel-sized group of field emission devices close to, but separated from, said main array. Electrons emitted by the additional pixel are collected on a separate, non fluorescent, anode and additional circuitry is provided, including a feedback loop from a detector of the additional pixel's cathode current to the gate voltage supply of the main array. Consequently the voltage of the gate lines varies in inverse proportion to the cathode current of the additional pixel. This results in a display whose brightness is constant even when turned on for the first time or after a period of idleness. A method for manufacturing the device is also described.

Abstract: The design of a large area display made up of a plurality of field emission display modules is described. The modules have been modified in several ways relative to prior art designs. The cathode and gate lines near the module's edge have been substantially shortened. This feature, in combination with the use of a rabbet joint for attaching thinner than usual edge plates, allows the modules to be butted up against each other such that pixels in adjoining modules are no further apart than pixels in the same module. Because of the thinner edge plates and the general compatibilty of the process, the use of internal supports between the front and rear plates becomes mandatory. Vacuum piping for the modules is located near an edge in dark space or under a green pixel, with the gettering layer being formed inside the piping. The modules all plug into a printed circuit board which includes a custom chip for driving the display.

Abstract: A cold cathode field emission device is described. A key feature of its design is that groups of microtips share a single conductive disk with a reliable ballast resistor being interposed between each of these conductive disks and the cathode conductor. Additionally, a resistor, rather than a conductor, is used to connect the gate conductive disk to the gate electrode. The latter is arranged so as not to overlap with the cathode electrode. The cathode and gate conductive disks ensure that the ballast resistance associated with each microtip is essentially the same.